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COEflRIGHT DEPOSm 



The High Schools of 
New York City 

A Hand-book of Procedure 
and Personnel 



Published by the High School Teachers' 
Association of New York City 



Clyde R. Jeffords 
Newtown High School, Elmhurst, L. I, 

Claude F. Walker 
Boys High School, Brooklyn, N. Y 

Editors 



New York 
1921 



c^^''"^ 



CONTENTS • ' 



5' 



PAGE 

Title Page 1 

Contents 2 

Preface 3 

Introduction 5 

University of the State of New York 6 

Board of Education of New York City 7 

Chronology 8 

I. The Origin and Development of the High Schools 11 

II. What the High Schools Teach 22 

III. The Present Trend of High School Teaching 38 

IV. Appointment and Promotion of High School Teachers 56 

V. Salary Schedules and Conditions 65 

VI. The Teachers' Retirement System of New York City 76 

VII. The High School Teachers' Association of New York City; 

Other Teachers Organizations 85 

Directory 

VIII. School Officers 99 

IX. Administrative and Departmental Organization of the High 

Schools 101 

X. Alphabetical List of High School Teachers 171 



JUL 19 '21 

G)CI.A622174 



PREFACE 



It has been the custom of the High School Teachers' Associa- 
tion of New York City since its organization in 1900 to publish 
occasional bulletins dealing with high school activities and prob- 
lems, and in 1914 under the direction of President William T. 
Morrey, the Association issued a comprehensive "Directory of the 
High Schools of New York City." During the war, however, pub- 
lication was discontinued except for a few circulars issued during 
the salary campaigns. 

In the meantime many important developments affecting the 
High Schools took place. In 1917 the bankrupt pension system was 
replaced by a new plan based upon sound actuarial computations, 
the Education Law of the state was revised, and many changes 
were made in school organization. In 1918 the gradual reduction 
of salaries, which had been going on for nearly twenty years through 
depreciation in the purchasing power of the dollar, reached such a 
point that collapse of the whole system seemed imminent, 
compelling a readjustment of salary schedules in 1919 and again in 
1920. Changes in economic conditions and in college entrance re- 
quirements brought about modifications of curricula. New high 
schools were organized and the teaching and supervising staff was 
enlarged and rearranged. The extent and complexity of all these 
changes necessitated the publication of a manual that should combine 
the features of a handbook of procedure, and a directory of per- 
sonnel. 

Consequently, as soon as war restrictions on printing were re- 
moved. President Clyde R. Jeffords, with the approval of the Board 
of Representatives and the Executive Committee, made preparations 
for publishing a new and comprehensive Hand-(book of the High 
Schools, that should summarize in compact form the more important 
changes, and show the status of the high schools today. Dr. Claude 
F. Walker was appointed editor, and in consultation with President 
Jeffords prepared a revised Directory, of which a limited preliminary 
edition, corrected to September 1, 1920, was distributed among the 
schools on the first day of the term. 

While the completed work is a joint product, each editor assumes 
entire responsibility for such special articles as appear over his signa- 
ture. The undertaking from the start has been conducted in cordial 
co-operation with the Division of High Schools of the Board of 
Superintendents. Associate Superintendent Clarence E. Meleney has 
read the descriptive part of the book, and has written an introduction. 
District Superintendent John L. Tildsley gave valuable advice, and read 
much of the manuscript. The material in the Directory has been 
compiled in co-operation with the Principals and with Mr. Frederic L. 
Mills, in charge of the Bureau of Records. 

Special acknowledgements are due to Superintendent of Schools 
William L. Ettinger ; to Directors Herman H. Wright and Lawrence 
E. Wilkins; to Examiners George J. Smith, James C. Byrnes and 
Walter L. Hervey, and Secretary Frank V. Daly ; to Auditor Henry 
R. M. Cook, Deputy Auditor Frederick D. Chambers, Director of 
Reference, Research and Statistics Eugene A. Nif enecker ; to Associate 
Superintendent Edgar Dubs Shimer ; to District Superintendent Edward 



Mandel; to Dr. James D. Dillingham, Principal of the Newtown High 
School; to Actuary George B. Buck; and to many of our colleagues 
in the high schools. 

For valuable information of an historical nature, the editors 
are indebted to Dr. Nicholas Murray Butler, Mr. Charles Bulkley 
Hubbell, Mr. Henry W. Taft, Dr. Henry W. Jameson, Secretary A. 
Emerson Palmer and others. 

The High Schools of New York City is a testimonial to the 
hearty encouragement and practical assistance given by school 
officers and teachers, and by friends of the high schools outside the 
system. To all who have thus contributed, in whatever degree, 
the editors desire to extend the gratitude of the Association, and 
their personal thanks. 

C. R. J. 

Memorial Day, 1921. C. F. W. 



Copyright, 1921. 



INTRODUCTION 



Clarence E. Meleney 
Associate Superintendent in Charge of High Schools 

The project of a manual of the high schools of New York City 
is the inspiration of the High School Teachers' Association. The 
work has been undertaken by a committee of the Association, and 
has awakened a lively interest on the part of progressive teachers 
who have responded to the request to contribute the articles that 
make up the volume. In every chapter the author has displayed his 
enthusiasm for the accomplishment of a great and valuable work 
which has required a vast amount of research and the organization 
of data much of which has been buried in records and reports 
stored away in the archives of the Department of Education, includ- 
ing some that could be found only in unpublished documents. 

The members of the committee upon whom the labor and re- 
sponsibility rested and who have diligently searched and collected 
the material, deserve the highest commendation for their energy and 
perseverance. 

The High School Teachers' Association for many years has 
supported its officers and committees in the preparation and pub- 
lication of investigations and reports of the most valuable and 
illuminating character. This has been an important contribution 
to educational literature of interest to secondary school teachers 
and administrators. It has served to encourage research and ex- 
perimentation in a broad field and to keep progressive teachers in 
the advanced rank of the profession. 

The work of the Association by its meetings for the discussion 
of educational problems especially concerned with high schools, and 
its publications, is greatly appreciated by the supervising and admin- 
istrative officers. The development of courses of study and the pre- 
paration of syllabuses in all departments of study in the various 
high schools have been possible only with the aid of members of 
the Association. Committees have been at work constantly study- 
ing, experimenting, and formulating plans and outlines to enable 
the teachers to keep abreast of the most progressive workers in this 
field. The problems of administration have engaged also a vast 
amount of study and organization of material. 

A progressive school system can be maintained only when the 
department as a unit including the boards of control, the officers, 
principals and teachers co-operates heartily and sympathetically for 
the benefit of the whole. Responsibilities are distributed all along 
the line; high ideals, new ideas, mutual confidence and apprecia- 
tion must be realized. 

This manual published by The High School Teachers' Asso- 
ciation of New York City is a most valuable and useful document 
and will serve greatly to facilitate the proceedings of the depart- 
ment. The entire expense of the work has been sustained by the 
Association. 



UNIVERSITY OF THE STATE OF NEW YORK 



The State Education Department 
1921 



Frank B. Gilbert 

Acting President of the University and Commissioner of Education 

Deputy Commissioner and Counsel 

Augustus S. Downing 
Assistant Commissioner and Director of Professional Education 

Charles F. Wheelock 
Assistant Commissioner for Secondary Education 

Avery W. Skinner 
Chief of the Examinations and Inspections Division 



Regents of the University of the State of 
New York 

Pliny T. Sexton, Chancellor 
Albert Vander Veer, Vice Chancellor 

Charles B. Alexander Walter Guest Kellogg 

William P. Baker Chester S. Lord 

William Bondy Thomas J. Mangan 

Herbert L. Bridgman Adelbert Moot 

James Byrne William J. Wallin 



School District of New York City 

William L. Ettinger, Superintendent of Schools 



BOARD OF EDUCATION 



The City of New York 
1921 



Anning S. Prall, President 

George J. Ryan, Vice President 

Harry B. Chambers Mrs. Emma L. Murray 

Dr. John A. Ferguson Arthur S. Somers 

M. Samuel Stern 

A. Emerson Palmer, Secretary 

William L. Ettinger, Superintendent of Schools 



Division of High Schools 

Clarence E. Meleney 
Associate Superintendent in Charge of High Schools 

John L. Tildsley, 
District Superintendent Assigned to High Schools 

James P. Haney, Director of Art in High Schools 

Herman H. Wright, Director of High School Organisation 

Lawrence A. Wilkins, Director of Modem Languages in High Schools 

Special Assignments 

Frank A. Rexford, Agriculture, Civics, General Science 

Albert G. Belding, Commercial Subjects 



CHRONOLOGY 



The Origin and Progress of the Public School System in the City 
of New York; the Rise of the High Schools 



April 9, 1805 — Incorporation of the Free School Society in New York City — 
Trustees. (In 1826, the Public School Society of New York) (L. 1805, 
Ch. 108). 
May 19, 1806 — First Free School established in New York City. 
December 11, 1809 — First school building erected by the Society placed in use in 

New York City. 
June 9, 1812 — The Common School Law (L. 1812, Ch. 242). A system of com- 
mon schools in New York State — State Superintendent of Common Schools. 
April 11, 1842 — ^The Common School Law extended to the county and city of 
New York (L. 1842, Ch. 150). Board of Education in New York City- 
Commissioners, Inspectors, Trustees. 
March 23, 1842 — Board of Education in Brooklyn. 
January 27, 1849 — Free Academy opened in New York City (in 1866, the College 

of the City of New York). 
July 3, 1851 — City Superintendent of Schools and Assistant Superintendents in 

New York City (L. 1851. Ch. 386). 
June 4, 1853 — Board of Education in New York City required to take over 
schools and property of Public School Society (L. 1853. Ch. 301) (August 1, 
18S3). 
February 14, 1870 — Daily Female Normal and High School opened in New York 

City (in 1871, the Normal College; April 4, 1914, Hunter College). 
May 11, 1874 — Compulsory Education Law (L. 1874, Ch. 421) (January 1, 1875). 
September 16, 1878 — Central Grammar School in Brooklyn opened (later, the 

Central School or High School). 
May 7, 1885 — Brooklyn Training School opened (Maxwell Training School for 

Teachers). 
January 5, 1891 — Boys' High School and Girls' High School established in 

Brooklyn. 
April 14, 1894 — Public School teachers' retirement fund established (L. 1894, 

Ch. 296). 
April 27, 1896 — "Pavey Law" (L.. 1896, Ch. 387) Board of Superintendents in 

New York City; provision made for high schools. (Trustees abolished.) 
May 4, 1897— Charter of the City of New York (L. 1897, Ch. 387) Central 
Board of Education; City Superintendent and Examiners; Borough Boards; 
Borough Superintendents; Borough Assistant Superintendents; Inspectors; 
special and general school funds; salaries controlled by Borough Boards, 
audited by Central Board (February 1, 1898). 
September 13, 1897 — Three day high schools opened in Manhattan and The 
Bronx— Boys', Girls' and Mixed (later, DeWitt Clinton, Wadleigh and 
Morris High Schools). 
September 12. 1898 — New York Training School opened. 

April 23, 1899— "Ahearn Law" (L. 1899, Ch. 417). Minimum and maximum 
salaries and increments, conditioned on "fit and meritorious" service, deter- 
mined by Borough boards. 
May 3, 1900— "Davis Law" (L. 1900, Ch. 751). Minimum and maximum salaries 
and increments, conditioned on "fit and meritorious" service determined by 
Central Board; salaries paid by Central Board through its Treasurer; four 
mills appropriation into the general fund mandatory. 
April 22, 1901— Revised Charter of the City of New York (L. 1901, Ch. 466). 
Board of Education (46 members). Local School Boards, Associate and Dis- 
trict Superintendents, Examiners. (Inspectors abolished.) Davis law part 
of the charter — salaries determined and audited by the Board, paid through 
Department of Finance. (February 3, 1902.) 
February 3, 1902 — First meeting of the Board of Education under the revised 

charter. (Last meeting December 26, 1917.) 
May 7, 1903— Amended Compulsory Education Law (L. 1903, Ch. 459). No child 
employed under 13 years; none employed between 14 and 16 who has not 
attended school 130 days after 13th birthday; employment certificates. 

8 



CHRONOLOGY 



October 6, 1903 — Decision, Court of Appeals (Gunnison vs Bd. of E, 176 N. Y. 
12). The Board of Education, a separate and distinct corporation; while the 
city has custody of public money, the Board must administer and expend 
all school funds; the Board, not the city, the proper defendant in suits re- 
lating to school funds. 

March 8, 1904 — "Unification Law." (L. 1904, Ch. 40). Regents of the Uni- 
versity of the State of New York, New York State Education Department, 
Commissioner of Education. (State Superintendent of Public Instruction 
abolished.) 

February 23. 1904 — Decision, Court of Appeals (People ex rel Murphy vs. Max- 
well, 177 N. Y. 494). By-law of the Brooklyn Board of Education declaring 
vacant the place of a female teacher who marries declared vo'd. 

February 17, 1909— Education Law (L. 1909, Ch. 21; Ch. XVI, Consolidated 
Laws of N. Y.). Amended (L. 1910, Ch. 140). 

June 1, 1911 — Committee on School Inquiry of the Board of Estimate and Ap- 
portionment of the City of New York; Paul H. Hanus and associates com- 
mence work on educational aspects of the inquiry. (Completed July 1, 1912.) 

October 30, 1911 — "Equal Pay Law" (L. 1911, Ch. 902). Discrimination in 
salaries based on sex removed; increased salary schedule and incre- 
ments, conditioned on "superior merit" determined by a Board of Superior 
Merit. First attempt to equalize pay (January 1, 1912). 

April 18. 1912— "Anti-merging" Law (L. 1912, Ch. 455). "Eligible lists shall 
not be merged, and one eligible list shall be exhausted before nominations are 
made from an eligible list of subsequent date." 

July 9, 1913 — Teachers' Council established. 

May 15, 1916— "Welsh Law" (L. 1916, Ch. 5667). State Military Training 
Commission — physical training increased, military training required of boys 
above 16 and not over 19, in elementary and secondary schools (September 
1, 1916). 

May 1. 1917 — Pension Law (L. 1917, Ch. 303). Retirement System in City of 
New York; Teachers' Retirement Association, Retirement Board (7 mem- 
bers). 

June 8, 1917— City School Law (L. 1917, Ch. 786. Article 33-A added to Ch. 
XVI., Consolid. Laws of N. Y.) Board of Education (7 members) ; Super- 
intendent of Schools with enlarged powers. (New York City School District.) 

January 2, 1918 — First meeting of Board of Education under amended Education 
Law. 

May 19, 1919— "Lockwood Committee Law." (L. 1919, Ch. 645, Article 33-B 
added to Ch. XVI. Consolid. Laws of N. Y.) Increased salary schedules 
and increments; increases spread over 3 years; "superior merit" abolished. 
Equalization of pay accomplished (January 1, 1920). 

March 23, 1920 — "Lockwood-Simpson Law" (Anti-Spreading Law). (L. 1920, 
Ch. 83). Spreading clause removed from Lockwood Committee Law, 
rendering maximum salaries payable June 1, 1920, instead of in three years. 

May 10, 1920 — "Lockwood-Donohue Law" (L. 1920, Ch. 680). Increased salary 
schedules and increments for teachers and civil service employes of the Board 
of Education; an appropriation made for state aid. direct tax of IVz mills 
imposed for support of the common schools. (August 1, 1920.) 



THE HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

School 
DeWitt Clinton 



Date of First 
Session 

Manhattan 



Principals 



Wadleigh 

High School of 
Commerce 



Washington Irving 

Stuyvesant 

Julia Richman 

George Washington 
Haaren 

Morris 

Evander Childs 
Theodore Roosevelt 

Boys High School 

Girls High School 
Manual Training 
Erasmus Hall 
Commercial 

Eastern District 
Bushwick 

Bay Ridge 

New Utrecht 

Girls Commercial 

Bryant 
Jamaica 

Flushing 

Richmond Hill 

Newtown 

Far Rockaway 

Curtis 



Sept. 13, 1897 John T. Buchanan* (1897-1908); John L. 
Tildsley (1908-1914); Francis H. J. 
Paul (1914-). 

Sept. 13, 1897 John G. Wight* (1897-1910); Stuart H. 
Rowe (1910-). 

Sept. 8, 1902 James J. Sheppard* (1902-1914); John L. 

Tildsley (1914-1916); Arthur M. Wolf- 
son (1917-1920); Harold E. Buttrick 
(1920-). 

Sept. 8, 1902 William McAndrew (1902-1915); Edward 

C. Zabriskie (191S-). 

Sept. 12, 1904 Frank Rollins* (1904-8); Ernest R. Von 
Nardroff (1908-). 

Sept. 8, 1913 Arthur M. Wolfson (1913-1916); Michael 

H. Lucey (191 7-). 

Feb. 2, 1920 Arthur A. Boylan (1920-) 

Sept. 13, 1920 R. Wesley Burnham (1920-). 

The Bronx 

Sept. 13, 1897 Edward J. Goodwin (1897-1904); John B. 

Denbigh (1904-1918); Elmer E. Bogart 

(1919-). 
Sept. 8, 1913 Gilbert S. Blakely (1913-). 

Feb. 4, 1918 William R. Hayward (1918-1920). 

Brooklyn 

Jan. S, 1891 Alec G. McAllister* (1891-1895); John 

Mickleborough (1895-1907); James Sul- 
livan (1907-1916); Arthur L. Janes 
(1916-). 

Jan. 5, 1891 Calvin Patterson* (1891-1902); William 

L. Felter (1902-). 

Nov. 14, 1893 Charles D. Larkins* (1894-1917); Horace 
M. Snyder (1917-). 

Sept. 14, 1896 Walter B. Gunnison* (1896-1917); J. 
Herbert Low (191 7-). 

Oct. 9, 1899 William L. Felter (1900-1902); Frank R. 

Moore* (1902-1909); William Fairley* 
(1910-1918); Gilbert J. Raynor (1918-). 

Feb. 1, 1900 William T. Vlymen (1900-). 

Sept. 12, 1910 Frank Rollins* (1910-1920); Milo F. Mc- 
Donald (1920-). 

Feb. 1. 1912 Harry A. Potter (1912-1917); Kate E. 

Turner (1917-). 

Sept. 13, 1915 Irving A. Hazen (1915-1917); Harry A. 
Potter (1917-). 

Feb. 2, 1920 Evelyn W. Allan (1920-). 



Queens 

Feb. 1, 1905 Peter E. Demarest (1905-). 

Nov. 27, 1907 Charles J. Jennings* (1907-1910); Theo- 

dore C. Mitchell* (1910-1918); Charles 
H. Vosburgh (1919-). . 

Dec. 1, 1907 John Holley Clark (1907-1920); Harold 

G. Campbell (1920-). 
Feb. 23, 1909 Isaac N. Failor (1909-1917); Irving A. 

Hazen (1917-). 
Feb. 1, 1910 James D. Dillingham (1910-). 

Sept. 17, 1920 Sanford J. Ellsworth (1920-). 

Richmond 



Feb. 1, 1904 Oliver D. Clark* (1904-1906); Harry F. 

Towle* (1906-1912); Daniel D. Feld- 
man (1913-). 
All high schools in Queens and Richmond were high school departments of 
elementary schools previous to the dates given. 
*Deceased 

10 



1 

THE ORIGIN AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE 
HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

The High Schools of New York City constitute a body of more 
than seventy-nine thousand persons. In twenty-eight administrative 
units distributed geographically in the more densely populated zones of 
five boroughs, these schools have grown with the metropolis, and 
become an inseparable part of its cosmopolitan life. In these schools 
are approximately three thousand teachers and seventy-six thousand 
pupils, from nearly six hundred lower schools. 

Educational Awakening in New York City 

The old City of New York, comprising the present Boroughs of 
Manhattan and The Bronx, until 1897 had no public high schools in 
its rapidly growing educational system. The College of the City 
of New York, for boys, and the Normal College, for girls, offered to 
a limited number of grammar school graduates academic instruction 
of both secondary and more advanced grade, and in many of the 
grammar schools advanced instruction was given in the last term. 

On December 3, 1890, the Board of Education adopted a resolu- 
tion offered by Commissioner Charles B. Hubbell, providing for a 
committee to visit school systems in other cities, and to make rec- 
ommendations for the improvement of the schools of New York 
City. President John L. N. Hunt appointed Commissioner Hubbell 
as chairman of the committee. This body, known thereafter as the 
"Committee of Seven," visited a number of cities, inspecting care- 
fully among other features the kindergartens and high schools, par- 
ticularly in Boston, where it observed eight high schools in opera- 
tion. On November 18, 1891, the committee made a detailed report, 
which had an important influence in stimulating public interest in 
the schools and shaping legislation which five years later was to re- 
organize the entire school system, and turn public attention to the 
necessity for establishing high schools. 

"In our opinion our school system could be made more symmetri- 
cal and might be greatly improved by the addition of the kindergar- 
ten at the bottom, and the high school at the top," wrote Commis- 
sioner Hubbell. After making definite suggestions for kindergartens, 
the report continues : "At the other end of the system we recom- 
mend the establishing of two or more high schools to be conveniently 
located with reference to centers of school population, in which there 
shall be taught complete courses of three years duration, beginning 
with the two highest grades now taught in our Grammar Schools. 
Ours is almost the only city in the country Avhere this grade of in- 
struction is not provided, and the need of it is patent to those most 
familiar with our system." 

The demand for secondary education thu^ created grew slowly, 
encouraged by a progressive administration and many interested citi- 
zens. On April 27, 1896, after an inquiry into school conditions by 
a State Commission, a bill, introduced by Frank D. Pavey, was passed, 
becoming effective July 1, 1896, establishing the Board of Superin- 
tendents in New York City, and giving the Board power to estab- 
lish high schools. On June 17, 1896, the Board of Education elected 

V 



12 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

the members of the new Board of Superintendents. Among those 
elected were George S. Davis, Henry W. Jameson, Gustave Strauben- 
muller and all who had served as Assistant Superintendents previous 
to the enactment of the law ;^ Albert P. Marble and Clarence E, 
Meleney, who had been Superintendents in Massachusetts, and two 
Brooklyn men, Seth T. Stewart, and Walter B. Gunnison who in 
September resigned to become Principal of Erasmus Hall High 
School. Pursuant to the law City Superintendent John Jasper, Chair- 
man of the Board, appointed a Committee on High and Training 
Schools, with Albert P. Marble, chairman, and George S. Davis, sec- 
retary. 

First High Schools in Manhattan and The Bronx 

On October 7, 1896, the Board of Education referred to a com- 
mittee a resolution offered by Commissioner Charles B. Hubbell, de- 
claring the Board to be in favor of the establishment of two high 
schools — one for girls and another for boys — as soon as sites could be 
obtained and buildings erected. The resolution recited the fact that 
the establishment of the high schools had been made possible by the 
prevailing law, that both colleges were overcrowded, and that high 
schools were desirable to render the school system more useful and 
symmetrical. On October 27, 1896, President Robert McClay appointed 
Commissioners Charles B. Hubbell, Henry W. Taft and Auguste P. 
Montant, a special Committee on High Schools. The two high school 
committees held several joint sessions, at one of which representa- 
tives of the two colleges were present. 

On November 18, 1896, the Board of Education adopted resolu- 
tions authorizing the organization of three high schools, one for boys, 
one for girls, and a third undetermined. The resolution further pro- 
vided for inserting in the budget the sum of $75,000 to initiate the 
new schools, declared that the City of New York required eight high 
schools of from 1000 to 1500 pupils each, and requested the Board of 
Superintendents to submit an appropriate course of study. 

On December 9, 1896, the Board of Education established a per- 
manent Committee on High and Training Schools, and President 
Charles B. Hubbell appointed Commissioner Henry W. Taft chair- 
man of the committee. The committee resolved that a successful ex- 
perience in high school organization and management in large cities 
should be considered an essential qualification in candidates for ap- 
pointment to principalships of the high schools. John T. Buchanan, 
from Kansas City, was elected Principal of the Boys' High School; 
John G. Wight, from Philadelphia, and formerly from Worcester, 
Mass., of the Girls' High School; and Edward J. Goodwin, from 
Newton, Mass., of the Mixed High School. _ These schools later were 
named respectively, the DeWitt Clinton High School, the Wadleigh 
High School, and the Morris High School. 

The initiation of these three high schools in the old City of 
New York, on September 13, 1897, caused a stir of interest. The boys' 
school was opened in Grammar School 35, in West Thirteenth Street; 
the girls' school in Grammar School 47, in East Twelfth Street; and 
the mixed school at One Hundred and Thirty-seventh Street and 
Third Avenue, in The Bronx. On the teaching staff of the new 
schools were five First Assistants, eight Second Assistants, and fifty- 
one Third Assistants. Among those appointed were : Frank Rollins, 
James J. Sheppard, George J. Smith, GilVert S. Blakely, and John 
H. Denbigh, 



ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 13 

City Superintendent John Jasper comprehended the educational 
trend of his time. In 1896 he wrote : "The provision of the new 
school law contemplates the organization of high schools. * * * 
In my judgment the initial steps should be taken with a full under- 
standing of the utmost needs of the city. From the rapid growth of 
the school system, I am convinced that arrangements should be made 
for the distribution of these schools throughout the city in such a 
manner that by the beginning of the twentieth century not less than 
ten of them shall be in operation, or at least well on the way to com- 
pletion. It would be well that two of these schools should be set 
apart for manual training and other special purposes." 

Early High Schools in Brooklyn 

In Brooklyn high schools projects were further advanced. While 
in New York City public secondary education came slowly, on the 
other side of the East River there had been an even more gradual 
transition. In a rented building at Court and Livingston Streets, 
September 16, 1878, was bom the Central Grammar School, known 
later as the Central School, and occasionally as the Central High 
School. At this time in Brooklyn Ephraim J. Whitlock was Presi- 
dent of the Board of Education, and Thomas W. Field was Super- 
intendent of Public Instruction. The school, according to a peculiar 
system of administration that obtained, was placed under the dual 
control of a committee of the Board of Education, and a "local 
committee" of citizens. The purpose of the institution was to teach 
subjects of academic grade to boys and girls more thoroughly and 
through a more extended time than had been possible in the regular 
grammar schools. The first steps leading to its establishment had 
been taken as far back as 1849, the year of the establishment of the 
Free Academy in New York City. Dr. Robert F. Leighton was the 
first Principal of the Central School, and there were fifteen teachers 
on his staff. In 1886, under the principalship of Calvin Patterson, 
the school was divided into a girls' section, which was moved to the 
new building on Nostrand Avenue, and a boys' section, which re- 
mained in the old building under the sub-principalship of Alec G. 
McAllister. On January 5, 1891, the boys' section under Princi- 
pal McAllister became Boys' High School, and the girls' section 
under Principal Patterson became Girls' High School. Among the 
teachers employed in Boys' High School in 1891 were : Charles D. 
Larkins, Charles W. Lyon, Jr., Oliver D. Clark, and Harry F. Towle. 
In 1892 the Boys' High School moved into the new building on 
Marcy Avenue. 

On November 14, 1893, in the building vacated by the Central 
School, a manual training school was established, under the princi- 
palship of Charles D. Larkins, and on May 7, 1895, this became the 
Manual Training High School. One of the first teachers was James J. 
McCabe. In this undertaking Brooklyn had the benefit of the 
example of New York City, where manual training already existed, 
and where interest in the subject had been intensified by the report 
of the Committee of Seven. 

On September 14, 1896, Erasmtis Hall Academy, founded in 1786, 
in Flatbush, became Erasmus Hall High School, under the principal- 
ship of Walter B. Gunnison, with a staff of ten teachers. The academy 
buildings and grounds were made over to the city, and a new tem- 
porary building which has not yet been removed was erected. 

On October 3, 1882, William H. Maxwell became Associate Su- 
perintendent in Brooklyn, and September 6, 1887, was elected Su- 
perintendent of Public Instruction. He observed with gratification 



14 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

the increasing demands for public high schools, he deplored the slow- 
ness with which the demand was met. He persistently and suc- 
cessfully fought to overcome the prejudice against manual training. 
He believed that the safety of the state as well as the development 
of the individual depends quite as much on secondary school training 
as on teaching in the elementary schools. "High School education 
pays for itself a thousand times over," wrote Dr. Maxwell, "not 
merely in the enhanced wage-earning powers of its graduates, but in 
the good influence they exert on the social and political life of the 
community." 

First Courses of Study 

These early high schools of pre-charter days were frankly in- 
tended for preparation for classical and scientific colleges and pro- 
fessional schools. They labored under courses of study that re- 
flected the most advanced academic ideas as to what pupils should 
undergo. 

Two external influences worked to shape these early high school 
programs. The first was the report of the Committee of Ten, de- 
signed to improve the efficiency of secondary school teaching. The 
committee prepared four typical four-year courses — Classical, Latin- 
Scientific, Modern Language, and English, based upon a foreign 
language requirement. The second influence was a course of study 
for high schools, approved by State Superintendent of Public In- 
struction Charles R. Skinner, based upon a minimum requiremen? 
for entrance to training schools for teachers, in accordance with "an 
act to encourage and promote the professional training of teachers," 
passed in 1895. One purpose of this law was to provide for the thor- 
ough training of prospective teachers in the high schools ibefore pro- 
fessional training should begin. Dr. Maxwell was himself chairman 
of the Committee of Superintendents that recommended the course 
of study. 

In New York and Brooklyn high schools, therefore, we find that 
English was stressed, Latin loomed large, with a modern language 
alternative — ^then came algebra, geometry, ancient and modern his- 
tory, music and drawing. Consideration was shown, however, to the 
many pupils whose interests lay more in the direction of business pur- 
suits. In New York City supplementing the four-year Modern, Clas- 
sical and Classical-Science courses, there was planned a four-year 
"business course." This was about one-fifth Latin and modern lan- 
guages; one-fifth English; two-fifth, algebra, history, science, draw- 
ing, music; one-fifth bookkeeping, commercial arithmetic, stenography, 
with a modicum! of typewriting. In Brooklyn a four-year language 
course was offered, while three years of work were prescribed, in 
English for girls, and in science for Iboys. In addition for both boys 
and girls, a two-year commercial course was laid down. 

Development Under the Revised Charter 

On February 1, 1898, the educational chapter of the first charter 
gathered into the public school system of Greater New York seven 
large city high schools in New York and Brooklyn, besides high school 
departments in elementary schools in Long Island City, Newtown, 
Jamaica, Richmond Hill, Flushing and Far Rockaway. Dr. William 
H. Maxwell had been called from Brooklyn to become City Super- 
intendent of the Greater City. 

In i8g8-i8p9 in a day school enrollment of 493,849 pupils, 13,731 
or 2.8 per cent were in the high schools. These pupils were taught 
by 393 high school teachers, 4.3 per cent of the entire teaching force. 



ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 15 

Even under the difficult conditions of the original charter, during 
1898-1901, high school registration increased enormously, and demands 
for literary and college preparatory courses were fully equalled by 
calls for commercial and technical training. During this period two 
high schools were opened in Brooklyn — Commercial High School, Oc- 
tober 9, 1899, under the principalship of William L. Felter, absorbed 
the commercial department of Boys' High School ; and Eastern District 
High School, February 1, 1900, under the principalship of William 
T. Vlymen, relieved the pressure in both Boys' and Girls' High Schools. 

Meanwhile the Charter Revision Commission had completed its 
work. The educational chapter was drafted by former School Com- 
missioner Henry W. Taft, who was chairman of the educational com- 
mittee of the Revision Commission. On February 3, 1902, the revised 
educational chapter of the charter went into effect. The City Super- 
intendent found himself at the head of a strongly centralized admin- 
istrative system, with responsibility direct and fixed, personnel con- 
trolled by a Board of Examiners, and policies formulated by a Board 
of Superintendents, the City Superintendent being chairman of both 
boards. 

The demands of the high schools immediately became insistent. 
Dr. Maxwell discerned four major problems : 

(1) Extension of high school facilities — organization and plant; 

(2) Uniformity of high school teaching; 

(3) Definition of requirements for graduation; 

(4) Articulation of elementary schools with high schools. 

There followed a program of extraordinary expansion and edu- 
cational adjustment. Associate Superintendent Albert P. Marble was 
assigned to take charge of the high schools, assisted by District 
Superintendent Henry W. Jameson. Dr. Marble had been chairman 
of the first high school committee of the former Board of Superin- 
tendents in 1896 and Dr. Jameson, who had served as secretary of the 
committee, had succeeded Dr. Marble as chairman in 1900. Each 
had borne in succession the burden of leadership during the difficult 
and trying period of the establishment of the high schools. In 1904 
Associate Superintendent Edward L. Stevens was assigned to the 
division, and was assisted by Dr. Jameson until 1909, when Dr. Jame- 
son was succeeded by District Superintendent Darwin L. Bardwell. 

Great Specialized City High Schools 

City Superintendent Maxwell believed that a great specialized htgh 
school offered the most effective and economical means for absorb- 
ing the vast human tide that flowed in increasing volumes from the 
elementary schools in the congested zones. For the establishment ot 
such schools he found the way had been adequately prepared by 
the Board of Education of the old City of New York, which had en- 
couraged the policy of building new high schools as rapidly as pos- 
sible, and setting apart certain high schools for manual training and 
for commercial instruction. 

In 1897 the High School Committee of the Board of Superin- 
tendents in New York City had committed itself to the establishment 
of a Manual Training High School, to be located on the east side 
near Fourteenth Street, and to be called the Stuyvesant High School. 
The school was designed not to teach trades, but to teach along with 
science and mathematics and literature the mechanical principles that 



16 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

underlie all trades and the appliation of art to industry, a school that 
should develop inventors, engineers, electricians. Under the prin- 
cipalship of Frank RolHns, Stuyvesant High School was organized 
September 12, 1904. 

In 1897 also the High School Committee of the Board of Super- 
intendents had looked forward to estabUshing "a definite nucleus of a 
commercial high school on broad lines." In 1901 a sub-committee of 
superintendents, with former Commissioner John L. N. Hunt as 
chairman, was appointed to prepare plans for a High School of Com- 
merce in Manhattan. The report of the sub-committee, drafted by 
Assistant Superintendent Clarence E. Meleney, was adopted on Jan- 
uary 10, 1902. Immediately after the reorganization, February 3, 
1902, Dr. Maxwell proceeded to carry the project into effect, the un- 
dertaking receiving the active encouragement of President Miles 
O'Brien, of the Board of Education. The High School of Com- 
merce was organized September 8, 1902, under the principalship of 
James J. Sheppard, absorbing the commercial classes of DeWitt Clin- 
ton High School. 

Concurrently with the development of the idea of a boys' com- 
mercial high school, plans were made for a technical high school for 
girls that should give instruction in general academic subjects and 
in certain specified vocational lines, the initial purpose being to pre- 
pare girls for those occupations in which women readily find em- 
ployment. The first definite suggestion that such a school be formed 
came when the Wadleigh High School was transferred from an old 
structure in lower Manhattan into the first new building erected in 
that borough for high school purposes. The new institution, as the* 
Girls' Technical High School, today the Washington Irving High 
School, was organized September 8, 1902, under the principalship of 
William McAndrew, receiving its initial membership from Wadleigh 
High School. 

In outlying less densely populated boroughs, in which specialized 
high schools would not be practicable, it was planned to develop com- 
munity high schools of a composite type, in which general academic 
instruction should be supplemented by commercial courses and manual 
training. The chief function of all specialized courses was to diver- 
sify aim and method of teaching, to suit the needs of a cosmopolitan 
community. "Our specialized high schools," wrote Dr. Maxwell in 
1902, "make no pretense of turning out finished men of business, or 
thoroughly equipped artisans. They endeavor to give, along with a 
good deal of liberal education — language, literature, science — consid- 
erable instruction in the application of art to industry. * * * fhe 
pupils leave school, not specialists in a narrow sense, but with minds 
humanized by liberal studies, and hands trained to bring intelligence 
to bear." 

Ten Yeaes of Expansion and Adjustment 
1902-1911 

In 1902 Superintendents Marble and Jameson found themselves 
confronted with problems of educational adjustments unprecedented 
and highly complex. 

In igos-1904, in a day school average register of 544,293 pupils, 
^9)330 or 3.6 per cent were in the high schools. These pupils were 
taught by 742 high school teachers, 5.9 per cent of the entire teach- 
ing force. 

In the three larger boroughs were eleven high schools, of which 
the seven oldest averaged more than 1600 pupils each. Eight of 



ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 17 

the schools were split up into annexes housed in antiquated grammar 
school structures, widely scattered and unsuited to high school require- 
ments. All the schools were growing with extraordinary rapidity. 

Fortunately, for most of the new high schools sites had already 
been acquired, an initial appropriation of $2,500,000 having been made 
for high school purposes. Through the energy of Superintendent of 
Buildings C. B. J. Snyder an effective housing program was speedily 
undertaken. Mr. Snyder had traveled about to get ideas, and from 
his plans were produced school buildings unsurpassed for size, beauty 
and adaptability to school and community needs. In 1902 five new 
high school buildings, one in each borough, were under way, and 
by the close of 1906 eight high schools were permanently housed. 

The difficult task of assembling in each high school a permanent 
and adequate teaching personnel, that should attack vigorously the 
complex human problem that each school presented, was favored by 
two circumstances. First, the Davis law had guaranteed to every 
successful teacher tenure of office, and a fair salary with increments 
based upon length of service. Second, the Board of Examiners 
was now functioning smoothly, and nominations were made from 
eligible lists and were seldom reversed. High school teachers could 
feel that their positons were securely founded upon a merit system, 
that professional ethics would be respected, that for the eligible there 
existed a fair chance for promotion. 

Associate Superintendent Marble fitted new schools into old 
buildings; he supervised the distribution of text-books and supplies; 
he selected and assigned teachers, and heads of departments. He 
made an initial attack on two problems — the unification of aim and 
method of teaching, and the definition of requirements for gradua- 
tion. A uniform course of study for the general high schools was 
adopted, and specialized courses followed. That results might be ap- 
praised and standards maintained, examinations for graduation from 
high schools and entrance to training schools were initiated. Be- 
ginning in 1903 and extending until 1907 these examinations were 
give in January and June of each year, under the supervision of 
District Superintendent Jameson, the answer papers being marked 
by committees of teachers from the several high schools. 

Associate Superintendent Stevens assumed charge of the Divi- 
sion of High Schools in the fall of 1904. On February 1, 1904, Curtis 
High School had been organized with Oliver D. Clark as Principal, 
and February 1, 1905, the Long Island City High School, that had 
been independently established since 1898, became Bryant High School, 
Peter E. Demarest continuing as Principal. On September 12, 1910, 
Bushwick High School was organized with Frank Rollins as Principal. 
Meanwhile, the high school departments in elementary schools in 
Jamaica, Flushing, Richmond Hill and Newtown became independently 
organized, the total number of high schools being thereby increased 
to nineteen. 

With the problems of initial organization out of the way. Dr. 
Stevens and Dr. Jameson turned their attention to the internal ad- 
ministration and development of the high schools. The several pro- 
grams of study were watched with care, and courses were revised 
whenever they became unworkable or insufficient. Committees were 
appointed to prepare and revise syllabi in the several fields of in- 
struction, and conferences were arranged with representatives of the 
colleges. Principals and teachers entered heartily into this work, and 
there was initiated a co-operative effort that has continued to the 
present day. 



18 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

In 1907 for the first time candidates for graduation from the 
high schools and entrance to the training schools took the examina- 
tions conducted by the State Examination Board, under the authority 
of the State Regents, the local academic examinations that had been 
previously held being discontinued. 

During the year ending June 30, 1908, of the nineteen high schools 
six had a total enrollment of more than 3O0O pupils, and five had 
enrolled between 2000 and 3000. Dr. Stevens repeatedly urged that 
no high school organization be maintained wtih a register of more 
than 2000. A committee of high school teachers in 1908 in a report 
on the need of high school accommodations in Brooklyn, called at- 
tention to the inefficiency of the over-large high school. The schools 
continued to grow, however, and grave congestion developed. Over- 
crowded main buildings and annexes in unsuitable structures became 
permanent factors in the high school problem. The teacher supply 
failed at times, a large proportion of substitutes was employed; there 
developed in the larger schools a need for additional supervisory and 
administrative officers. An excessive proportion of failures, and of 
discharges from school, particularly in the lower terms, suggested 
impaired efficiency in the high schools, and a lack of articulation with 
the elementary schools. 

The annual reports of Dr. Stevens and Dr. Jameson to the City 
Superintendent reveal the energy with which these growing problems 
were attacked during this first decade of the high schools. The 
status of the First Assistant Teachers was a subject of frequent in- 
quiry, and efforts were made to bring about a more regular promo- 
tion of assistant teachers to that grade. Excessive pupil failure and 
"mortality" were under constant investigation, and remedies were 
tried. Elementary principals were asked to advise prospective high 
school entrants ; student aid committees and vocational bureaus were 
encouraged; promotion by subject was made mandatory. 

In September, 1909, District Superintendent Darwin L. Bardwell 
was assigned to the Divison to assist Superintendent Stevens, suc- 
ceeding Dr. Jameson. 

In 1911, Paul H. Hanus, and associates, commenced for the City of 
New York an extended inquiry into the public school system, including 
the organization, administration and courses of study of the high 
schools. The investigation continued for one year, and the results fill 
three large volumes. The report on the high school courses of study 
was reviewed at length by a committee of high school principals and 
teachers, of which John H. Denbigh was chairman. The report on 
high school organization and administration was reviewed by a com- 
mittee of which John L. Tildsley was chairman. Principal James 
J. Sheppard wrote a review of the special report on commercial courses. 

Ten Years of Intensive Development ... 
1912-1921 

The second decade under the revised charter has been marked 
by far-reaching influences and changes both within and without the 
educational system that have influenced the high schools profoundly. 

In 1911 the "Equal Pay" law was enacted, providing for salary 
increments conditioned upon "superior merit" and this remained in 
force until the passage of the "Lockwood Committee Law," in 
1919. In 1916 the "Welsh law" was enacted, making military training or 
its equivalent obligatory in the high schools. In 1917 the Teachers' 
Retirement Association was established. In 1917 the "City School 



ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 19 

Law" was enacted, which provided for a small Board of Education 
of seven members, and for a Superintendent of Schools with en- 
larged powers. William H. Maxwell was made Superintendent 
Emeritus, and William L. Ettinger was elected Superintendent 
of Schools. The "Lockwood-Donohue Law," creating the present 
salary schedules and conditions, was enacted in 1920. 

Associate Superintendent Edward L. Stevens died April 3, 1914, 
and District Superintendent Darwin L. Bardwell died September 6, 1915. 
Associate Superintendent Clarence E. Meleney was assigned to the 
Division of High Schools in 1914, and continued until the close of 1916, 
when Associate Superintendent John L. Tildsley was assigned. District 
Superintendents Charles W. Lyon, John S. Roberts and William A. 
Boylan were successively assigned to assist the Associate Superintendent. 
In 1920 Herman H. Wright was elected Director of High School 
Administration, and Lawrence A. Wilkins was elected Director of 
Modem Languages in High Schools. The Bulletiyi of High Points, 
under the editorship of Director Wilkins, has been published monthly 
since January, 1919. 

During this decade eight new high schools were established: Julia 
Richman, George Washington and Haaren in Manhattan ; Evander 
Childs and Theodore Roosevelt in The Bronx; and Bay Ridge, New 
Utrecht and Girls' Commercial in Brooklyn. The high school depart- 
ment in Far Rockaivay became independently organized, increasing the 
total number of high schools to twenty-eight. 

In 1912-1913 in a day school average register of 709,37^_ pupils, 
45,059, or 6.4 per cent, were in the high schools. These pupils were 
taught by 1822 high school teachers, 9.9 per cent of the entire teaching 
force. 

Although in 1912 the high schools were no longer in a formative 
state, their way was still beset with difficulties. Nearly all of the high 
schools continued to be over-crowded; the number of annexes constantly 
increased ; the double session plan was being rapidly extended ; the 
organization of new schools was becoming less frequent. 

In spite of all this, the reports of Dr. Meleney for 1914 and 1915 
reveal a growing spirit of democracy and are replete with human 
interest. The important steps by which the program of studies was 
made more efifective will be outlined in another article. Principals 
and teachers were coming to realize that a high school should be 
made as home-like as possible. The pupils' General Organisation, 
which had been highly developed in Erasmus Hall High School and 
elsewhere became a feature of all the schools, and the Arista League 
increased its influence for character and scholarship. Organizations of 
high school teachers also were encouraged and commended, and excerpts 
from their proceedings were published. Much progress was made in 
establishing closer relations between the high schools and the business 
community. On February 1, 1915, the first co-operative high school 
class was organized in Washington Irving High School, under the 
supervision of Associate Superintendent John H. Haaren. 

In spite of greatly increased duties imposed by the "superior 
merit" provision of the new salary law. District Superintendent 
Bardwell found time to draw a statistical picture of high 
school development during a period of seven years. His published 
graphs show that between 1906 and 1913 the high school register in- 
creased 118 per cent., while the register of all the day schools increased 
only 25 per cent. ; that the high schools in Manhattan grew more 
rapidly than those of any other borough ; and that the increase in the 
number of graduates was more rapid than the increase in register. 



20 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

In many schools the need of additional supervisors had become 
acute. Dr. Stevens in 1912 had requested that special supervisors be 
appointed in modern languages, commercial subjects, and manual arts 
for girls. Dr. Bardwell urged that more First Assistants be appointed, 
and that in certain of the larger schools one or more additional First 
Assistants be designated to serve as Deputy Principals to be intrusted 
with certain features of the executive management of their schools, and 
to receive additional compensation. This plan, held long in abeyance 
for lack of funds, led ultimately to the establishment of the position of 
Administrative Assistant. 

Dr. Bardwell insisted upon good scholarship as the test of efficient 
teaching. He valued the State Regents examinations, over which he 
had supervision, and his analysis of the examination results was most 
searching. He believed the high school library to be a most powerful 
educational agency, and at his request a survey of the duties of a high 
school librarian was made by a committee of librarians. He encouraged 
the spirit of experimentation and research, and published extended 
excerpts from the reports of the principals dealing with a variety of 
experiments undertaken in the several schools. 

In 1915 there was adopted a standardized plan of appointing Assistant 
Teachers, based upon a requirement of an average "pupil period load" 
of 720 per teacher (exclusive of music and physical training) in each 
school of over 2000, and an average of 660 in schools of less than 2000. 

The reorganized Board of Education, in 1917, as a policy making 
body, initiated a program designed so far as possible to do away with 
the hiatus between the elementary and the high schools by organizing 
certain elementary schools on the "6-Z-2)" plan. On Nov. 18, 1918, the 
Division of Training Schools for Teachers and Intermediate Schools 
was established, under the supervision of Associate Superintendent 
Gustave Straubenmuller, and District Superintendent John S. Roberts. 
In 1920 thirty-three public schools were either operating as intermediate 
schools, or contained intermediate departments. The intermediate 
schools have since been officially designated as Junior High Schools. 

In accordance with the desire of the Board of Education to secure 
greater efficiency. Superintendent of Schools William L. Ettinger as- 
signed the duties of the Associate Superintendents, and other school 
officers, so as to centralize control on a functional basis and stimulate 
local initiative and invention. 

Associate Superintendent Tildsley found the high schools laboring 
under the increasing strain of war time conditions. The register of 
pupils, which for nine years had shown an average annual increase 
of 4500, had become stationary. Nevertheless, there were in the high 
schools 66,000 pupils housed in buildings provided with approximately 
39,000 seats. Experienced teachers were entering war service in large 
numbers, new appointees were declining to serve, the usually orderly 
school routine was becoming seriously interrupted by war activities and 
war relief drives of many kinds. 

The activities of the high schools during and subsequent to the war 
are too near to be viewed in perspective. Under the policy, instituted 
by Dr. Ettinger, of pyramiding responsibility and delegating authority, 
it was possible for each high school problem to be dealt with expedi- 
tiously and effectively. Dr. Ettinger encouraged the development in all 
the high schools of a comprehensive plan for teaching the duties of 
citizenship. We may mention, in outline, a few of the educational 
events and tendencies of this important period. 



ORIGIN OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 21 

Among the high points were : 

New plan for appointing high school Principals. 

A standardized method for appointing First Assistants. 

Appointment of Administrative Assistants. 

Increased emphasis upon departmental organization, and supervision by First 
Assistants. 

Extension of the school day to 9 periods of 45 minutes each. 

Intelligence tests of first year pupils; prognosis tests in modern languages; 
pre-graduation tests in practical efficiency. 

Increased realization by the teachers of their responsibility for the detection and 
remedy of physical defects. 

Experiments in supervised study and rapid advancement. 

Development of pupil self-activity by the organization of "service squads." 

Encouragement of a spirit of patriotism and loyalty throughout the high 
schools. 

The war activities of the high schools are described, in connection 
with those of all the schools, in a report of Associate Superintendent 
William J. O'Shea, presented in January, 1920. 

On March 31, 1921, in a day school register of 885,514 pupils, 76,400 
or 8.6 per cent were in the high schools. These pupils were taught by 
2,g87 high school teachers, 12.5 per cent of the entire teaching force. 

Mobilization for Democracy 

The High Schools of New York City are rapidly becoming mobil- 
ized in the service of democracy. Among the teachers there 
has developed not only a stronger group interest and co-operative 
spirit, but also a growing realization of responsibility for pupil wel- 
fare. The mere formal working out of pedagogical aims and values 
is giving way to the concrete and practical human task of safeguard- 
ing the physical health, mental development, and moral stalwartness 
of the great mass of adolescent population in the city. In adjusting 
curricula to meet the emotional and vocational requirements of in- 
dividuals there is a growing desire to appraise native ability and apti- 
tude against home and community backgrounds. 

In the great variety of pupil activity — athletic, literary, scholas- 
tic, and civic — that makes up the inner life of each high school, in- 
dependent initiative and responsibility on the part of teachers and 
pupils are encouraged. The wealth and variety of this organized 
service is revealed in the crowded pages of the Hand-books and 
school journals that are published frequently in nearly all the high 
schools, and in the annual reports submitted by the Principals. Each 
high school with its daily routine of duties and opportunities has 
become a microcosm, with an organic life of its own. 

The system of public secondary schools in the City of New York 
was founded upon the charter, and grew with the Greater City. It 
stands today as a living memorial to all who gave to it the eflfort of 
hand or brain, including that considerable number who laid down 
their lives in devoted service. Nearly twenty-five years have passed 
since the foundations were laid : years of extraordinary physical 
expansion and adjustments; of hurried attempts to provide buildings, 
equipment, teachers and programs abreast of the demand ; of de- 
pressed morale caused by vexatious delays in adjusting salaries to 
meet the cost of existence ; of splendid mobilization of resources to 
supply America's need and to defend her honor; of new spiritual 
awakening to the teacher's duty to ascertain and supply the social 
needs of every individual as a basic element in the broad task of 
national reconstruction. These have been years of real achievement, jus- 
tifying the expenditure in human effort and in treasure that the high 
schools have cost, and commending them to all who know that ma- 
turing boys and girls are a democracy's first defence. 

C. F. W. 



II 

WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 

Introduction 

The world war emphasized to supervisors, principals and teachers 
the wisdom of adapting the high schools of New York City 
to vocational needs, and to the demands of enlightened citizenship. Far 
reaching changes in the program of studies, already notably modernized 
within recent years, have carried this conviction into effect. American 
history and civics, modern history and economics, in the advanced 
grades, and community civics in the first year are required in all 
high schools. The requirement in English has been increased 
to four periods per week for four years. Spanish has becoijie 
more important while the formation of new classes in German, sus- 
pended during the war, has been continued since February 1, 1921. 
General science and typewriting are elective in first term, short busi- 
ness courses are offered in several schools and physical training has 
been greatly extended to comply with the Welch law. 

The program of studies is designed to meet the specific require- 
ments of the individual, and is planned to encourage initiative and re- 
soui-cefulness on the part of principals and teachers. It recognizes that 
the high school aim is to train for service in a democracy — that cur- 
ricula must be so ordered as to stress American ideals and government. 
The plan is outlined in a circular issued by the Superintendent of 
Schools, entitled "Requirements for Graduation from High Schools," 
which embodies the underlying principles of the "unit system" sug- 
gested by Principal Charles D. Larkins, of Manual Training High 
School, chairman of a committee of the High School Principals' Asso- 
ciation, in 1914. It displaces the uniform system of studies adopted in 
1902, revised in 1907 and thereafter. 

In answer to a recent questionnaire sent out by the Associate Superin- 
tendent in Charge of High Schools, teachers expressed themselves as agreed 
that the grouping plan of required and elective subjects now in force possesses 
six distinct advantages: (1) the school program is rendered flexible; (2) 
science and mathematics can be substituted for languages; (3) transfer of 
pupils is facilitated; (4) college entrance programs are more easily planned; 
(5) the interest of the pupil is aroused and sustained; (6) there are fewer 
"misfit" programs. 

Differentiation of Studies — General, Commercial, Technical 

The initial organization of specialized high schools to care for a 
rapidlj' increasing register committed the city to a differentiation 
in subjects taught, and in methods of teaching. In 1916 about three- 
fourths of all high school instruction was in the traditional non-voca- 
tional subjects; about one- fourth was vocational — i. e., commercial, 
technical, manual. While the greater part of the non-vocational teach- 
ing was in the so-called general high schools (including those that em- 
phasize college preparatory work), a large part of it was in the special- 
ized commercial, technical and manual training schools. Each high 
school today, under this system, has its own program of studies, the 
result of the cumulative constructive labor of principal and teachers 
through a series of years. The content, order and emphasis of each 
subject is detailed in a syllabus, prepared usually by a committee of 
teachers, tested experimentally, revised from time to time, and finally 
submitted for adoption by the Board of Superintendents. Such syllabi 
are under constant revision, and some of them are identical with 
those adopted by the State Education Department. 

22 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 23 

The state education law (sec. 848) provides that it shall be the duty of 
the Board of Education in a city to authorize the general course of study 
which shall be given in the schools, and to approve the content of such 
courses before they become operative. The law provides, moreover, that the 
Board of Superintendents in a city shall prepare the content of such course, 
recommend the course to the Board of Education for approval, and after ap- 
proval cause the course to be used in the schools for which it is authorized. 
The by-laws of the Board of Education (Sec. 7) provide for putting these 
provisions of the education law into effect. 

Supplying the Needs of the Individual 

The graduation requireinents adopted in 1916 were based upon the 
fundamental principle that diversity of talent, aptitude and aim in 
pupils can be met only through a flexible group of electives extending 
through the entire course, so arranged as to avoid the forced repeti- 
tion by pupils of subjects for which they have proved themselves un- 
fitted. Selections from each group are made by pupils individually 
under the expert guidance of teachers, with whom the pupils are 
brought into intimate and sympathetic contact. Pupil effort is jius 
concentrated where it will do the most good, and desultory or hap- 
hazard choosing of subjects is discouraged. 

Promotion by subject has become perfected and program making 
in each school under a corps of trained experts is an exact science. 
An effort has been made to strengthen student esprit de corps by ex- 
cluding those who, because of indolence or other sufficient cause, fail 
to sustain themselves. 

Enrichment and Adjustment of the Curriculum 

In 1908 the teachers in the high schools of New York City began 
to think constructively and in an organized way on the content, method 
of treatment and vocational adaptability of the subjects in the curricu- 
lum. A great impetus was given to this movement by the research of 
the Committee on Revision of the High School Course of Study of 
the High School Teachers Association, under the chairmanship of 
Walter H. Eddy, of the High School of Commerce. This work was 
initiated by John L. Tildsley, President of the association, in 1908, and 
was concluded under the presidency of Arthur L. Janes. The prin- 
ciple underlying the committee's recommendations was that pupils 
should concentrate their major effort upon a few worth-while sub- 
jects, developed in an orderly and concise manner. 

The keen spirit of inquiry and experiment on the part of high 
school teachers was kept consistently alive. In 1912 the High School 
of Commerce made the study of the daily newspaper a feature of 
the course in English, and the following year magazines were intro- 
duced. In 1913 in the same school mathematics was revised to fit a 
commercial career, and history was correlated in a practical manner 
with the national election. In 1913, in Jamaica, Latin and German 
were taught by the direct method ; in Wadleigh a home-craft course 
was established ; in Stuyvesant mathematics was made more 
directly practical in the first two years, and in the fourth 
year boys were permitted to specialize in such subjects as power 
plant drafting, mechanical and electrical engineering, foundry prac- 
tice, machine shop practice, forging and farm carpentering. In 1914 a 
committee of the High School Principals' Association, under the 
chairmanship of Charles D. Larkins, of Manual Training High School, 
recommended to Associate Superintendent Meleny a special course of 
study for the first term pupils, and this plan was approved by the 



24 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

High School Teachers' Association. Principal Larkins also submit- 
ted a comprehensive grouping plan of studies covering four years, 
based upon a "sixteen unit" requirement for graduation. A syllabus 
in household economy, based upon the homecraft course in Wadleigh, 
was adopted. A revised course for commercial _ classes in general 
high schools (small mixed schools and commercial classes in girls 
schools) viras agreed upon, as a compromise between the recommen- 
dations of two different committees of commercial teachers. 

General Four Year's Course — The Seventeen Unit Plan 

The purpose of instruction in the general high schools is to train 
the pupil primarily by liberal studies to Hve the life of an intelligent and 
useful American citizen. Liberalizing studies are those which, while 
non-vocational, develop in the pupil vision, the ability to analyze and 
organize, to attack and solve new problems. A secondary purpose of 
these schools is to prepare for college and for professional and techni- 
cal schools. 

For purposes of selection, all subjects taught in the High Schools 
are arranged in the following groups : 



1. 


English 


8. 


Domestic Art* 


7.. 


First Foreign Language 


9. 


Domestic Science* 


?>. 


Second Foreign Language 


10. 


Manual 


4. 


Third Foreign Language 


11. 


Commercial 


^. 


Mathematics 


12. 


Stenography- 


6. 


Natural and Physical Science 


13. 


Physical Training 


7. 


Social Science 


14. 


Music 



IS. Drawing and Fine Arts 
* Domestic art and domestic science may be considered as one group. 

Pupils are graduated from the general high schools upon comple- 
tion of eight units of required work, and nine units of elective work. 

The eight units required are selected as follows : 

English 3 units 

American History and Civics 1 unit 

European History (January, 1922) 1 unit 

Economics Y2 unit 

Community Civics Vz unit 

Physical training (as prescribed by state law); drawing (2 periods a 

week for 2 years); music (1 period a week for 1 year) 2 units 

8 units 
The nine units of electives are selected : 

From one group 3 units 

From a second group 2 units 

From a third group 2 units 

Additional from any group or groups 2 units 

9 units 

By a "unit" is meant the satisfactory completion of five periods of pre- 
pared work, in one year, one period of unprepared work to be considered as 
equivalent to one-half a period of prepared work. A "group" includes_ all 
the courses enumerated in a single field, or in more than one field if joined 
together. 

The completion of the total of seventeen units of prepared work requires 
the attendance upon recitations, the doing of assigned tasks, the passing of 
satisfactory tests, and the passing of the New York state examinations (or 
examinations equivalent) in English (3 units), American History and Civics 
(1 unit), and in other prepared subjects (S units). Sixty per cent, is the 
passing mark in all subjects. Each graduate must pass an examination in oral 
English, must be shown by the school records to possess a good moral char- 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 25 

acter, and must sign a pledge of loyalty to the United States. Pupils enter- 
ing from another school in which the New York state examinations are not 
given need not take the New York state examinations in the subjects passed 
in the former school. Ratings gvien by the College Entrance Examination 
Board will be accepted in lieu of the state examination in those subjects. 
The course must be completed within a period of six years of school at- 
tendance. 

Adaptation of the Seventeen Unit Plan in Typical Schools 

The curriculum of any high school at any given time represents 
the individual interpretation given by that particular school to the 
general course of study prescribed by the Board of Education. Within 
those general limitations each Principal is encouraged to develop de- 
tails adapted to the specific character and problems of his school. 
The broad provisions of the grouping plan of studies have encouraged 
local experiments in methods, while conserving unity of aim and 
effort. The building of the curriculum for each school becomes an 
individual educational project by which the personality of the school 
and its teachers gives form and feature to the bare skeleton of the 
general prescription. 

Each high school has a course of study of its own. Detailed 
information regarding the course is made available by frequent pub- 
lication in the school Hand-books; special features of professional 
interest appear from time to time in the Bulletin of High Points; 
surveys of work under way, appraisal of results, and projected plans 
are the subJect of extended reports made by the Principals to the 
Associate Superintendent assigned to High Schools. Comments on 
these reports, and excerpts from them, are published in the Annual 
Report of the Superintendent of Schools. 

In New York City the "general four-year course" is given in 
DeWitt Clinton, Eastern District, Erasmus Hall, Evander Childs, 
Far Rockaway, Flushing, George Washington, Girls', Jamaica, Man- 
ual Training, Morris, Newtown, New Utrecht, Richmond Hill, Wad- 
leigh and Washington Irving. 

The general four-year course offers thorough instruction and 
training in general subjects ; it also prepares for admission to college, 
and to training schools for teachers, and to nearly all professional 
schools. In each school pupils who expect to enter higher institutions 
must select those subjects that are specifically required by the insti- 
tutions they expect to enter. In each school teachers are assigned to 
advise pupils in the choice of electives. In most of the high schools 
offering the general course there are electives in commercial subjects 
in the third and fourth years; in many of the schools there are elec- 
tive courses for girls in domestic science and art. 

The tabular presentation of the distribution of studies in two 
typical general high schools, illustrates in an interesting way the man- 
ner in which the grouping plan functions in courses of study already 
crystallized through years of slow formation. 

Boys' High School, the oldest public high school for boys in 
New York City, is primarily a college preparatory school of con- 
servative type, with a curriculum closely aligned with the require- 
ments of the state Regents and the College Entrance Examination 
Board. It is traditionally a stronghold of the humanities and of 
mathematics. 



26 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Distribution of Subjects in Boys' High School, 
(Adapted from B. H. S. Hand-Book, 1919.) 
Figures refer to numbers of periods per week. 
Terms: I II III IV 



VI 

4 
1 

5 
5 
S 
S 



VII VIII 

4 4 



5 or 



5(Sx) 
5 



English 5 4 4 4 

Elocution 1 1 1 

French 5 5 5 5 

German 5 5 5 5 

Spanish 5 S S 5 

Latin 5 5 S 5 

Elementary algebra 5 S 

Intermediate algebra 

Advanced algebra 

Plane geometry 

Solid geometry 

Trigonometry 

European history 

American history and civics 

Economics 

Community civics 5 

Biology 

Physics 

Chemistry . . 5 5 

Drawing 2 2 2 2 

Music 1 1 1 1 

Physical Training S 5 5 5 5 S 5 5 

Wadleigh High School, the oldest girls' high school in Manhattan, 
prepares for advanced institutions, at the same time offering a home- 
craft course and commercial electives. 

Distribution of Elective Subjects in Wadleigh High School 

(The Wadleigh Hand-Book, 1920-21.) 

Figures refer to numbers of periods per week. 

Years: I II III IV 

1. First foreign language 5 S S S 

2. Second foreign language 5 S S 

3. Third foreign language . , 5 S 

4. Mathematics : 

(a) Commercial and household arithmetic 5 

(b) Algebra 5 or 5 

(c) Geometry 5 or S 

(d) 1/2 Intermediate algebra .. S or S 

(e) J4 Advanced algebra . . S or 5 

5. Natural and Physical Science: 

(a) Biology 5 

(b) General science 5 . . . . . . 

(c) Chemistry S or S or S 

(d) Advanced biology (Sanitation) S or S 

(e) Physics . . 5 or 5 

(f ) Physiography . . 5 or S 

(g) Advanced botany . . 5 or 5 

6. Domestic Art and Science: 

(a) 2/5 Cooking 3 3 

(b) 2/5 Sewing 2 2 

(c) J4 Household management .. 5 or 5 

(d) 2/5 Millinery 2 or 2 or 2 

(e) Care and remodeling of clothing 2 or 2 or 2 

(f) 1/2 Solid geometry .. .. 5 

(g) Vi Trigonometry . . . . 5 

7. Commercial branches: 

(a) Stenography . . 5 or 5 

(b) J4 Typewriting 5 or 5 

(c) Commercial geography . . 5 or 5 

8. Drawing and Fine Arts. 

(a) Applied design 5 5 5 

(b) 2/5 Costume design 2 or 2 

(c) 1/5 Intermediate drawing .. 2 or 2 

9. Music: 

(a) 2/5 Rudiments of music 2 or 2 

(b) 3/5 Dictation and Melody writing 3 or 3 

(c) 3/5 Elementary harmony 3 or 3 

(d) 4/5 History of Music and Appreciation 4 or 4 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 27 

10. Vocation Study S or 5 or 5 or 5 

11. % Social Efficiency .. 5 or 5 

12. ^ Community Civics (elective until June. 1923)... 5 

13. 1/10 Current History 1 or 1 or 1 or 1 

14. Ancient or modern history 5 

The girls of Bay Ridge High School arc furnished with a similar 
tabular presentation, in which is shown the subdivision of studies 
under the several groups, and the distribution through eight suc- 
cessive terms. This school, like Wadleigh, while stressing college 
preparation, offers a broadly cultural course which includes home 
economics and commercial subjects as well as those required for en- 
trance to advanced institutions. 

Pupil Guidance Under the Grouping Plan 
The freedom of choice of subjects under the grouping plan has 
given a broader opportunity to Principals, grade advisors, graduation 
class advisors, and vocational experts, particularly in the larger schools, 
In Boys' High School every effort is made to develop in the boys 
an appreciation of their own responsibility in planning their future 
school life. The senior class advisor addresses the boys in the first 
term assemblies, and interviews personally all prospective graduates in 
the sixth term, and follows these boys term by term through the re- 
mainder of their course. Boys are advised to plan in the first two 
years courses that will count toward graduation from any high school, 
and toward entrance to any college. Two programs of this type are: 
First Year Second Year 

English English 

Algebra Plane Geometry 

First Language First Language 

Com. Civics % Biology 14 

Biology Yz European History 5^ 

Minors Minors 

After second year boys whose future is definite determined and 
who expect to enter advanced institutions are advised to plan their 
own programs with the help of a table of maximum entrance re- 
quirements for each vocational course. Such a table, compiled from 
the announcements of the more important eastern colleges and pro- 
fessional schools, follows : 

Course Terms in HiRh School 

Language Mathematics Science Units 

Arts 12 6 2 17.6 

Science 10 8 4 18.4 

Engrineering 6 9 6 17.8 

Architecture 6 9 4 16.9 

Agriculture 6 6 6 16.6 

Commerce 10 6 2 16.6 

Optometry 10 8 4 18.4 

Law 6 6 2 16.8 

Medicine 10 6 4 17.6 

Dentistry 10 6 6 18.6 

Typical third and fourth year pupil programs, based upon these 
maximum vocational requirements and upon the distribution of sub- 
jects in Boys' High School, are as follows : 

Third Year Fourth Year 
ARTS— 

English. Eur. History J^, U. S. His- English, U. S. History J4, Eco- 

tory 14, 1st Lang.. 2nd Lang., Int. nomics ^-2. 1st Lang., 2nd Lang., 1 

Algebra ^, Phy. Trng. Elective, Phys. Trng. 

SCIENCE 

English, Eur. History y^, U. S. His- English, U. S. History V2, Eco- 

tory l4, 1st Lang., 2nd Lang., Int. nomics yi, 2nd Lang., Solid Geometry 

Algebra J^, Trigonometry 5^, Phys. ^. Adv. Algebra J^, Physics, Phys. 

Trng. Trng. 



28 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



ENGINEERING— 

English, Eur. History J4, U. S. His- English, U. S. History Yz, Eco- 
tory Yz, 1st Lang.. Int. Algebra Y2, nomics Y2, Solid Geometry Y, Adv. 



Trigonometry J4, Physics. Phys. Trng. 

ARCHITECTURE— 

English, Eur. History Yi, U. S. His- 
tory J4. 1st Lang., Int. Algebra Y2, 
Trigonometry Yt Physics, Phys. Trng. 



Algebra Y2 , 
Phys. Trng. 



Chemistry, 1 Elective, 



English, U. S. History Y2, Eco- 
nomics Y2< Solid Geometry Y2, Adv. 
Algebra Ys- Mech. Drawing, 1 Elec- 
tive, Phys. Trng. 



English, U. S. History Y2, Eco- 
nomics Y2, 2 Electives, Phys. Trng. 



English, U. S. History Yz, Eco- 
nomics Y2, 1st Lang, (for A. B.), 2 
Electives, Phys. Trng. 

English, U. S. History Y2, Eco- 



AGRI CULTURE— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory Yit 1st Lang., 1 Elective, Phys. 
Trng. 

COMMERCE— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory Yiy 1st Lang., 1 Elective, Phys. 
Trng. 

OPTOMETRY— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory Y^ Int. Algebra, 2 Electives, nomics Y2, 2 Electives, Phys. Trne. 
Phys. Trng. 

LAW— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory Yi- 3 Electives, Phys. Trng. 

MEDICINE*— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory J^, 1st Lang., Physics, 2 Elec- 
tives, Phys. Trng. 

DENTISTRY**— 

English, Eur. History Y2, U. S. His- 
tory Y- 1st Lang., Physics, 2 Elec- 
tives, Phys. Trng. 



English, 
nomics ; 



U. S. History Yz, Eco- 
, 2 Electives, Phys. Trng. 



English, U. 
nomics Y2, 
Phys. Trng. 



English, U. 
nomics Y, 
Phys. Trng. 



S. History 
Chemistry, 1 



S. History 
Chemistry, 1 



'2, Ejo- 
Elective, 



Y2, Eco- 
Elective 



* Electives must include two sciences; course must be followed by two 
years college work. 

** Electives must include three sciences; course must be followed by one 
year college work after January, 1921. 

The guidance of boys for vocations, including those v/ho do not 
intend to enter higher institutions and those who do not complete the 
course, is a matter of great difficulty, since there is great divergence 
of opinion as to the relative value of subjects. The principal and 
teachers of the DeWitt Clinton High School have made a noteworthy 
attempt to furnish this guidance on a comprehensive scale. Specialized 
courses of study recommended by the faculty and based upon the 
current school program are suggested for the following twenty-two 
vocations, and a teacher-advisor is named for each course. 
Teaching Commercial Art 

Law West Point and Annapolis 

Journalism Music 

Pharmacy Forestry 

Dentistry Agriculture 

Medicine Civil Engineering 

Public Service or Politics Chemical Engineering 

Manager or Salesmanship Mining Engineering 

Accounting Electrical Engineering 

Stenographer or Secretary Mechanical Engineering 

Physical Director Sanitary Engineering 

Typical programs recommended for boys who intend to become 
teachers, physical directors, musicians and foresters, are as follows : 

Teaching— ^'English, 1-8; Mathematics 1-4 (correlated with emphasis on 
algebra and geometry); Latin 1-4; French 1-4; Science IG, 2G (General 
Science); Science 3A, 4A (Chemistry of common things); Science S-6 (Physics); 
Science 4x (Theoretical chemistry); Economics; Community civics 1-2; His- 
tory 1-2 (Ancient); History 3-4 (European); History S-6 (American History 
and *Civics). 

Physical Director — *English 1-8; Mathematics 1-4 (Correlated with _ empha- 
sis on algebra and geometry); Latin 1-2; French 1-6; **Science 1-2 (Biology); 
Science 3A, 4A (Chemistry of common things); Science S-6 (Physics); **Sci- 
ence 9-10 (Biology); Economics; Community civics 1-2; History 1-2 (European); 
History 3-4 (European); History S-6 (American History and Civics). 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 29 

Music — English 1-8; Mathematics 1-2 (Correlated with emphasis on alge- 
bra and geometry); Italian 1-3; Economics; French 1-6; Science IG, 2G (Gen- 
eral science); *Science SS (Theory of sound); 'Dictation and melody 1-2; 
*Elementary harmony 1-2; *History and appreciation of music, 1-2; Commu- 
nity civics 1-2; History 1-2 (European); History 3-4 (European); History 5-6 
(American History and Civics). 

Forestry — English 1-8; 'Mathematics 1-4 (correlated with emphasis on alge- 
bra and geometry) ; 'Mathematics S (Intermediate algebra) ; "Mathematics 7 
(Trigonometry) ; 'Mathematics 6 (Advanced algebra) ; 'Mathematics 8 (Solid 
geometry); 'Science 1-2 (Biology); 'Science 3-4 (Chemistry); "Science 5-6 
(Physics); 'Science 4X (Theoretical Chemistry); Economics; Community civics 
1-2; History 1-2 (European); History 3-4 (European); History S-6 (American 
History and Civics). 

In each specialized course, subjects of special, importance are marked with 
an asterisk (*), those of greater importance with a double asterisk ("), and 
subjects required for graduation are printed in heavy type. Boys failing in a 
subject marked with a. single asterisk (*) are advised to give serious con- 
sideration to another vocation. 

In Morris High School six parallel courses are offered, based 
on six major interests. Of these courses, four — the Classical, 
Modern Language, Mathematics and Science courses — are general ; 
and two — the Business and Hiousehold Arts courses — are voca- 
tional. These courses are tabulated in parallel columns for pupil 
guidance, and are annotated with respect to college entrance and 
vocational requirements. Curtis High School offers three model college 
entrance courses, basesd on the general course of study — a Model 
Course with Two Foreign Languages, a Model Course without a 
Second Foreign Language, and a Model Course with Commercial 
Electives; also two supplementary vocational courses — a secretarial 
course and a bookkeepers' course. Jamaica High Schoool has prepared 
a series of exhaustive graduation plans and accompanying term plans 
which provide for the adjustment of pupils' programs to the Regents' 
examinations and to college entrance requirements and vocational 
needs. Varying types of pupils are served by means of devices known 
as the special subject plan, the extension term plan, the short term 
plan, the make-up term plan, and the modified subject plan. 



Commercial Courses 

The purpose of the specialized courses of study in the high schools 
of New York City is to meet the vocational needs of pupils who are 
not fitted by aptitude, or permitted by circumstance, to follow the 
general four years' course. 

The special aim of the commercial courses is to prepare boys and 
girls for early participation in business. The subjects, clerical in 
the one-year course, are extended in the three and four-year courses 
to include the scientific principles of commerce. In all commercial 
courses the general requirements in English and the social sciences 
insures a proper balance of culture and general training. In 1920 7 
percent, of all the pupils in the New York high schools were registered 
in commercial courses. 

There are five predominantly commercial high schools in .New York 
City — the Commercial High School and High School of Commerce for 
boys, Julia Richman and Girls Commercial for girls, and Theodore 
Roosevelt for boys and girls. In Washington Irving High School the 
commercial course is of equal importance with the general and techni- 
cal courses. Commercial courses, or isolated commercial subjects, are 
taught, however, in all the high schools with the exception of Boys and 
Stuyvesant. . . 



30 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

A four-year commercial course is offered in Bay Ridge, Bryant, 
Bushwick, Commercial, Girls Commercial, High School of Commerce, 
Julia Richman and Theodore Roosevelt; a three-year commercial 
course in Bryant, Commercial, Curtis, Eastern District, Evander Childs, 
Far Rockaway, Flushing, George Washington, Girls', Girls' Commer- 
cial, Jamaica, Julia Richman, Morris, Newtown, New Utrecht, Rich- 
mond Hill and Washington Irving; a one-year commercial course in 
Bryant, Bushwick, Commercial, Curtis, Evander Childs, Far Rockaway, 
Jamaica, Julia Richman, Newtown, Richmond Hill and Theodore 
Roosevelt. 

The course of study for Commercial High School, adopted Jan- 
uary 2, 1900, was extended from three to four years in 1911, although a 
special three-year course continues to be offered, and there is a one- 
year_ course for boys who are compelled to enter business as early as 
possible. Eight subjects are specified as required in each of the four 
years, one elective is allowed in each of the first two years, and three 
electives in each of the last two years. 

Distribution of Subjects in Commercial High School 

The groups of three figures refer to the numbers of prepared recitations, 
unprepared recitations, and study periods respectively, in each subject per 
week. Electives are designated by an asterisk (*). 

Years: I II m ly 

English 3. 1, 1 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Community Civics 3, 1, 1 , 

Commercial History of Europe 3, 1, 1 

American History and Civics 3, 1, 1 

Economics 3,1,1 

Business Calculation 3,1,1 

Business Practice and Accounting* , 0, S, 

Bookkeeping 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Penmanship 0, 4, 

Accounting* 0, 5, 

Stenography* 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Typewriting 0,4,0 0,5,0* 

Commercial Law (^) 3,1,1 

Social Problems (54) 3, 1, 1 

General Science and Hygiene 3, 1, 1 

Commercial Geography 3, 1, 1 

Raw Materials 0, 2, 

Chemistry (Commercial) 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1* 

Physics* 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Biology 3,1,1 

Algebra* 3,1,1 3,1,1 

Geometry* 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Arithmetic (Review) 

French* 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Spanish* 3. 1, 1 3, 1, 1 3, 1, 1 

Commercial Design 0,2,0 0,2,0 0,5,1* 

Mechanical Drawing and Construction* 0, 5, 0, 5, 0, 5, 

Music 0,1,0 0,1,0 

Physical Training 0, 3, 0, 3, 0, 3. 0, 2, 

The four-year course in the High School of Commerce is the 
result of eighteen years of continuous experimenting by successive 
principals and teachers, and is highly specialized. The aim is "to build 
up on a foundation of mercantile accounts a training in business organi- 
zation and practice which will fit young men for employment in the 
more progressive types of business organization in this community." 
The course was first adopted in 1902, was revised in 1906, 1915 and 
1918, and is still in an experimental stage. The course follows a group- 
ing plan similar in form to that prescribed for the general high schools. 
For graduation, 19.7 units of work are required, of which 12.7 are 
specified requirements and 7 are electives selected 3 from one group, 2 
from another group and 2 from any of the groups. The 12.7 units 
required are distributed as follows : 



3, 


1, 


1 


3, 


1, 


1 


0, 


3. 





3, 


1, 


1 


3, 


1, 


1 


0, 


5, 


0^ 


0, 


5, 






WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 



31 



Year I 

English 9 

Civics 1.0 

Mercantile Accounts 1.0 

Typewriting S 

Commercial Design 2 

Music 1 

Physical Training and Hygiene 5 

Histsry 

Economics 

12.7 

Distribution of Subjects in the High School of Commerce 

(Compiled from "The Commerce Hand-book," 1920) 

Electives are designated by an asterisk (*), figures refer to numbers of 

periods per week: 



II 


III 


IV 


Total 


.9 


.9 


.9 


3.6 
1.0 


.0 






2.0 
.5 


.?. 






.4 


.1 






.2 


.3 


.5 


.5 


2.0 




1.0 


1.0 


2.0 




1.0 




1.0 



10. 



11. 



Terms: I 

English 

English 5 

Elocution 

Commercial Branches 

Mercantile Accounts (inc. 

Arithmetic) S 

*Business Organization . . . . 

*Law 

Stenography 

Typewriting and Office 

Practice S 

* Stenography and Type- 
writing 

Economics 

Commercial geography ... 5 
Theory of Economics 

'Foreign and Domestic 

Trade 

"Marketing and Mer- 
chandising 

"Industrial Organization.. .. 

"Banking and Insurance.. .. 

•Transportation 

"Foreign Trade 

History and Civics 

Civics and Vocational 

Studies 5 

•Commercial History 

History (European) 

History (American) 

Modern Languages 

"German, French, Spanish. 5 

Science 

•General Science 5 

"Chemistry 

•Physics 

"Materials of Commerce.. .. 

Mathematics 

"Mathematics 

Arithmetic 

Commercial Art 

Commercial Design 2 

Physical Training 

Physical Training and 

Hygiene 5 

Music 

Music 



II 



III IV 



V 



VI VII VIII 



In this experimental course mercantile accounts, with arithmetic, is 
fundamental, while merely routine bookkeeping, stenography and type> 
writing are of secondary importance. Typewriting and office practice, 
however, are stressed early in the course for the benefit of boys who 
leave at the end of the first year. The theory of economics is devel- 
oped in the third year, clearing the way for a variety of electives in 



32 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



economics and commerce the fourth year. Provision is made by means 
of a system of bonuses for graduation at the end of three and one-half 
years. 

In a special circular issued to pupils the course is differentiated 
along the lines of nine vocations: (a) Office assistants; (b) Account- 
ants; (c) Wholesale and retail trade (general); (d) Wholesale and 
retail trade (textiles) ; (e) Wholesale and retail trade (chemical) ; 
(f) Banking, brokerage, insurance; (g) Transportation; (h) Foreign 
trade; (i) Commercial design and advertising. Pupils are encouraged 
to choose a vocation tentatively at the end of the first year, and under 
the guidance of teachers of Civics and Vocational Studies, each pupil's 
course is so shaped as to prepare for the vocation selected. 

The problem of training girls for business was attacked with great 
thoroughness by the principal and teachers of the Julia Richnian High 
School, and there resulted the present course of study, adopted in 
1918. The purpose of the course is to make business subjects the 
core of the course for knowledge and technique, and for culture and 
general training, and to make the work largely elective by groups to 
allow concentration on accounting and secretarial work. There are 
eleven groups of subjects, generally similar to the groups in the High 
School of Commerce, except that mathematics is eliminated and domes- 
tic science is included. The requirement for graduation is 16 units, of 
which 8^ units are specified requirements and 7j^ units elective. 

Distribution of Subjects in Julia Rich man High School 



asterisk (*); figures refer to number of 
II III IV 

5 S S 



Electives are designated by 
periods per week. 

Years: I 

1. English Group 
English S 5 

2. Stenography Group 

^Stenography S 

Typewriting 5 S 

Office Practice 2 

3. Commercial Branches Group 

* Calculations and Accounts S 

*Bookkeeping 5 

*Advanced Commercial Arithmetic 5 

•Elementary Accounting 

^Commercial Credits 

*Statistics 

*Business Organization 

•Commercial Law 

4. Modern Language Group 

*French, German, Spanish S 5 

5. Science Group 

Hygiene 1 1 

•Commercial Biology and Sanitation. . . . S 

•General Science 5 

•Physics 5 

•Chemistry 

•Physiology 

6. Economics and History Group 

Community Civics _ 3 

•Commercial Geography and Industrial His 

tory 35^ 

Modern History 2J^ 

American History and Civics 

Economics 

7 Commercial Art Group 

Drawing 2 

•Household Art 2^ 

•Design 

8. Domestic Science Group 

•Domestic Science 2y2 

•Household Economy 

9. Physical Training S 

10. Music 2 



254 
2J4 

5 
1 



5 

2Y2 

2V2 
"2V2 
S 
1 



5 

5 or 



2J4 



254 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 33 

A special intensive secretarial course of one term is offered to 
graduates of academic high schools and students or graduates of col- 
leges and training schools for teachers. The subjects taught are: 
stenography, 10 periods ; typewriting, 10 periods ; office practice, 3 
periods ; business organization, 3 periods ; commercial English, 3 
periods; physical training, 2 periods. 

The one-year business course, offered in nearly all the high schools 
in which commercial subjects are taught, is designed to benefit the 
large numbers of commercial pupils who leave school prematurely. It 
is expected that the course shall immediately and directly function in 
the job the boy or girl takes on leaving school. The provisions for this 
course, which went into effect February 1, 1919, are : 

Figures refer to number of periods per week. 

Term I Term II 

English 5 5 

Community Service 5 

Local Industries or Stenography S 

Business Calculations and Accounts S 5 

Typewriting S 5 

Office Practice 3 3 

Elementary Science or Commercial Geography S 5 

Commercial Design 2 2 

Physical Training and Hygiene 5 S 

"35 35 

One period each week is devoted to supervised study in each of 
the four major subjects. 

A similar prescribed outline for a three-year commercial course 
is now under consideration by a committee of teachers. 

The one-year outline serves generally as the basis of both the one- 
year and the three-year course in most of the high schools. For 
example, Evander Childs offers the approved one-year course, a three- 
year course with an optional fourth year, and a regular four-year 
business course. In Washington Irving there is a three-year commer- 
cial course, with an optional fourth year, in which pupils at the begin- 
ning of the second year elect work in the bookkeeping branch, or the 
stenography-typewriting and office practice branch, for the remainder of 
the course. In Commercial and in Curtis there are a three-year secre- 
tarial course and a three-year bookkeepers' course. 

The three-year commercial course in New Utrecht may be taken 
as a typical illustration : 

Commercial Three- Year Course in New Utrecht High School 

Figures refer to numbers of periods per week. 

Years: I II III 

English 5 4 4 

Bookkeeping 5 5 

Commercial Arithmetic 5 

Modern Language or Typewriting 5 . . . . 

Stenography 5 5 

Typewriting 4 

Commercial Economics 2 

Language or Science or Mathematics or History II 5 .. 

Law and Salesmanship • • 5 

American History _. _. • • 5 

Language or Bookkeeping or Typewriting • • 5 

Drawing 2 

Civics 2 . . • • 

Physical Training 3 3 3 

Music 1 1 



34 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



New Utrecht offers a general four-year course, a one-year com- 
mercial course and a three-year commercial course. Advanced com- 
mercial subjects are open to academic pupils on the principle that some 
attention to commeixial subjects is necessary in a well-rounded educa- 
tion, and strictly commercial pupils are advised to pay some attention 
to liberal subjects. The policy of New Utrecht is to break down the 
barrier between the strictly academic and commercial subjects by 
judicious combination of the two branches. 

Manual Tra/imng, Technical and Industrial Courses 

The distinctive aims of manual, technical and industrial training 
in the high schools of New York City is to meet the vocational needs 
of those persons who are especially benefited by motor activity and who 
possess an aptitude for mathematics, applied science or constructive arts. 

The specialized four-year manual training, technical and indus- 
trial courses are: Manual training, technical and industrial, in Stuy- 
vesant, Bushwick, Manual Training, Bryant, Newtown and Flushing; 
applied science in Stuyvesant ; technical, in Manual Training; home- 
craft, in Wadleigh; library work, in Washington Irving. The three- 
year courses are : Dressmaking, costume design and millinery, in 
Washington Irving; industrial are (including costume illustration and 
commercial design), in Washington Irving; domestic science and art, in 
girls and mixed high schools other than Wadleigh and Morris. 

The purpose of Stuyvesant High School is "to provide a broad 
training for boys whose aptitude and tastes for mathematics and 
physics suggest the choice of a professional career in some field of 
applied science." Boys in this school may prepare to enter any college 
or technical school, open to high school graduates, or may elect special 
advanced courses in science and thus prepare themselves for employ- 
ment in selected professions upon graduation. Mathematics is in- 
volved in all the characteristic courses in Stuyvesant, and success of 
pupils in this school is dependent upon acquired power to solve practical 
mathematical problems. 

The requirements for graduation from Stuyvesant are distributed 
as follows : 

Terms Units 

English 7 3.5 

One Foreign Language 6 3 . 

Elementary Algebra 1 

Plane Geometry 2 1 

Physics 2 1 

Chemistry or Second Foreign Language 2 1 

History (European and American) 3 1.5 

Community Civics 1 5 

Physiology and Music 1 5 

Gymnasium 4 1 

Mechanic Arts (10 periods a week) 6 3 

Elective 1 S 

Other prepared subjects in Stuyvesant are advanced elocution, 
intermediate algebra, solid geometry, qualitative analysis, quantitative 
analysis, applied mechanics, applied electricity, advanced biology, ad- 
vanced music, advanced physics. 

"Unprepared subjects include joinery, wood-turning, pattern-mak- 
ing, mechanical drawing, machine design, architectural drawing, topo- 
graphic drawing, ship design, freehand drawing, art metal work, 
foundry, building construction, forging, machine shop, instrument 
making. 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 35 

Specific courses of six periods per day, for eight terms, are recom- 
mended for each of the following professions : 

Patent Law Mechanical Engineering 

Dentistry Klcctiical Engineering 

Chemical Engineering Mining Engineering 

Civil Engineering Architecture 

Medicine and Surgery Government Physicist 

The purpose of the technical courses in Manual Training High 
School is to prepare for entrance to technical schools and colleges, and 
also for immediate entrance on graduation into such practical occcupa- 
tions as building construction, surveying, electrical installation and 
shipbuilding. The school is in transition from a manual training high 
school, with the traditional blending of general subjects with a definite 
proportion of shopwork in wood and metal, to that of a real technical 
high school with courses directly vocational. 

The new technical course for boys in Manual Training High School, 
adopted February 1, 1919, is now in force as follows : 

Distribution of Subjects in the Technical Course for Boys in 

Manual Training High School 

(From the Manual Hand-book, 1919-20) 

Figures refer to periods per week; electives are designated by an asterisk (*). 

Years: I II III IV 

English 5 4 4 4 

Mathematics 5 5 5 *5 

Science (Chemistry, Physics) 5 S 

American History and Civics . . . . 5 

Civics 2 

Geography, Industrial 5 

Foreign Language . . *S *5 

Drawing 6 6 2-4 2-4 

Shop 10 10 "e-lO *6-10 

Technical Subjects .. *5-10 *10-20 

Economics (1 term) .. .. *5 

Physical Training and Hygiene 3 3 2 2 

Technical electives include strength of materials, surveying, steam and gas 
engine, generation and distribution of electrical power, alternating current. 

The aim of the technical course in Bushwick is to provide a 
thorough training for boys who do not expect to continue their study 
beyond the high school course. This is not a trade course, but is 
adapted to develop mechanical intelligence, and to provide systematic 
training in the processes fundamental to many industries. It is not 
designed to develop primarily machine workers, but to teach mechan- 
ical drafting, and the construction, operation and repairing of ma- 
chines, so that a technical knowledge of machines and tools, together 
with a general training in related academic subjects, will enable the 
boys to advance rapidly to responsible positions. The course includes 
as an elective special instruction on the gas engine, and the operation 
and repair of automobiles. 

Since February 1, 1920, students in Bushwick in any course have 
been permitted to select special work offered in any other course, 
and work of this kind is credited toward graduation. Students in the 
general course are thus permitted to take work in the commercial 
department or in the shops, and technical students and commercial 
students may drop these subjects and enroll in the academic course. 
This flexibility of the program permits to a large degree the cultiva- 
tion of special interests. 

In Bryant there is a manual training course of four years, and a 
combined commercial and technical course of four years for girls, in 
addition to the general course. Manual training students have six 



36 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

periods of shop work weekly throughout the course, except that in 
the fourth year mathematics may be substituted for shop work. 
Manual training students must have studied at least one foreign 
language for at least three years in order to graduate. Girls who so 
desire may secure a three-year technical diploma after three years of 
satisfactory work in the commercial and technical course. 

The Washington Irving High School is a composite school with 
a general course of four years and commercial and industrial courses 
of three years, with an optional fourth year. There are three in- 
dustrial courses — the dressmaking, costume design and millinery 
course, the home and trade course in food and cookery, and the in- 
dustrial art course. 

Distribution of Subjects in the Three Industrial Courses in 
Washington Irving High School. 

Figures refer to periods per week; electives are designated by an asterisk 
(*). 

Subjects Common in the Three Courses 

Years: I II HI IV 

Optional 

English S 5 S 3 

Physical Training 2 2 2 2 

Elocution 1 

Music 1 

Drawing 2 

Physiology and Hygiene 1 

Community Civics 2 

French, German, Italian or Spanish 5 5 5 5 

American History and Civics • • S 

Additional Subjects in the Dressmaking, Costume Design and 

Millinery Course 

Domestic Science and Art 5 

Elementary Dressmaking 4 .. .. •• 

Costume Design and Dressmaking 20 15 25 

Modern European History* 

Elocution* 

Drawing* 

Music* 

Millinery* 

Costume Illustration* 

Applied Chemistry* 

Biology* 

Science* 

Additional Subjects in the Home and Trade Course in Food and 

Cookery 

Sewing 5 

Cookery 4 .. .. 

Foods and Cookery '■■^ "^^ • • 

Lunch Room Service • • • • ■' 

Biology ^ 

Bookkeeping* ^ 

Typewriting* | 

Household Decoration* ^ . . 

Chemistry* • • -• 

Additional Subjects in the Industrial Art Course 

Domestic Science and Art 5 

aIT^^^'^/^'!.::::::":::""';""^;.--"-'--' .. 26 is 2s 

Modern European History* 

Music* 

Elocution* 

Sewing and Millinery* 

Applied Chemistry* 

Biology* 

Art* 



20 




IS 


5 


or 


S 


5 


or 


S 


5 


or 


5 


5 


or 


5 


5 


or 


5 


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or 


5 


5 


or 


5 


5 


or 


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20 




IS 


S 


or 


5 


5 


or 


5 


5 


or 


S 


S 


or 


5 


5 


or 


S 


S 


or 


5 


5 


or 


5 



WHAT THE HIGH SCHOOLS TEACH 37 

The aim of the dressmaking, costume design and millinery course 

is to give an insight into the modern processes of the dressmaker's 

trade. In the end a girl can design and model the patterns for all 
the gowns she makes. 

The home and trade course in food and cookery prepares a girl 
for an assistant managerial position in homes, hotels, tea-rooms and 
hospitals, and also for the duties of an efficient housewife. 

The industrial art course allows a girl to fit herself definitely for 
costume illustration, commercial design or textile design. There is a 
large commercial field for a girl with an aptitude for this work, and 
every effort is made to bring the student up to trade standards. 

Newtown High School, located on the border of an area of inten- 
sive market gardening in Queens, has developed a unique four-year 
course in Agriculture for the benefit of pupils wishing to make prac- 
tical application of this course on nearby farms, or intending to enter 
a school of agriculture later. 

Part Time Co-operative Classes 

On September 13, 1920, all part time co-operative classes which 
had been conducted in Bay Ridge, Bushwick, Commercial, Erasmus, 
Julia Richman, Manual, Morris, Newtown, Stuyvesant, Theodore 
Roosevelt, and Washington Irving high schools, were transferred, 
with the exception of those in the Manual Training High School, 
to a new co-operative high school in Public School No. 44, 
Manhattan, known as the Haarcn High School. The teachers who 
had been acting as co-ordinators in their respective high schools were 
temporarily assigned to the new school until a permanent organization 
could be effected. Public School 44 is located at Hubert and Collister 
Streets, within three blocks of the Canal Street station on the Seventh 
Avenue subway and within walking distance of the iSixth and Ninth 
Avenue elevated, Broadway and Lexington Avenue subways. The 
aim of the school is to prepare pupils for business in the most prac- 
tical way possible and enable them, at the same time, to earn enough 
money to pay their expenses. 

Both three-year and four-year courses are offered in commercial 
subjects and in merchandising and selling. A diploma is given upon 
the satisfactory completion of any course. 

Pupils are sent out to work every other week in business offices, 
shops, retail and wholesale selling establishments. The outside work 
of pupils is carefully supervised by a co-ordinator and an attempt 
is made to correlate classroom instruction with business experience. 
Pupils are paid for the time that they work in industry, from $10 to 
$20 a week, according to the grade of work done. Many of them 
receive occasional bonuses and commissions. 

'Not only does the school provide an opportunity for pupils to 
enter from elementary schools, but it also encourages graduates of the 
one-year commercial course in other high schools, and graduates of 
Junior high schools, to continue their education on the co-operative 
plan. In addition, an effort is made to reach all pupils who are in 
financial difficulties. 

C. F. W. 



m 

THE PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL 
TEACHING 

There is apparently little doubt that secondary education is on 
the verge of a radical readjustment. 'Almost every department is 
under fire and compelled to defend not only its position, but even its 
existence. Since the trend as a whole is simply a continuation of an 
educational reform inaugurated by our Colonial ancestors, it seems 
worth while to review briefly the foundation of secondary education 
in America before discussing specific tendencies. 

Colonial Latin Grammar Schoolsi 

The same democratic spirit which declared that all men are cre- 
ated free and equal was manifested in the early establishment in 
the American colonies of common schools for all the children of the 
community. In 1633 the first Dutch schoolmaster arrived at Man- 
hattan and the first school tax of four pounds was levied and collected. 
In 1635 the town of Boston, having arrived at the school age of five 
years, employed a public schoolmaster, Philemon Pormort, "for the 
teaching and nurturing of children with us," and opened the Boston 
Latin School, which is now in its two hundred and eighty-sixth year 
of successful work. In 1647 the colony of Massachusetts ordered that 

"every township. . .of fifty householders shall appoint _ one within their towne to 
teach all such children as shall resort to him to write and reade, whose wages 
shall be paid either by the parents or masters of such children, or by the 
inhabitants in general. . . and it is further ordered that where any towne 
shall increase to the number of one hundred families or householders, they 
shall set up a gramer schoole. the master thereof being able to instruct youth 
so farr as they may be fited for the university:." 

Similar grammar schools, whose function was to teach sufficient 
Latin, Greek, and religion for admission to Harvard and other col- 
leges, were maintained in other colonies, and represent the beginning 
of secondary education in America. 

The Private Academy 

Being preparatory solely for a college course leading to the 
ministry or other learned professions, the Latin Grammar School was 
never popular, and the demand for a more liberal education soon led 
to the opening of many private academies animated by a broader, 
freer spirit more in accord with the ideals of the developing Ameri- 
can democracy. The first academy was started in Philadelphia in 
1751 along lines formulated by Benjamin Franklin, and later de- 
veloped into the University of Pennsylvania. The academy was the 
forerunner in the development of the idea of practical secondary edu- 
cation for all classes, and spread so rapidly that by 1830 there were 
more than 500 academies, chiefly in New England, New York and 
Pennsylvania. 

Free Public School Systems 

The success of the private academy along non-classical lines, and 
the willingness of a large part of the people to pay for such instruc- 
tion, seems to have suggested the establishment of the complete free 
public school system as an extension of the district schools. In 1784. 
within a few months after the treaty of peace between Great Britain 
and the United States had been signed, the State of 'New York 
adopted a constitution providing that "The legislature shall provide 

38 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 39 

for the maintenance and support of a system of free common schools 
wherein all the children of this state may be educated." In 1798 
Connecticut passed a law providing for the establishment in any 
school district of a higher school combining the curricula of the 
grammar school and the academy. Before 1820 several states had 
passed laws providing what Huxley called "the great educational 
ladder with one end in the gutter and the other in the university," 
but the actual establishment of a complete system of free public 
schools was very slow and is not fully completed yet in many parts 
of the United States. 

The First High Schools 

Boston was the first city to extend the public school system far 
enough to include the broad general training furnished by the pri- 
vate academies. In 1821 a school was established imder the name 
of "The English Classical School," and later called "The English 
High School," offering a three-year course designed "to give a child 
an education that shall fit him for active life, and shall serve as a 
foundation for eminence in his profession, whether Mercantile or 
Mechanical." 

The rest of the country soon endorsed the idea of a public school 
to prepare for life as well as for college, and after 1860 the growth 
of the high schools was phenomenal. They supplanted the academies, 
as the latter had superseded the grammar schools, because they sat- 
isfied a real need of democratic society. Most of the academies which 
survived became either private boarding schools or special college 
preparatory schools. 

Secondary Education in New York 

One of the most peculiar and interesting phases of the trend of 
American secondary education is to be found in its development in 
the state of New York. The establishment in the state constitution 
in 1784 of the University of the State of New York, with its Board 
of Regents, presents in its full development "the most thoroughly 
organized state system of secondary education yet developed on 
American soil." Based on the conception of a university put forth by 
Diderot and other great French writers of the latter half of the 
eighteenth century, it makes provision for the unification and con- 
trol of all primary, secondary and higher education within the state, 
excepting schools of a purely private character. Its growth has been 
conservative but steady, and has exerted a great influence on later 
state systems. 

In 1847 the Board of Education of New York City requested the 
legislature to authorize the establishment of "a High School or Col- 
lege for the benefit of pupils who have been educated in the public 
schools of the city and county." The memorial presented stated that 

"one object of the proposed free institution is ..to more completely popularize the 
common schools. It is believed that they will be regarded with additional favor 
and attended with increased satisfaction, when the pupils and their parents feel 
that the children who have received their primary education in these schools 
can be admitted to all the benefits and advantages furnished by the best endowed 
college in the state, without any expense whatever." 

In 1849 a Free Academy, authorized 'by a special act of the 
state legislature and ratified by the vote of the people of the city, was 
opened in New York to receive pupils directly from the "academic 
departments" of the common schools, which corresponded to the 
high schools of other states. In 1886 the name of the Academy was 



40 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

changed to "The College of the City of New York," but it still con- 
tinued to admit pupils from the public schools, completing the "edu- 
cational ladder" from the kindergarten to the college degree. In 
1870 a similar school for girls was opened, called at first the Daily 
Female Normal and High School, later the Normal College, and now 
Hunter College. 

The Scope of Secondary Education 

In connection with the development of these secondary and higher 
schools the question arose as to the legitimate scope and extent of 
free public education, many contending that secondary and higher 
education is not a proper field for governmental agency. The legal 
question was settled in the Kalamazoo case in the Supreme Court 
of Michigan,_ where it was decided that "Neither in our state pohcy, 
in our constitution, nor in our laws do we find the primary school 
districts restricted in the branches of knowledge which their officers 
may cause to be taught, or the grade of instruction which may be 
given, if the voters consent in regular form to bear the expense and 
to raise the taxes for the purpose." 

Although we are fully committed to the policy of free education 
in all grades, the question is still open and hotly contested as to what 
subjects, both required and optional, constitute a liberal education, 
and to what extent the capacity of the individual to assimilate in- 
struction should determine the obligation of the state for his educa- 
tion. The general trend at present seems to be away from the old 
general course and toward an early differentiation into specialized 
courses leading to a definite occupation. Ideas as to the quantity, 
quality, and methods of purely cultural training in secondary educa- 
■ tion are still vague and undefined. There is a very distinct tendency, 
however, toward yocational guidance and limitations based on mental 
measurements or intelligence tests for the purpose of preventing the 
pupil from undertaking a line of work for which he is obviously unfit. 
A large part of the failures in high school can be eliminated by 
scientific mental diagnosis and prognosis before high school work is 
begun. The idea of one free public school system for all children alike 
is typically American, and was born and has grown up with our theory 
of democratic equality. It has the same fundamental weakness that 
has vitiated so many similar idealistic projects — the stubborn fact that 
no training, no equality of opportunity, no leveling of environment, no 
enrichment of advantages, can so far modify Nature's endowment as 
to make six-story minds where the Creator put but three. 

We have learned the futility of forcing all types of mentality and 
temperament into one educational mold, and are readjusting our system 
to provide for each pupil the kind of training which will enable him 
to make the most effective development of "the gift which bounteous 
nature hath in him closed." Standardized tests and scientific men- 
tal measurements have shown us how widely and persistently children 
differ in capacity for education, and our greatest problem at present 
is to determine the kind of education necessary to fit each child for 
his proper place in life. 

The practical spirit which prompted the change from the gram- 
mar school and academy is still operating on the high school curri- 
culum_ and will probably bring about further changes in the same 
direction. What the general trend is in each subject is shown in the 
following special articles. 

C. R. J. 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 41 

Agriculture; Community Civics; General Science 

Frank A. Rex ford 

Assigned to Assist in the Supervision of Agriculture, Community Civics 

and General Science 

A department of agriculture is an integral part of the organization 

of a public high school. Such a department is found in the Newtown 

High School. Here are city boys studying agriculture as a part of 

their regular high school work. 

For boys who elect this course in vocational agriculture provision 
is made for at least six months of directed or supervised practice in 
one of two ways : 

(a) Boys preparing to engage in agriculture as a vocation imme- 
diately on graduation from high school are placed on selected 
farms under supervision of the teacher of agriculture during 
the summer months each year. 

(b) For those boys who are taking the course as a preparation 
for entering a college of agriculture the "project method" is 
followed where each boy works out his own problems with 
his own plot of ground or animal project as the case may be 
with the aid and advice of the agricultural instructor. 

Throughout the high schools the teachers of civics are studying 
government as a living organism. Emphasis is being placed on the 
spirit and functions of government rather than on its form. Civics 
has ceased to be a purely informational subject. Special attention is 
given to the activities of government and to the reciprocal obligations 
of government and the citizen. The boys and girls of the high schools 
are taught that they are citizens. 

Every effort is put forth to create a spirit of co-operation in gov- 
ernmental affairs. We, the people, pay and it is our duty to partici- 
pate. Is there waste? Someone is responsible and that someone 
is our representative. 

If in our teaching of civics we do not develop fine ideals of 
American citizenship we are failing in our duty. 

Some specific aims of the course as outlined in the syllabus are: 

(1) To train the pupil to observe more carefully and to 
understand more clearly organized government. 

(2) To enable the individual to think straight on civic 
problems. 

(3) To arouse an interest in our community affairs and in- 
stil an appreciation of the benefits accruing to the individual 
through community action. 

(4) To create in the pupil a desire not merely to reciprocate 
by fulfilling his obligation to the community, but to give ever the 
last full measure of devotion. 

(5) To inculcate American ideals. 

General Science as the name implies, seeks to supply the first 
year high school student with such scientific knowledge as will be 
useful to him in his every day life, and, at the same time, form a 
basis for future intensive scientific study should he so elect. 

The course has been in operation in fourteen high schools since 
September, 1918. A committee has been working on outlines and 
syllabi during the past two years. It is probable that the results of 
their work will be reported soon. 



42 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Art 

James Parton Haney 

Director of Art In High Schools 

It is a mistaken idea to hold that art is the business only of 
tihe artist. As a matter of fact, the principles of art touch every 
individual and are used more or less consciously by all. The house- 
wife has to decorate her home. She may use the principles of decora- 
tion well or ill, but use them she must, in the adornment of her house, 
in her clothes, and even in the flowers which she plants in her garden 
or hangs in her window boxes. 

The business man cannot escape from the use of art's principles 
for a single day. If he would "dress" a shop window, get up a circu- 
lar, design a letter-head, or arrange a newspaper advertisement, he 
must consciously or unconsciously use the rules which art has devised 
in design, color and arrangement. 

Art, in other words, is not for "the few." It is for "the many," 
for the many have to use it. It is not held that the training of the 
high schools will produce artists, but it is held that it will raise the 
standards of taste throughout the community. Higher standards of 
taste mean advance along many lines. We cannot have a people with 
such standards without an effect on trade. People who know better 
things, demand better things. Thus the art teaching of the public 
schools has a practical relation to the business interests of the 
community. 

Besides this, there is a civic value in art teaching. One cannot 
raise standards of taste without having that taste affect civic inter- 
ests. The man or woman who strives to make his house better takes 
pride in having his town made better. Every civic "booster" knows 
that there is nothing which stimulates the interest and pride of citi- 
zens more than a consciousness of the growing beauty of the town 
in which they live. 

The art teaching of our high schools is founded on the beliefs 
expressed above. Every device is used to cause the entire group of 
teachers to work as a unit, and every device is used to cause the in- 
dividual to do independent thinking and contribute the result of such 
thinking to the good of the whole. What is sought is unity, not 
uniformity. 

The general course of study aims to train taste in "the many," 
but dozens of specialized courses have been introduced to capture the 
talented. Competitions have been encouraged, scholarships multiplied, 
a score of outside organizations affiliated with the department, trade 
advisers have been brought in, and aesthetic standards in every 
school tried against the best work of the best teachers. 

The service of the individual to the group has been made a test 
of efficiency, and every art teacher made to realize the duty of the 
group to aid in distant fields. iN'ew York City is a cynosure. Its 
work is known and studied by a hundred other cities. An unseen 
audience follows every success. The raising of local standards aids 
teachers in far distant schools and thus the members of our art de- 
partment share a genuine responsibility. They are teachers of teach- 
ers, and teachers of a public extending far beyond their ken. I believe 
my associates keenly reahze this responsibility, and that they perform 
this service with a constantly growing professional pride in its well- 
doing. 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 43 

Biology 

George C. Wood 

Commercial High School 

The question of the teaching of biology for its own sake has been 
settled as far as secondary education is concerned. In spite of this, 
many reasons formerly given for the presentation of biological facts 
and principles from the standpoint of their scientific and disciplinary 
values are still valid and ever will be so long as science is recognized 
as fundamental to world progress. In fact, there are at the present 
moment broader grounds for insisting upon accuracy of observation 
and greater powers of generalization than at any former time. The 
complex life of to-day with its attendant dangers demands a proper 
understanding of life principles and processes because of their obvious 
bearing upon individual well-being and efficiency and their powerful 
influence upon the outlook of the individual, as developed and changed 
from day to day in his contact with other individuals in the community. 
From this standpoint, biology takes first rank with any and all sub- 
jects either as to content or methods of presentation. 

The thorough-going teacher of biology knows that the scientific 
value of biology is of a high order. He or she also knows that new 
individual and community problems of a biological nature are justly 
claiming our attention. Biology had addressed itself to the solving 
of those problems in terms of the education of the individual. 

Evolution, the now stalwart offspring of biological investigation, 
has profoundl}^ influenced every line of institutional growth and 
miracles have been wrought through a proper understanding and ap- 
plication of its underlying principle to every activity of life. And 
it is no less a remarkable fact that the parent itself has through 
the work of its intelligent advocates, adapted itself to the work of ac- 
tually solving these ^ever-pressing problems of individual and public 
health and well-being. To-day, biology stands as a broad, efficient 
and modern humanizing subject and the essence of its teachings is 
service to the individual and service by the individual to the welfare 
of the community and the state. 

For this reason biology is fundamental to all human endeavors 
because it is a study of Life and Life Relations. Without life there 
can be no activity and no purpose. Without wholesome and complete 
life conditions there can be no steady progress or complete achieve- 
ment, either for the individual or the race. Grant that the physiological 
well-being of the individual is all important (and there are few who 
do not accept this at present) it follows that all progress in Applied 
science, art, literature, industry, education, government, religion and 
in the home must be fundamentally related to the principles of applied 
biology. 

For this very reason, there has been a marked change in the 
content and methods of presentation of biology during the last dozen 
years. Through this change, some have claimed that the subject has 
lost something of its value as a science. If this be granted, it is, 
however, undeniably true that it has immeasureably gained as a prac- 
tical alleviator of physical ills, and a messenger of happiness and 
well-being. It has entered every home through a multitude of ave- 
nues little suspected by the average citizen. Government — federal, 
state and city — all contribute in a general insistence upon better living 
conditions. Corporations have assumed responsibility for the health 
and efficiency of their employes and philanthropic organizations the 



44 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

country over are competing for a chance to do big things to aid the 
pubHc school in its noble work of increasing human happiness through 
a proper understanding and practice of the simple laws of hygiene 
and health. 

All these authoritative and philanthroipic and industrial influences 
are being made effective by the personal and persuasive influence of 
the teacher of biology who encourages the youth of the country by 
proper precepts and example to begin life as a healthy animal and 
to function later as a useful citizen. The keynote of biology to-day 
is the conservation of the individual and of the Race through a prac- 
tical knowledge of biological principles put to use in the home and in 
the community. Biology has become an applied science in every valid 
sense of the term. 



Business (Subjects 

Albert G. Belding 

Assigned to Assist in the Supervision of Commercial Subjects. 

While the question as to what constitutes the best training for 
business has been a subject of much discussion and controversy, 
the trend has been constantly in the direction of definite vocational 
curricula for commercial students. Not only have there been important 
modifications of academic subject matter, but there has been a gradual 
shift in the construction of commercial courses of the academic ele- 
ment from the required to the elective group of subjects, and in some 
notable instances the academic subjects have been almost entirely elimi- 
nated. The one-year course, which was authorized for commercial 
students in 1918, is intended primarily to meet the needs of pupils 
who remain in school only a short time. And while it contains none 
of the traditional subjects, except English, we have the testimony of 
at least one of the largest dommercial high schools that this course 
"offers a thoroughly satisfactory foundation upon which the later 
years of a four-year course can be built." 

The high schools offering commercial courses are also beginning 
to recognize not only the diverse aims and aptitudes of students, but 
also the great variety of occupations which will engage these students 
in the future. We have as a result in a number of schools a much 
wider range of subject matter from which students may elect one re- 
lated group of subjects as a preparation for some definite vocation. 
Apart from the usual requirements in English and social science, this 
plan enables students to confine their efforts to correlated subject mat- 
ter, such, for example, as accounting, commercial mathematics, 
economics, and law, as an adequate preparation for counting-room 
work; stenography and typewriting, vocational English, 'office organi- 
zation and practice, as a foundation for secretarial duties; a modern 
language, economic history and geography, and related business pro- 
cedure, to prepare for foreign trade positions. Special groups are also 
offered as a training for wholesale and retail selling, banking, trans- 
portation, and other business activities. While this program offers a 
curriculum of wider scope as a preparation for the manifold activities 
of business life, it also insures more intensive and thorough work 
within such fields of endeavor as the abilities of students permit. 

Another important experiment in vocational training has culminated 
in the part-time or co-operative high school. What has been done 
successfully in industrial and engineering schools is being attempted 
in the New York commercial high schools. Alternate periods of study 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 45 

and office practice hold pupils longer in school ; make them more 
studious, resourceful and self-reliant; give them an earlier start in 
business than they would otherwise obtain, and insure more rapid 
promotion. It is hoped also that this type of school will collect 
and organize material for instruction purposes and provide the means 
whereby commercial teachers may make a first hand study of the 
things which they are supposed to teach ; that it will study apprentice- 
ships and promotions in business to better inform our high schools 
of vocational opportunities for commercial students. 



English. 

Ellen E. Garrigues 

DeWitt Clinton High School 

The tendency in the teaching of English during the last ten 
years has been markedly towards teaching the child rather than the 
subject. Possibly the pendulum has swung as far as it should in 
this direction. We must seek a golden mean. Those constructing 
curricula must beware of so restricting them that they cannot be 
adapted to the needs of each actual child or group of children to be 
taught. However, at least a minimum of attainment of suitable sub- 
ject matter should be required in each grade and is being established 
by many schools. 

The teaching of the vernacular in any country is based on the 
two broad ends of teaching: first, ease in acquiring the ideas of others 
and second, facility in expressing one's own ideas. These two aims 
again divide themselves. Both the power to assimilate and the power 
to express may be acquired either for their practical or their cultural 
value. We may read to gain information or to appreciate beauty. 
We may wish to express ourselves in speech or writing for purely 
vocational or for more social or artistic purposes. We may aim to 
speak and write correctly, or to become orators, actors, or authors. 

A complete course in English might include the most advanced of 
these aims. But time and abilities are limited. A generation ago, 
colleges and high schools left the practical aims of teaching English 
to the home, to elementary schools, and to experience. Secondary 
schools in our large cities can no longer assume so much. The num- 
bers who do not speak English in their homes and the numbers forced 
into high school by the advancing of the compulsory school age, have 
compelled an adaptation of material to very practical needs. 

Elocution has become first, oral English, and latterly, speech im- 
provement. It is more important to the race and to the individual 
that the vocal organs should be properly trained and used than that 
children should recite pieces or even give glib orations. Formal gram- 
mar is taught only as the basis of a strenuous fight against vul- 
garisms, provincialisms, and inaccuracy in speech and writing. In 
literature, a wider range of reading both for class-room study and 
as supplementary to it, has taken the place of the few uniform clas- 
sics prescribed by the colleges as a basis for their cultural teaching. 
The aims in study and reading are to fill up the time a pupil has for 
reading with something good and interesting in order to keep him 
from poorer reading, to widen his vocabulary, to help him to use 
books with ease, to furnish models for writing and finally to enable 
him to acquire a fair adult taste and capacity for good reading. In 
the writing of compositions the aims are, first, a clear concept of the 
idea or picture to be expressed; second, a good arrangement of the 



46 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



material, and last, a natural and correct expression. Rhetorics have 
given place to books of composition, which include practical lessons 
in spelling, grammar, punctuation, and paragraph structure. The 
teaching of figures of speech, loose, periodic, and balanced sentences 
as ends in themselves has been superseded by attempts to suit ex- 
pression to clear and vivid thinking. 

It is desirable, perhaps, that the main business of an English 
high school course should confine itself to correct speech, clear writ- 
ing and a good taste in Hterature. But for the very brilHant, there 
should be courses which will carry them farther afield in the history 
of literature, in the study of special subjects such as drama, journal- 
ism, writing of stories, writing and delivery of speeches. In the upper 
classes, therefore, variation and differentiation are desirable and should 
be based on abilities and tastes of pupils. 



History and Civics. 

Alfred C. Bryan 

High School of Commerce 

The re-estimation of values in education which has been in 
process now for about ten years has brought about perhaps the most 
striking changes in the social sciences. In the first place, the social 
sciences as a group have for the first time attained a place of real re- 
cognition in the curriculum of the secondary school. The meagre atten- 
tion given to history in the old days looks weak indeed in compari- 
son withour strong present-day program in History and Government, 
Community and Vocational Civics, Economic Geography and Econ- 
omics, theoretical and appHed. The importance of sound citizenship 
in civilized life has become so emphasized that we may perhaps say 
without much dissent that the social group of studies is assuming the 
strongest position in most schools, next to the English language. 

The same criterion — the search for the highest social values — ex- 
plains also the changes in material and method which have occurred 
recently in the sub-divisions of the social science group. 

The historical point of view in History and Government has 
given place to the social. The present aim is to give the pupil the 
strongest grasp possible of the world in which he plays his part, 
rather than to unfold to him the development of civilization. Much 
of the story of man remains untold to the secondary school pupil, but 
a choice between knowledge of earlier times and the present was 
necessary. By the same decision our attention becomes fixed upon 
the modern period of history and the emphasis falls upon the most 
recent period, the present. 

The rapid expansion of international relationships in recent years, 
not only in politics but in commerce, religious and social matters and 
in all manner of human interests, has broadened the horizon of the in- 
dividual and made us citizens of the world. Our participation in 
the World War has brought a realization that we no longer live apart 
from other peoples and that their concerns are ours as well. Every 
pupil is therefore taught the broader movements of world history, 
as well as the development of our own country. 

Along with this expansion of the field of secondary school history 
has come a much clearer conception of the relative values of the 
various phases of history. Inasmuch as all lines of human activity 
assume a political complexion at one time or another, political his- 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 47 

tory will always absorb a large part of our attention, yet in the more 
progressive schools commerce, industry, social, intellectual and hu- 
manitarian interests are dividing the field more and more insistently. 

The transformation in the teaching of civics has been very similar to 
that in history and it is accounted for by the same general considera- 
tions. The old informational work with its emphasis upon the ma- 
chinery or functions of government, taught too frequently as cata- 
logues of offices and activities, has given way under the spur of na- 
tional danger to something more vital and human. The approach is 
now rather from the standpoint of the part of the citizen in civic life. 
Our effort now is to develop in the pupil a realization of present 
citizenship and of the obligations and opportunities of today. Through 
training in habits of service and co-operation the pupil is led into 
knowledge of the great objects of community life, into appreciation of 
official and private service and into some insight into sound political 
principles and the methods of their application. 

Perhaps nothing has contributed more to the enlivening of the 
work in history and civics than the constant touch with actual civic 
interests which many teachers have obtained through the frequent use 
in class of the newspaper and magazine. Most of the principles 
and institutions which we study are alive today in some form and 
they may be much more realistically studied as matters of present-day 
civic action or discussion than as a heritage from the past. We 
may study the method of electing the President as a part of the Con- 
stitution or we may study how we are electing a President today. 

The situation in the whole field of social science in the secondary 
school is one of transition. The secondary school is working out its 
own curriculum in much greater independence than formerly, and a 
more valuable body of material for its purpose is rapidly being 
evolved. 



Home Economics 

Meriel W. Willard and Florence Willard 

Washington Irving High School 

Home Economics should be made a large factor in the liberal 
education of young women. It includes instruction and training in the 
occupations of the home. It is designed to promote higher standards 
of appreciation and to develop right conceptions of the importance of 
the home and to show wherein the arts and sciences have practical 
application in domestic life. The city home is no longer a work shop 
where the young girl may serve as an apprentice. The High School 
therefore has assumed this training and organized such courses as will 
give technical home training and at the same time make for mental 
development and physical health. 

In order to live healthfully, a girl should know how to select, 
prepare and use proper clothing and food. A large part of her in- 
come is spent for food and clothing, and a girl should have definite 
training along these lines. In the Home Economics courses in the 
High School a girl learns the kind of food necessary to meet the 
body needs, the minimum cost of such food, and the selection and 
preparation of it. It is not the aim to develop a special technique in 
housekeeping, but to develop appreciation and insight intothe problems 
of home making. Girls of today need to have a sane attitude of mind 
towards their responsibilities in and outside of the home both as 
producers and as consumers. 



48 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



In the work in clothing, girls are given a survey of the living 
conditions of our city. As consumers the women of today must know 
and appreciate their influence on the great textile and clothing indus- 
tries. They should know the laws that govern these industries in 
which so many women gain their livelihood. Important foundations 
are laid for better tastes, appreciations and higher standards. It is 
most_ interesting to watch the development of High School girls along 
the lines of good taste and fitness to purpose expressed in the gowns 
which they wear. The dresses and hats may be those made in school 
or the ones they may purchase in some shop. Simplicity of line and 
color combinations become part of their concept before they are aware 
of it. They become examples to their families and create an influence 
which extends further than they can ever know. 

In the Washington Irving High School there are courses not only 
for the vocational training for the future home maker, but trade 
courses in cooking ; cafeteria and lunch room management ; costume 
design; dressmaking and millinery. New York City is the center of 
the clothing trades. Wonderful opportunities are open to the skilled 
worker who can design and construct clothing. There are many girls 
of ability and talent who are eager for these lines of training. 



Latin 



Clyde R. Jeffords 
Newtown High School 

One of the most radical and far-reaching changes in the high 
school curriculum was the simplification of the Latin syllabus by the 
removal of mere technicalities from the first year work and the in- 
troduction of a large amount of analysis and study of English words 
derived from Latin. The revision of the ancient language syllabus of 
the State of New York in 1917, in which the Latin teachers of the 
New York City high schools played a large part, makes training in 
English grammar and diction the prime purpose and justification of 
the study of Latin in secondary schools, as suggested in the follow- 
ing statement in the introduction : "The fact is beyond question that 
by far the larger proportion of young people who take up the study of 
Latin do so because of their belief in its value as an instrument of 
general education and as a most valuable means toward acquiring a 
better command of the English language. The syllabus is designed to 
meet the needs of these people." 

This point of view is still further emphasized by the report of 
the committee on the Junior High School Syllabus in Latin (June, 
1920) which states that (1) "Latin should not be studied as an end in 
itself," and that (2) "the work of any term should be determined 
not by the needs of those who will continue the work through the 
following year, but by the needs of those who wiU not go beyond the 
work of that term." 

This is brought about by the elimination from the required vo- 
cabulary of practically all words that have no common English 
derivatives, by parallel presentation of Latin and English grammar and 
word formation, by the use of text for translation that has a maxi- 
mum of historical content, and a minimum of grammatical techni- 
cality, and by examinations which compel training for power rather 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 49 

than memoriter cramming. By these means the study of Latin is put 
on a basis as broad and general in its application as the study of 
English grammar and composition, and Is given a practical value for 
every student who needs complete training in English. 

A revision of the Latin syllabus for Junior High Schools, includ- 
ing the MTork of the first year in high school, is now being made, and 
will probably put still more emphasis on the practical application of 
Latin study to training in the vernacular. The work in Latin in sec- 
ondary schools must eventually be divided into two distinct phases, 
(1) an integrating course for the purpose of teaching thoroughly the 
elements of vocabulary and syntax common to both Latin and Eng- 
lish, and (2) a dififerentiating course designed to furnish a classical 
background and the fluency and accuracy in oral English which is so 
necessary today for successful leadership. The first course will be 
primarily for the great majority who study Latin solely for the super- 
lative training it affords in fundamental grammatical concepts; the sec- 
ond course will be for the sm.aller select group for whom classical 
training was originally designed and among whom it has always been 
conspicuously successful. In this wav it will be possible to offer to 
every pupil the practical side of Latin study, stripped of all techni- 
calities, and to reserve the finer points and more difficult problems for 
prospective leaders for whom such training is almost indispensable. 



Mathematics 
David H. Moskowitz 
Boys' High School 

The teaching of mathematics in secondary schools is no longer 
justified on the ground of formal discipline alone. It has in recent 
years been subjected to a most painstaking scientific investigation as a 
result of criticisms advanced both by its proponents and opponents. 
After much experimentation both the curriculum and the methodology 
have passed or are passing through transitional stages that are jus- 
tified on two bases: (1) psychological principles; (2) social utility. 

The content of the elementary courses in mathematics has been 
simplified by the elimination of extraneous material and material deemed 
to be beyond the intellectual capacity of young students because of 
inherent difficulties. On the other hand some of the more difficult 
concepts which are nevertheless of great importance in the scientific 
aspect of mathematics have been rendered more sirrtple by new methods 
of approach and easier stages of development. Reference is here made 
to such subjects as complex numbers in algebra, and the theory of 
ratio and proportion and incommensurable magnitudes in geometry. 

Emphasis is placed particularly on those tonics which are thought 
to be able to function in the lives of the students. For example in 
algebra, while the formula and the graph had always formed part of 
the subject matter, new value is now attached to these subjects by 
reason of their utility and their interest. The formula is a widely 
used industrial instrument, and the appearance of the graph exten- 
sively in the public press attaches to this study a larger social value 
than it has heretofore occupied. In addition such new appraisal and 
reassignment of emphasis and values furnishes new material for ap- 
plying the strictly mathematical instruments to the demands of mod- 
ern society. 



50 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

An atteiTtipt Is likewise made to ease up the approach to demon- 
strative geometry by the introduction of prepaedeutic geometry and by 
the formulation of a larger number of assumptions which are really 
demonstrable theorems. The theory is that such an approach adds in- 
terest to the subject by removing the initial difficulties due to the nov- 
elty and rigor of a geometric demonstration. 

In accordance with these ideas, therefore, only such subjects are 
to be em;phasized that are justified by practical utility and by a neces- 
sity for further development of the subject matter. It is quite pos- 
sible, however, to go too far in the path of elimination and simplifica- 
tion. Over-emphasis on the formula results in the study of algebra 
as an adjunct of the formula, and as a mere practise in arithmetic 
substitution and computation to a degree that limits the vitality of 
the algebraic instrument. Extensive work in "inductive" geometry may 
give the impression of a "snap"-course in geometric drawing and may 
rob demonstrative geometry both of valuable time and of its real sub- 
stance. The extension of assumptions and the elimination of diffi- 
cult material may mean the loss of some of the most powerful mathe- 
matical concepts. For example, large numbers of students of mathe- 
matics are entirely innocent of such important concepts as incommen- 
surable magnitudes and geometric transformations. These concepts 
are important in the sense that they are matheinatical substance and 
necessary for a correct appreciation of mathematics not only as a 
science but as an instrument. Should these be ruled out because they 
d© not have immediate practical utility? 

It is maintained that the line of demarcation between the practical 
and the theoretical or pure mathematics is not justified by the his- 
tory of the science. Anything that tends to destroy the real substance 
of mathematics by a dilution of the life-blood cannot fail to weaken 
mathematics as an instrument and as a social utility. A subject which 
is so intimately bound up with the progress of civilization should be 
studied for its own sake. Mathematics is fully justified on the ground 
of its inherent intellectual and social values. 



Mechanic Arts and Technical Subjects 

Albert L. Colsten 

Manual Training High School 

The present aim of high school instruction in Mechanic Arts is 
radically different from that of a decade or more ago. The function of 
manual training for general culture which was_ in vogue in the high 
schools at an earlier period has been or is being taken over almost 
entirely by the elementary schools, thus leaving the high schools free 
to develop their courses along technical lines. 

These courses present a serious vocational aim to the high school 
student and this new purpose has caused a decided change in the 
methods and material of instruction, in the nature of the projects, and 
in the general reaction of the pupils to the courses offered in Me- 
chanic Arts. 

An effort to more fully realize this vocational aim is resulting in 
a complete revision of the older sjdlabi not only in mechanic arts but 
also in such subjects as mathematics, physical science, language and 
drawing, in order to secure proper co-ordination of the various parts 
of the course of study. 



PRESENT TREND OP HIGPI SCHOOL TEACHING 51 

Another logical result of such an aim is shown in the addition of 
entirely new subjects to ihe curriculum of secondary education. In- 
dustrial geography, including a study of the sources of the materials 
used in industry and in the school shons. is now i^ivcn in the first year 
of high school. Applied Mechanics and Strength of Materials, special 
courses in chemistry and in electricity, field practice in surveying, and 
special drafting courses in architecture, structural design, etc., are now 
offered among the electivcs of the last two years of the high school 
course. These electives are grouped "vertically" so that the indi- 
vidual student may be given a consistent course of instruction which 
will help him to follow out his particular line of work. 

At the Manual Training High School we have completed two years 
of our new technical course. Thus far we have seen the more serious 
attitude of the students reflected not only in the type and quality of 
the work turned out in the shops but also in the work of the allied 
subjects as well. Sufficient time is given to shop work to enable the 
pupils to grasp certain elem.ents of quantity production — to work in 
groups under foremen and to turn out work which is of value not 
only for the training received in the making but also as equipment for 
the shops or other departments of the school. When working in a 
group on a construction each individual must do his part accurately 
according to the drawing in order that it may fit the parts made by 
others of the group. Team work and experience in planning for effi- 
cient production arc considered as essential to the newer aim of in- 
struction. 

The organization of technical high school courses and the realiza- 
tion of specific vocational aims have been made easier by the more 
liberal attitude of the technical colleges during recent years. Many 
instructors realize that the stronger enthusiasm for training in me- 
chanic arts comes at the high school rather than at the college age. 
Much of the high school shop work is now accepted for technical 
college preparation. 

At present the boy who is not going to a higher institution need 
not feel the warping influence of the college upon his course of study — 
and the boy who eventually studies a technical profession in a uni- 
versity may defer his decision as to college entrance until the last two 
years of his course. This enables the technical high school to do 
fuller justice to that large number of students who never go to higher 
institutions. At the same time it is possible to give those who do go 
to the university a more practical experience upon which to build the 
higher theoretical training of the technical college. 

The effect of the transition therefore from the older manual train- 
ing courses to the newer technical courses in our high schools has been 
to give a fresh impetus to the teaching of mechanic arts. The change 
in the attitude of the pupils has already been noted. The teacher of 
shop work or of drawing had often found his subject an unrelated ap- 
pendix to a group of academic studies and not infrequently considered 
as a time filler rather than a vital part of a complete plan of instruc- 
tion. The time alloted to him was so meager that he found it hard to 
get results of much practical value. 

In the newer technical courses the inspiration of the teacher of 
mechanic arts has increased ten-fold. He finds his subject a center of 
interest about which many of the other subjects are grouped. The 
more generous amount of time given to his work has made it possible 
to accomplish results that are worth while and the serious aim of the 
course has brought him a more earnest group of students. 



52 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Modern Languages 

Lawrence A. Wilkins 

Directoi- of Modern Languages in High Schools. 

Now, more than ever before in our historj^, is a knowledge of 
foreign languages necessaiy to the citizens of the United States. 
Whether we seek it or not, our country at present maintains the 
leading position in the manufactures and commerce of the world. 
With the perfection of an efficient mercantile marine service, we shall 
become one of the leading nations in international commerce. Our 
contact with France during the recent war formed for us closer ties 
of community of interest and mutual appreciation than were ever 
known before. During the same period we rose to be the chief na- 
tion in traffic with South American countries. Commerce forms usu- 
ally the first point of contact between nations. 

Wliat our future is to be in international affairs will be deter- 
mined in large measure by our ability to get the point of view of the 
foreign country with which we shall have to deal. To secure a com- 
prehension of that point of view, probably two things are of basic 
importance : first, a knowledge of the life and customs and of the 
culture that characterize these foreign nations ; second, a knowledge 
of their languages on the part of a considerable body of our citi- 
zenry. 

The two purposes are at the base of the study of modern lan- 
guages in our high schools. The Syllabus of Minima in Modern 
Languages designated for guidance in this instruction, expresses the 
general aim, in part, as follows : "To effect that thorough mental 
discipline imparted by a study of grammar, idiom and sj-ntax, and 
to so develop that ready and accurate facility of ear, tongue and eye, 
that, all combined, will make the present and future use of the lan- 
guage and progress therein both possible and certain. . . . We 
should so train a student that he may apply his knowledge of the 
language to any one end or to several ends with the self-confidence 
(conscious or unconscious) that he can easily gi-ow up to any de- 
mands that may be made upon his knowledge of the language. In 
addition, we should inform him of the culture and spirit animating 
the foreign nation or nations using the language." 

Teachers of modern foreign language realize keenly the im- 
portance of using the foreign language in conducting the work of 
the class from the first da}^ of the course to the last. Oral practice 
is constantly employed, but solid grammatical training is not neg- 
lected. 

The use of much so-called rcalia material is common. This and 
illustrative material, depicting the life and customs of France, Spain 
and Spanish America serve to "inform of the culture and spirit ani- 
mating the foreign nation or nations using the language." A traveling 
exhibit of such material has supplied much inspiration and informa- 
tion. Lectures in Spanish, French and English on these countries 
are given in the schools with the aid of slides and films, a large number 
of which are available for use gratis. Many opportunities are presented 
in this cosmopolitan city for the use of French and Spanish and for 
hearing those languages in lectures and plays. Spanish and French 
daily and weekly publications are used in class room and supple- 
mentary work. 

Some of our schools place easily in commercial positions those 
graduates who have done good work in a three or four-year course 
in French or Spanish. This is particularly true, of course, of the 
commercial high schools. 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 53 

But our aim is not merely to train boys and girls for commer- 
cial positions in which they may use their foreign languages. We 
hope above all to widen the cultural and spiritual horizon of these 
young people by means of this contact at first hand with the languages 
of other nations. 



Music 
George H. Gartlan 
Director of Music 

For many years music in high schools suffered because emphasis 
was laid on the technical side, rather than on the side of apprecia- 
tion. It is difficult to understand the technique of this subject until 
an artistic and emotional background has been created. The approach 
to the subject of appreciation naturally comes through the singing 
and hearing of artistic songs. Therefore, emphasis is laid on singing. 
Through this means we develop an appreciation for the beautiful. 

In past years about all the high school pupils could get in the way 
of music was community singing, and a slight knowledge of the 
history and appreciation of the subject. Today it is possible for a 
student in New York to receive through the State Board of Regents, 
a music diploma. This means that he may graduate from high 
school with music as a major subject. It is also possible for talented 
pupils to receive class instruction in voice training and instrumental 
practice. In addition a pupil may receive credit toward his gradua- 
tion for applied music. A system has recently been worked out by 
the Board of Regents whereby any pupil who studies piano, violin, 
voice, organ or any orchestral instrument outside of the regular in- 
struction provided during school hours may, upon certification of his 
teacher and examination by the high school authorities, receive credit 
for this intensive study. 

In place of general community singing we are now organizing 
selective choruses for each of the four years of an academic course. 
Colleges and universities are now willing to recognize music as an 
entrance requirement. 

At a recent meeting of the Music Council of the New York State 
Teachers' Association, a resolution was adopted approving a course 
in the appreciation of music as a required high school subject, and 
this resolution was forwarded to the Music Council of the State 
Board. This move marks a great step in advance for the subject 
in secondary education. The previous arrangements were as follows: 

First year: Rudiments of music. 

Second year : Dictation and melody writing. 

Third year : Elementary harmony. 

Fourth year : History and appreciation of music. 

For a student to qualify for credit toward graduation or to re- 
ceive a music diploma it was necessary for him to take all of the 
above courses in the order in which they were presented, regardless 
of any beneficial effect which they might or might not have on his 
training as a musician. A great many pupils took the first course ; a 
few took the second ; and those who took the third and fourth were 
so far in the minority as to be hardly worthy of mention. When 
the above suggestions are officially adopted it will mean that the great 
majority of high school pupils will have received during their sec- 
ondary education not only a proper understanding of what consti- 
tutes real music, but it will be a well defined preparation for their 
cultural development. 



54 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



It has been possible to properly articulate the develoment of music 
in secondary education with what is going on in the outside world of 
music. In New York City 1500 students who played in the various 
high school orchestras practised under the direction of their individual 
leaders the following program : 

1. Overture : Raymond Thomas 

2. Symphony : Unfinished Schubert 

3. String Ensemble : Andante Cantabile Tschaikowski 

4. Triumphal Scene : Aida Verdi 

When they had accomplished their study, the New York Symphony 

Orchestra, under the direction of Dr. Walter Damrosch, placed this 
program for these students, thereby making it possible for the high 
school pupil to form a criterion of correct judgment as to what con- 
stitutes a perfect orchestral ensemble. This is the type of "model 
lesson" which makes education worth while. 



Physical Science. 

Raymond B. Brownlee and Robert W. Fuller, 

Stuyvesant High School 

The outstanding feature of Chemistry teaching in recent years has 
been the introduction of the subject into the third or fourth term of 
the school, instead of postponing it until the last year. In DeWitt 
Clinton and Stuyvesant High Schools, this procedure has been in 
successful operation for years, and other schools also have found in 
desirable to introduce Chemistry early. This makes it possible to 
lay the foundation for advanced courses in Chemistry as well as to 
prepare for correlated subjects, like Home Economics. 

In addition to the conventional systematic general Chemistry, an 
increasing number of schools have developed courses dealing with the 
chemistry of common life. In the systematic courses themselves, 
greater emphasis is being placed on practical applications. _ A number 
of the larger high schools give advanced elective courses in chemical 
analysis and chemical technology, and a gratifying number of pupils 
elect these courses. 

Experience has taught that the placing of Chemistry before 
Physics entails less repetition than the reverse order. It has been 
found, for example, that previous chemical training is of more aid in 
the comprehension of voltaic cells and the chemical effects of the elec- 
tric current than the previous knowledge of the gas laws is in chem- 
ical calculations. 

In schools where a diminution in the number of students in 
Physics followed when the subject had been made elective, this dimi- 
nution has been in considerable degree proportional to the adherence 
to the presentation of the subject as a rigid body of discipline, rather 
than as a living interpretation of the facts of nature and life. The 
reduction in the number of required topics for Regents examina- 
tion, brought about largely by the influence of New York teachers, 
has made possible an enrichment of the Physics course by means of 
well-planned and well-executed demonstrations and by the study of 
a wider range of practical applications. In the technical high schools, 
the work in Physics is flourishing, and there is a considerable amount 
of advanced elective work being done, particularly in the appUed 
phases of the subject. There is every reason to expect a return of 
Physics to its previous prestige, because of the large number of points 
at which it touches modern life. This return will be largely condi- 
tioned on securing teachers who can make the first Physics course 
a live subject. 



PRESENT TREND OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHING 55 



Physical Training 

A. K. Aldinger, M. D. 

Director of Physical Training 

The examination of men for the National Army disclosed facts 
that have served to stimulate an interest in a broad outlook for the 
teacher of Physical Training. Thirty-four per cent, of the men ex- 
amined were found physically unfit for military service. Many of 
these were rejected on account of physical defects. A large propor- 
tion were also lacking in strength, endurance and general organic vigor. 
The authorities recognized this need for more time to be given to 
physical education throughout the State, and, as a consequence, the 
Welsh Law was enacted. 

Prior to the enactment of the Welsh Law, two 40-minute periods 
of Physical Training per week were scheduled, in which to teach 
Physical Training activities (including formal gymnastics, games, 
athletics, dancing, etc.), to make physical examinations, give floor 
talks on hygcnic habits, follow up physical defects, hold term prac- 
tical examinations, etc. It was impossible to carry out this program 
completely in the time allowed. 

The Welsh Law calls for one 40-minute period per day for Physi- 
cal Training, or 200 minutes per week. With a program of this kind, 
it is possible to hold the Physical Training Department responsible 
for results. 

Notable work in health inspection and follow-up has been accom- 
plished by the various High Schools during the past two years, in 
addition to the regular Physical Training program. The Girls' High 
School, Washington Irving, Julia Richman, Bushwick, Erasmus Hall, 
Eastern District, Bay Ridge, Newtown, Morris, De Witt Clinton, Stuy- 
vesant, High School of Commerce, Theodore Roosevelt, George 
Washington, and others, have made definite drives for the discovery 
and correction of physical defects, and the establishment of health 
habits. 

Notwithstanding the limitations of the physical equipment and 
play space, the tendency has been to reach out and expand, correlating 
all the forces for the promotion of hygiene, so that our students today 
may receive the best physical training possible, under existing condi- 
tions. 

It would be a grave mistake to reduce the time now devoted to 
Physical Training, by repealing the Welsh Law. It is true that some 
of the older schools cannot carry out its provisions entirely, but the 
results that are obtained in schools which are able to give full time, 
amply justify the time that is required by law. 

(New York City is becoming more and more congested; play- 
grounds, gj'mnasiums, play space and areas for recreation, are becom- 
ing more and more congested. Plans should be made for expansion, 
by including adequate gymnasium facilities in the new school build- 
ings. 

The teachers of Physical Training in our High Schools are ready 
and willing to carry out the best possible program of Physical Edu- 
cation, and I reiterate that the time and equipment should not 
be curtailed, if the High Schools are to be held responsible for the 
correction of physical defects, the teaching of hygiene habits, and the 
development of a vigorous and sound body. 



IV 

APPOINTMENT AND PROMOTION OF HIGH 

Tl 



Prineipals and teachers are appointed for service in the high 
schools of New York City by the Board of Education upon nomination 
by the Board of Superintendents. High school principals are selected 
from a number of candidates who make application and who submit 
evidence of qualifications for the particular school in view. Teachers 
of the several ranks are appointed from eligible lists, which are pre- 
pared by the Board of Examiners, for each subject or group of sub- 
jects taught. Separate lists are prepared of men and women, and each 
person nominated must be among the first three names available on the 
list. A temporary license, vaUd for three years, is issued by the Super- 
intendent of Schools to all persons whose names have been placed 
upon an eligible list. Licenses that have expired because of non-ap- 
pointment may be renewed for another three years, and names of per- 
sons whose licenses have been renewed are replaced upon the eligible 
lists. One eligible list must be exhausted before nominations are 
made from a list of subsequent date. 

The positions or salary grades in high schools for which licenses are issued 
by the Examiners are: (1) Principal; (2) First Assistant Teacher; (3) Assistant 
Teacher; (4) Clerical Assistant; (S) Laboratory Assistant; (6) Library Assistant; 
(7) Placement and Investigation Assistant; (8) Substitute Teacher; (9) Teacher 
in Training. All applicants must be citizens, and an oath of allegiance to the 
constitution of the United States, and to the constitution of the State of New York, 
is required of all. With certain exceptions in favor of persons who have taught 
in elementary schools, or who have served as substitutes, applicants must be not 
less than twenty-one and not over forty-one years of age. 

Principals are invariably selected from First Assistant teachers, 
or Assistant Teachers, in the high schools, or from principals of ele- 
mentary schools. First Assistant teachers with few exceptions have 
been selected from Assistant Teachers, and many Assistant teachers 
have been promoted from the ranks of clerical, laboratory,^ library or 
placement assistants in the high schools, or of teachers in the ele- 
mentary schools. 

High school principals and teachers are appointed for a proba- 
tionary period of three years. At the end of the third year of suc- 
cessful service licenses are made permanent by vote of the Board of 
Education upon recommendation of the Board of Superintendents and 
the appointees continue to hold their respective positions during good 
behavior and efficient and competent service, and cannot be removed 
except for cause and after a hearing. The services of any person ap- 
pointed may, however, be discontinued at any time during the pro- 
bationary period by a majority vote of the Board of Education upon 
recommendation of the Board of Superintendents. 

The Board of Examiners and Its Work 

The Board of Examiners stands at the foundation of the unified 
school system, initiated by the charter of 1898 and made effective by 
the revised charter of 1901. The powers of the board have been far- 
reaching, and under its interpretation of the law it has exercised a 
large degree of initiative and firmness of policy. The original board 
consisted of four members who were appointed in 1898 upon nomina- 
tion of the City Superintendent of Schools, from an eligible list pre- 
pared by the Municipal Civil Service Commission. Under the charter 
the City Superintendent of Schools was a member of the board, and 

56 



APPOINTMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS 57 

presided at its sessions, but under the city school law today the Board 
of Examiners is constituted of seven members, and the Superintendent 
is not a member. 

The broad aim of the Board of Examiners has been to supply 
an adequate number of the best teachers procurable, to keep out 
of the system those who are unfit, to encourage self-improvement of 
teachers, to guide those institutions that prepare candidates for exam- 
inations, and in general to maintain a merit system of appointment to 
the best advantage of the schools. 

The specified duties of the Examiners are : 

(1) To hold examinations whenever necessary; 

(2) To prepare all necessary eligible lists; 

(3) To grant salary allowances for experience in other schools 
than those of New York City, and 

(4) To perform such additional duties relating to examinations 
as the Board of Education may require. 

In a recent hearing before a representative of the State Educa- 
tion Department Examiner James C. Byrnes described in outline the 
general method by which the Board does its work. 

'Wearly 20,000 applicants come before the Board of Examiners 
yearly," Mr. Byrnes stated. "The number of subjects is very large. 
In the evening schools alone there are 110 different subjects. It is 
essential to the proper performance of its work that the Examiners 
employ assistants. Most papers are examined by them. In the Exami- 
nations for the more important licenses, and in those where the num- 
ber of applicants is small, and also whenever it is possible, the mem- 
bers of the Board of Examiners personally examine the papers. 

"Generally, however, papers are passed upon by the assistants. We 
use the horizontal plan of rating. That is, we give the first question 
to one assistant to rate, the second to the second, and so on. Each 
assistant receives written or oral instructions and usually the type 
answer given by the Examiner, who prepared the questions, and also 
a schedule of points with instructions as to their distribution. Their 
ratings are tabulated by the clerical staff. 

"Notice is given all candidates who fail- that they may file appeals 
upon certain days within a specified time limit. Forms of appeals are 
supplied. Appeals are sent to an Examiner other than the one who 
first passed upon the papers. The Board of Examiners, as far as the 
written examination is concerned, functions largely as an appeal board." 

Qualifications. 

Candidates in order to be appointed to teaching positions in the 
high schools must be eligible under the by-laws of the Board of Edu- 
cation. The prescriptions as to eligibility apply to several classes of 
persons: (1) college graduate; (2) normal, training school, or pro- 
fessional school graduates; (3) persons with a prescribed amount of 
vocational experience (who intend to teach vocational subjects). In 
each of these classes certain additional qualifications, of education or 
of teaching experience, are required. The detailed qualifications for 
eligibility to each grade of position in the high schools, as prescribed 
in the most recent announcements of the Board of Examiners, are 
given below. 

Since the qualifications for any given position involve much detail 
and are subject to change, prospective candidates should obtain from 



58 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

the Board of Examiners the circular of information hearing upon 
any examination in qiiestion. 

How AN Examination is Given 

The determination of the position upon an eligible list of a candidate 
for a license to teach in the high schools is based upon four elements : 
record, knowledge of the subject, teaching ability and personality. 
The candidate's previous experience and accomplishment is described 
by the candidate upon an application form, and this information is sup- 
plemented by facts obtained from principals and superintendents who 
have supervised the candidate's work. Knowledge of subject is in part 
tested by a written examination, the papers being graded by special as- 
sistants employed for the purpose. A written examination in the 
science of education was required for many years, but at the present 
time this is omitted. Teaching ability is determined by means of a 
class-rpom test, in which the candidate is required to teach a lesson on 
an assigned topic, usually an advance lesson, a period of about forty 
minutes having been allowed the candidate for preliminary preparation 
with the aid of the text-book used by the pupils. Personality and 
general equipment are rated by means of an oral examination, which 
deals with the subject in which the license is sought and the methods 
of teaching the subject, and includes such tests in reading and ex- 
planation as may be needed to determine fitness. A medical exami- 
nation is required of all candidates. 

Answer papers are usually read by high school Principals, or First Assistant 
teachers, who serve for the purpose as assistant examiners; class-room tests are 
usually conducted by First Assistant Teachers; and oral tests are conducted by 
members of the Board of Examiners. 

All answer papers that have received grades between ten points below pass- 
ing, and from five to ten points above passing, are usually reviewed, and all 
doubtful cases are considered at a meeting of the board. All candidates who 
fail by less than ten points may file appeals with a specified time limit. 

Appointment of High School Principals 

No exactly standardized method for appointing high school prin- 
cipals has been adopted. In recent years prospective candidates have 
been invited to make written application to the Board of Superintend- 
ents, and to present their claims personally to the several members of 
the Board. Candidates for appointment to a high school already estab- 
lished have been invited to visit the institution in question to observe 
its class-room work, study its organization and curriculum, and make 
a written report, stating conclusions and offering recommendations for 
improvement in the school, or change in its aim, policies and practices. 
These written reports were filed for reference and for the guidance of 
the new principal when he shall have been appointed. Candidates 
whose applications were approved were invited to attend a meeting of 
the Board of Superintendents at which members of the Board of Edu- 
cation were present, and to address the members of both boards on 
topics selected from several relating to the high school in question. 
From among the candidates who appeared one was nominated by the 
Board of Superintendents for appointment to the principalship. 

The Board of Examiners conducts a written and an oral exami- 
nation for each person who has been nominated for appointment as 
principal. To be eligible for license as principal of high schools the 
applicant must have graduated from a college or university recog- 
nized by the Regents of the University of the State of New York, 
and must have had ten years' satisfactory experience in teaching or 
supervision, at least five of which must have been in secondary 



APPOINTMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS 59 

schools, or in the position of superintendent or examiner in the City 
of New York. In the case of applicants who are serving as prin- 
cipals of elementary schools in the City of New York, two years' 
experience as principals of elementary schools may be accepted in lieu 
of two of the required five years of experience in teaching or super- 
vision in secondary schools. Candidates for license as high school 
principal must be not less than twenty-five nor more than fifty years 
of age. 

Examinations for License as First Assistant Teacher 

Examinations for license as First Assistant teacher in high schools 
have been held at intervals of from three to five years. The procedure 
adopted at the examination, and the academic and professional quali- 
fications required have been detailed in circulars of information issued 
for each examination. Applicants who have been teaching in the high 
schools of the City of New York for ten years must be less than 
fifty-six years old; all other applicants must be more than twenty-five 
and less than fifty-one years old. 

la the examination for First Assistant's license held May 24, 1918, there 
was a comprehensive paper, containing optional questions or topics, certain of 
which were required to be answered in extenso, in which opportunity was given 
the candidate to describe some investigation or research made in his own field. 
Certain of the questions related to recent thought, tendencies and developments 
in the field of the special subject covered by the license. 

The scope of the paper included: the special subject selected, the application 
of the science of education to the teaching of the subject, the making of 
curricula, the organization and supervision and conduct of a high school 
department. 

Candidates in the major academic subjects must have graduated 
from a college or university recognized by the Regents of the University 
of the State of New York, and must have completed one year of 
satisfactory post-graduate study (which may be concurrent with teach- 
ing experience), and must have taught successfully for a required 
length of time in secondary schools or colleges, or in the seventh, 
eighth or ninth grade of the elementary schools in the City of New 
York. Five years of successful teaching is required of candidates who 
have taught successfully for three years in New York City high 
schools; seven years of successful teaching is required of all other 
candidates. 

Candidates in the other subjects — music and physical training, 
commercial branches and vocational and technical subjects — who 
are not college or university graduates, must have graduated from a 
satisfactory high school (or institution of equal or higher rank), and 
also from a course of professional training of at least two years in the 
special subject selected, must have completed additional courses of not 
less than 300 hours in the special subject, and must have had ten years 
of successful teaching experience in secondary schools in the special 
subject, or eight years of successful teaching of the subject in N&w 
York City high schools. Candidates with professional or trade experi- 
ence in the subject for which a license is sought may offer such experi- 
ence year for year in lieu of not more than four years' teaching 
experience. Study of medicine and experience in the practice of medi- 
cine may be offered within certain limits in lieu of experience in teach- 
ing by applicants for license in physical training. 

The examination of May 24. 1918, included the following subjects: 

Major Academic Subjects: Biological science, classical languages, economics, 

modern languages, physical science. The examination papers in science included 

questions on the social and practical or industrial applications of principles, and 

the contributions of noted scientists. Candidates in modern languages chose as 



60 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



a major subject French or German or Spanish, and as a minor Italian. Spanish 
French or German. Economics included the history of its scientific method, and 
the history of commerce and commercial geography. History included ancient, 
medieval and modern history, constitutional history, the science of government', 
practical civics, and the philosophy of history. Mathematics included tests of 
mathematical ability within the range of algebra, plane and solid geometry, and 
plane and spherical trigonometry. Candidates in physical science chose a major 
and a minor subject from the three subjects, physics, chemistry, physiography. 

Other Academic Subjects: Fine arts, music, physical training. The exami- 
nation in fine arts included drawings from life and still life with crayon and 
pencil, water color painting, mechanical drawing; history of art; design; color. 
The examination in music included persnnal performance both vocal and instru- 
mental (piano and organ); methods; theory of music; conducting. Physical 
training included theory and practice; history of physical training, personal 
hygiene, school hygiene, athletics, gymnastics. 

Vocational Subjects (commercial and technical) : Accounting and commer- 
cial _ law, domestic art, domestic science, mechanic arts, stenography and type- 
writing. Accounting and commercial law included problems in accounting and 
auditing, commercial law and procedure, business practice, elementary economics. 
Stenography and typewriting included the Isaac Pitman and Gregg systems, one as 
a major, the other a minor. The major questions included theory and practice 
of stenography, a practical test in the system, English grammar, rhetoric, compo- 
sition; typewriting; business corresjpondence and ofiice procedure. The minor 
questions related only to the principles of the system. Candidates in domestic 
science and art were examined on important fields of the subjects, including voca- 
tionaj training and_ guidance in these subjects. Candidaies in mechanic arts were 
examined in practical forge-work, machine shop, wood-working, pattern-making, 
moulding, mechanical drawing. 

Examinations for License as Assistant Teacher 

Examinations for license as Assistant Teacher of the several 
subjects in the high schools of the City of New York are held usually 
twice each year, in the spring and in the fall. Certain fundamental 
academic and professional qualifications are required of all candi- 
dates. Full information regarding each examination is detailed in a 
circular sent to all prospective candidates who apply for it. 

Applicants for license to teach major academic subjects must have 
graduated from a college or university recognized by the Regents of 
the University of the State of New York, or from a normal or city 
training school approved by the State Commissioner of Education. 
In the case of teachers of modern languages the equivalent of a col- 
lege education may be accepted. 

College and university graduates must have had: (1) not less 
than 160 days of satisfactory teaching experience in secondary schools 
or colleges; or, (2) not less than 300 hours of post-graduate work in 
a recognized college or university, of which time at least 60 hours 
was devoted to methods of teaching the candidate's specialty; or (3) 
not less than 80 days of satisfactory experience in teaching in sec- 
ondary schools, or in colleges, together with not less than 150 hours 
of satisfactory post-graduate work in a recognized college or uni- 
versity, including at least 60 hours in methods of teaching the sub- 
ject; or (4) two years' experience in teaching in the grades of the 
last four years in the elementary schools of the City of New York, 
and not less than 150 hours of satisfactory university, college or post- 
graduate work in the candidate's specialty, including 60 hours in 
methods of teaching the subject. Candidates who have taught in 
secondary schools or colleges and who completed courses in methods 
of teaching in the senior years of the undergraduate course equiva- 
lent to 60 hours may have this experience accepted in lieu of 60 
hours of post-graduate work. 

Normal school and city training school graduates must present 
5 years' satisfactory experience in teaching, including either one year 



APPOINTMENT OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS 61 

in the grades of the last two years of the pubUc elementary schools 
of the City of New York, or two years of teaching in secondary 
schools other than public high schools of the City of New York; and 
the completion of not less than ISO hours of satisfactory college or 
university work in the candidate's specialty, including not less than 
30 hours in the science of education. 

Applicants for license to teach music and drawing, physical train- 
ing, certain vocational subjects, commercial branches, stenography and 
typewriting, cooking, sewing, dressmaking or millinery, may qualify 
as provided for applicants in major academic subjects, or if not grad- 
uates of a college or university or a normal or training school they 
may be eligible if they have graduated from a high school course 
approved by the State Commissioner, and have graduated from a two 
years' professional course in the subject, and have had in addition 
four years' experience in class teaching in the subject ; Vv'ith the ex- 
ception that applicants in physical training need have had only two 
years' experience in teaching the subject. An academic education 
equivalent to a high school course will be accepted in lieu of a grad- 
uation from a high school, and two years of business practice, or two 
years of post-graduate study may be accepted in lieu of two years 
of teaching. 

Applicants for license to teach those vocational subjects that 
include the arts and sciences in their application to industries must 
have had a general education satisfactory to the Board of Exam- 
iners, and six years' practical experience in the subject to be taught. 

Examinations for license as Assistant Teacher held during the past two 
pears have included the following subjects: Major academic subjects: biology, 
chemistry, economics, elocution, English, French, history. Latin, mathematics, 
physics and Spanish. Minor academic subjects: freehand drawing, music, physi- 
cal training. Vocational-commercial: accounting and business practice, mer- 
chandizing and salesmanship, stenography and typewriting. Vocational — frch- 
nical: agriculture, architectural drawing, art metal-work, forge- work, foundry- 
work, instrument-making, joinery, machine-shop practice, mechanical drawing, 
millinery, power plant draughting, topographical drawing, wood-turninEr and 
pattern-making. The scope of the examination in each subject is detailed in 
the special circulars of information issued by the Board of Examiners at the 
time of the several examinations. 

Qualifications for License as Clerical Assistant, Laboratory 

Assistant, Library Assistant, Placement and 

Investigation Assistant 

Examinations for license in the grades lower than that of as- 
sistant teachers are held concurrently with those for the assistant 
teacher's license. 

Candidates for license as Clerical Assistant must have graduated 
from a satisfactory high school or institution of equal or higher 
rank, and have had two years' satisfactory experience in office work 
subsequent to graduation ; or must have graduated from a college 
or university recognized by the Regents of the University of the State 
of New York. Candidates for license as Laboratory Assistant must 
have had a satisfactory high school or equivalent academic education, 
and two years' satisfactory experience as substitute laboratory as- 
sistant; or must have had a satisfactory college or university educa- 
tion, and have completed satisfactory courses in physics and chem- 
istry, or in biology, and in practical mechanics, 

Candidates for license as Library Assistant must have graduated 
from a recognized college or university, and have completed a one 
year's course in an approved library school, or have had three years of 



62 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

successful experience as head librarian or reference librarian of a 
library approved by the Board of Examiners; or, must have grad- 
uated from a satisfactory high school or equivalent institution, and 
completed a two years' course in an approved librai'y school. One 
additional year of library experience may be accepted in lieu of the 
second year of professional training. 

Candidates for license as Placement and Investigation Assistant 
must have had three years' satisfactory experience in placement and 
industrial work, together with a general education satisfactory to the 
Board of Examiners. 

Qualifications for License as Substitute Teacher and as 
Teacher in Training 

To be eligible for license as substitute teacher in high schools the applicant 
must have graduated from a college or university recognized by the Regents; 
or in the case of applicants to teach certain subjects, graduation from a satis- 
factory high school or other institution, or a satisfactory amount of profes- 
sional training, together with a certain amount of teaching experience, may be 
accepted in lieu of college graduation. Applicants to teach manual and com- 
mercial branches must have taught satisfactorily for two years; applicants to 
teach wood-work or metal-work must have had five years, successful experience 
in wood- work or metal-work as a journeyman wage-earner, or an equivalent 
thereof; applicants to teach drawing, music and physical training, sewing or 
cooking, must have had two years, satisfactory professional training in the special 
branch. Applicants to teach physical training, however, are qualified if they 
hold elementary license No. 1, and have completed a satisfactory course in 
physical training of at least 90 hours; or if they have had satisfactory teaching 
experience in physical training. To be eligible for license as substitute machine 
shop assistant the applicant must have had five years experience as a journey- 
man machinist, together with a satisfactory general education. 

A teacher in training shall be a graduate from a college or university 
recognized by the Regents of the University of the State of New York, and 
shall have spent, during his last two years in college or during post-graduate 
work, or partly in one and partly in the other, at least 300 hours in studying 
the subjects comprised within one of the groups for which licenses are issued 
to Assistant Teachers in high schools. Such teachers in training shall be 
required to hold a license granted by the Board of Examiners, and such 
license may be issued upon the recommendations of the appropriate heads of 
departments or professors in the college from which the applicant has gradu- 
ated, approved by the chief executive officer of the college, and upon euch 
other investigation as the Board of Examiners may deem necessary. 

C. F. W. 



2 "" 


Greek 1, 3 
Greek 3 yrs. 
a Greek comp. 
Italian 2, 3 
Ancient history 
Minor sequence in 

hist., 1st year 
Phys. geography 
Commercial lasv 
Hist, of education 


K in 

fin-: 


Greek 2 
Hebrew 2 
German 2. 3, 4 
Business writing 


Thursday 

9.15 A. M. 


El. botany 
El. zoology 
Phys. and hyg. 
Hist. Eng. lang. 
and literature 
Business English 
Physics 
Chemistry 
Applied chemistry 
Economics 




Civics 

French 2, 3, 4 
Com'l geography 
Cliorus singing and 
rud. of music 


>• . 

w < 
z; 


Geography 
El. algebra 
Plane geometry 
Adv. botany 
Adv. zoology 
Adv. biology 
Bookkeeping 2 
Psychology 
El. mech. drawing 


< J 

O < 

w c" 
z; 


El. U. S. hist, with 

civics 
a Latin prose comp. 
a Latin prose at sight 
a Latin verse at sight 
Mod. hist, 1, 2 
Hist. G. B. and I. 
Major sequence in 

hist.. Course A 
Major sequence in 

hist.. Course B 
Trigonometry 
Typewriting 
Int. drawing 


3 in 


Arithmetic 
Com'l arithmetic 
Spanish 2 
English grammar 
Am. history with 

civics 
Major sequences in 

hist.. Course C 
b Hist, of music and 

appreciation 




Spelling 

Latin first 2 yrs. 
Latin 3, 4 
Latin 3 yrs. 
Latin 4 yrs. 
a Latin grammar 
Spanish, 3. 4 
Biology 
Bookkeeping 1 
b Diet, and melody 
writing 


>- s 

< . 


Int. algebra 
Adv. algebra 
Solid geometry 
Shorthand 1 and 2 
El. representation 
b El. harmony 


Oiri 


Elem. English 
English 2, 3, 4 
English 3 yrs. 
English 4 yrs. 



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SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 

Under the present interpretation of the law, the basic control of 
the salaries of public school teachers in New York City rests with 
the state legislature, acting through the State Department of Educa- 
tion and the local Boards of Education, Estimate, and Aldermen, as 
indicated in the following sections of the law: 

State Constitution, Article IX : 

Sec. 1. The legislature shall provide for the maintenance and support of a sys- 
tem of free common schools, wherein all the children of this state may be educated. 

Sec. 2. The corporation created in the year one thousand seven hundred 
and eighty-four, under the name of the Regents of the University of the State 
of New York, is hereby continued under the name of the University of the State 
of New York. It shall be governed and its corporate powers, which may be 
increased, modified, or diminished by the legislature, shall be exercised by not 
less than nine regents. 

As the law provides that there shall always be three more regents 
than there are judicial districts in the state, there are at present twelve 
regents (see page 6), of whom one is elected each year by joint 
ballot of the assembly and senate during the second week in February, 
to serve for twelve years. 

Education Law of 1917 

Until 1917 there was no general law regarding the regulation and 
management of the various school systems of the state. By Chapter 
786 of the Laws of 1917, about 600 pages of special laws were re- 
pealed and one uniform act, applying to all the cities in the state, was 
substituted. The following sections apply to New York City: 

The Board of Education 

865. A board of education is hereby established in each city. The educa- 
tional affairs of each city shall be under the general management and control of 
a board of education to consist of not less than three nor more than nine members. 

866. In a city having a population of one million or more and divided into 
boroughs, there shall be a board of education consisting of seven members .... 
The mayor shall appoint such members on the first Wednesday in January . . . , 
for a term of seven years. 

868. Subject to the provisions of this chapter, the board of education in a 
city shall have the power, and it shall be its duty to perform any duty imposed 
upon boards of education or trustees of common schools under this chapter or 
other statutes, or the regulations of the University of the State of New York 
or the Commissioner of Education so far as they may be applicable to the school 
or other educational affairs of a city, and not inconsistent with the provisions of 
this article. 

School Moneys 

877. (1) The board of education in each (other) city shall prepare annually 
an itemized estimate for the ensuing fiscal year and file the same on or before 
the first day of September. Such estimate shall be for the following purposes: 

a. The salary of the superintendent of schools, .... and the salary, fees, 
or compensation of all other employes appointed or employed by said board of 
education, b. Other necessary incidental and contingent expenses 

(7) In a city which had, according to the federal census of 1910, a pop- 
ulation of one million or more, such estimate shall be filed with the board of 
estimate and apportionment. If the total amount requested in such estimate 
shall be equivalent to or less than four and nine-tenths mills on every dollar 
of assessed valuation of real and personal property in such city subject to tax- 
ation, the board of estimate shall appropriate such amount. If the total amount 
contained in such estimate shall exceed the said sum of four and nine-tenth mills, 
. . . . such estimate shall, as to such excess, be subject to such consideration 
and such action by the board of estimate and apportionment, the board of alder- 
men, and the mayor as that taken upon departmental estimates submittjd to the 
board of estimate and apportionment. 

65 



66 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Inadequate Financing 

Unfortunately, the sum of four and nine-tenths mills on each 
dollar of assessed valuation in the City of New York, together with 
the state allotment for salaries (now $700 per teacher), is not, and 
for many years has not heen, sufficient to meet the absolutely neces- 
sai-y expenses of running the schools, so that the school budget has 
to be included in the regular city budget and is handled in the same 
way as the funds for all other departments. Since it is highly de- 
sirable that the teaching and supervising staff in the public schools 
of the city be free from the fluctuations that attend changes in the 
political complexion of the city administration, there has been a long 
series of amendments to the city charter and the state education law, 
tending toward standardization and stabilization of salary schedules 
and schedule conditions. 

The Davis Law 

The first step in this legislatiop was the establishment of 
mandatory schedules and schedule conditions. The Greater New York 
Charter, adopted at the time of consolidation of the various boroughs 
in 1897, contained the following provision regarding teachers' salaries : 

Each school board shall have power to adopt by-laws fixing the salaries of 
the borough and associate superintendents, of principal and branch principals, 
and of all other members of the teaching and supervising staff, and such salaries 
shall be regulated by merit, by the grade of class taught, by the length of service, 
or by the experience in teaching of the incumbent in charge, or by such a com- 
bination of these considerations as the school board may deem proper. Said sal- 
aries need not he uniform throughout all the several boroughs, nor in any two 
of them, nor throughout any one borough. 

This lack of uniformity produced such inequalities that remedial 
legislation was sought at Albany, resulting in passing finally in the 
state legislature the Ahearn Law in 1899, followed by the Davis Law 
in 1900, establishing minimum salaries and increments, and permanent 
tenure of office. This was an epoch-making accomplishment and put 
the New York schools on a plane far above the rest of the country. 
Inasmuch as the Davis Law is the Magna Charta of the public school 
teachers of New York City, it seems worth while here to quote the 
report made on this law by the City Superintendent of Schools, 
William H. Maxwell. 

Perhaps the most important event of the school year was the passage hy the 
legislature of the Davis Law. . . . Stated in general terms, the main provisions 
of this statute are as follows: 

1. It provides a more equitable plan for distributing the school fund among 
the various boroughs than that set forth in the original charter, the quota for 
each qualified teacher being made $600 instead of $100. 

2. It provides that the amount to be raised each year for the general school 
fund shall be not less than four mills on the dollar of the assessed real and 
personal estate of the city. 

3. It provides for the various classes of teachers that there shall be a stated 
minimum salary for the first year of service, a minimum salary after the lapse 
of a certain number of years, and that in each class between these two points 
the salary shall increase by an equal amount each year. 

4. It provides, also, that no teacher's salary shall advance beyond a certain 
point "unless and until" the teacher's service is approved as "fit and meritorious" 
by the borough board of superintendents. 

No measure regarding teachers' salaries so sweeping and liberal in its pro- 
visions was ever before passed by any legislature. Not unnaturally, therefore, 
it may be inferred that there must have been something extraordinary in the 
local conditions to call for the enactment of this statute by the legislature, and 
the governor — in spite of the veto of the mayor and the strenuous opposition of 
the comptroller, and in opposition to the majority of the members of the school 
boards of Manhattan and The Bronx, and of Brooklyn. Such was indeed the 
case. Stated briefly, the most obvious reason why the teachers had the support 
of the press and the public and the sympathy and co-operation of the governor 
was that the board of estimate and apportionment had failed to provide the 



SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 67 

funds necessary to carry into full effect a comparatively mild measure regarding 
teachers' salaries which the legislature had passed in 1899. This statement is 
the exact truth, and it was this truth that appealed so strongly to the press, the 
public, and the legislative authorities. But there was much more than this imme- 
diate cause that had a profound influence in urg^ing the teachers to action and 
in determining the trenci of public opinion. 

In the City of New York, prior to consolidation, a schedule of salaries 
complex in its arrangements almost beyond description had been in force. Under 
this schedule a teacher's salary depended partly on the grade of the school, partly 
on the grade of class taught, and partly on the order of appointment. * * * « 
Thus, if there were twenty teachers in a school, the last teacher appointed ranked 
as twentieth assistant and received the lowest salary. That salary remained 
practically unchanged, unless the teacher was transferred to higher (so called) 
grade of school, or until another teacher left the school, when the twentieth 

assistant became the nineteenth, with enhanced rank and pay, and so on 

The most monstrous injustices had developed during the course of years 

In Queens and Richmond the salary question at the time of consolidation appeared 
to be in an almost hopeless muddle. In the territory now embraced in the 
Borough of Queens there were before consolidation as many as sixty-seven sep- 
arate and independent school boards . . . All these different boards paid dif- 
ferent rates of salaries to their teachers. None of them, however, as far as I 
have been able to learn, had a schedule of salaries in the sense in which that word 
is now used. Each board made the best bargain it could with the teacher it 
desired to engage. The natural result was the most extraordinary inequalities 

in the rates of pay in different localities for precisely similar service To 

the great body of teachers in Queens and Richmond the Ahearn Law was most 
disastrous, because, with the limited amount of money at the disposal of the 
school boards, they were obliged to cut down the salaries of those teachers who 
were not protected by law in order to pay the salaries of those teachers who were 
so protected. As a matter of fact, the teachers of Queens and Richmond received 
no pay whatever from the 30th of September, 1899, until some time in January, 
1900, and finally obtained remuneration for their services during this period only 
through the beneficent act of the legislature and governor in passing a law for 
their relief 

For many years prior to the agitation that commenced in 1897 for a revision 
of the salary schedules, there had been gradually taking shape in the minds of 
the teachers certain notions that were the direct result of the conditions and 
events just described They may be gathered up under five headings: 

1. The feeling that the average salary paid in former years was altogether 
too low as a remuneration for the service rendered and too low to be consistent 
with the dignity of the teaching profession. 

2. The feeling that the various salary schemes formerly in force resulted 
in widespread injustice which in turn led to constant unrest. 

3. The feeling that the wire-pulling which was too often necessary to secure 
promotion and consequent increa.se in salary was unworthy of a body of self- 
respecting public servants, and ought to be eliminated. 

4. The feeling that all of these things were impairing the usefulness of 
each individual teacher, and that the system, as a whole was suffering in con- 
sequence. 

5. The feeling that no matter how willing the school board might be to 

remedy abuses, no matter how wisely they might plan new salary schemes, the 
financial authorities of the city would not grant the money necessary to correct 
the abuses and put the revised schedules into effect 

Nothing could be more unjust than the sweeping statements of men high in 
office that the teachers, in appealing to the legislature, were actuated solely by 
greed for money. It is not so. The teachers deserved better salaries. They 
desired and asked for better salaries; but in doing so they sought not personal 
advantage alone, but the good of a city which they love and the good of the 
schools to which they have dedicated their energies. 

Unequal Pay 

The Davis Law had one provision which occasioned twenty 
years of agitation and made harmony among the different teacher 
groups practically impossible during that time. The maximum salary 
of male teachers in the elementary schools was made the same as 
that of assistants to principal and male high school teachers, $500 
more than that of female high school teachers, and $960, or 66?^ per 
cent greater than the maximum salary of a female elementary school 
teacher doing the same work. This discrimination was irritating to the 



68 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

whole corps of women teachers and brought about an effective or- 
ganization of ten thousand women teachers, led by Grace Strachan, to 
fight for "Equal Pay for Equal Work." 

Commission on Teachers' Salaries, 1910 

One equal-pay bill was passed by the legislature in 1907, vetoed 
by the Mayor, repassed over his veto and finally vetoed by Governor 
Hughes, on the ground that it should be left to local authorities, or 
"Home Rule." Little progress was made with the question until in 
1910 a commission on Teachers Salaries, appointed by the Board of 
Estimate, made a very exhaustive investigation of the situation and 
recommended salary for position, and additional compensation for 
teachers of boys' classes, giving all teachers of seventh and eighth 
grade bovs the same salary as was being paid to 8B men teachers, 
teachers 'oi high school girls $1000-2500, boys' classes $1500-3000, and 
putting high school laboratory assistants in the same schedule as 
teachers. These recommendations, submitted in a report of over 143 
pages, probably constitute the most exhaustive study ever made of 
New York teachers' salaries. No action was taken on this report, 
however, and the appeal was again made to the legislature. 

The "Equal Pay" Law 

After several unsuccessful attempts an "Equal Pay" bill was finally 
passed by the legislature in 1911, providing that "in the schedules of 
salaries hereafter adopted there shall be no discrimination based on 
the sex of the member." The schedules adopted, however, prevented 
the law from accomplishing even the purpose for which it was in- 
tended. The bonus for boys' classes was discontinued, and new "Equal 
Pay" schedules at a figure about 14 per cent, above the former salary 
of elementary school women and high school men were adopted. A 
series of amendments later to the equal pay law protected elementary 
school men in their former salaries, and left the problem still un- 
settled. The minimum salary for high school assistant teachers was 
reduced to $900, and was for many j^ears the lowest minimum salary 
paid to any regular teacher in the whole system. The high schools 
were further affected by the provision that only those who had been 
declared teachers of "superior merit" should receive the full salary 
advances and increments. 

The condition which produced the whole controversy remained 
unchanged, since practically no new men came into the elementary 
schools under the equal pay schedules, and those already in, or on 
the eligible lists, or in training school or college preparing for the 
examinations, received the old salaries, which were still far above 
the new equal pay schedules. 

Shortly after the adoption of the equal pay schedules the col- 
lapse of the retirement fund occurred, and before that was settled 
the increased cost of living had become so serious that general ad- 
justments seemed imperative. 

The Minimum Wage Fallacy 

The Davis Law was passed with the express purpose of establish- 
ing a minimum wage high enough to guarantee teachers a fixed and 
attractive standard of living, and neither at that time, nor to any 
noticeable extent since, does it seem to have occurred to advocates of 
a minimum wage law that a fixed number of dollars did not inevitably 



SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 69 

guarantee a fixed standard of living. In New South Wales, Justice 
Heydon of the Court of Industrial Arbitration handed down a deci- 
sion in March, 1914, that "as to the rise and fall of the laborer's 
wage in Sidney, I think on the whole that it should go up and down 
with the Commonwealth Statistician's tables on the purchasing power 
of the sovereign," but apparently no such action has ever been initi- 
ated. The Danish Parliament has recently discussed the same proposi- 
tion, but has stopped with the discussion. While it is true that teach- 
ers of Political Economy have repeatedly called attention to the weak- 
ness of our gold standard dollar, reminding us that it was really no 
more of a fixed standard than the primitive use of the "gird" of the 
king's waist as a standard yard, or the length of his pedal extremities as 
a foot, our legislative leaders blissfully ignored the patent fact that 
our whole stupendous financial system was built on a foundation as 
shifting as sand. 

The Shrinking Dollar 

One need not be a financier or college professor to see that the 
worldwide war has brought about an utterly unprecedented rise in 
the general price level, due primarily to an enormous increase in cur- 
rency and credits, and consequent decrease in the purchasing power of 
the dollar. The same change occurred in Europe in the sixteenth cen- 
tury, following the exploration and conquest of the New World; a 
similar change followed our own Revolution in the eighteenth century 
and our Civil War in the nineteenth century. None of these, however, 
was so universal or extreme as the present tidal wave of price in- 
creases. The former changes were due largely to a sudden influx of 
gold and silver or inflation by paper currency, while the present crisis 
is marked by an enormous extension of credits and greater use of 
checks as currency. Prices have increased in a curve exactly parallel 
with that of the increase in the circulating medium. The effect has 
been an economic disturbance whose scope, magnitude and duration 
exceed in seriousness any other phase of the war. Owners and manu- 
facturers of commodities have been enriched by a vast unearned 
increment, while everj'one living on a fixed income or salary has 
suffered an automatic, gradual reduction in salary on account of the 
diminishing purchasing power of the dollar. 

The Subminimum Wage of New York City Teachers 

In order to determine whether our recent salary increases are real 
or apparent, it is necessary to go back to some previous level of prices 
as a base, and then compare all changes in salaries with changes in the 
cost of living. Since fixed salary schedules begin with the Davis Law 
in 1900, we may take that as representing the base, or 100 per cent., for 
salarie.'^, and the average of wholesale prices for the preceding ten 
years — 1890-1899 — as the base, or 100 per cent., for the cost of Hving. 
Using the index figure of wholesale prices of 300 staple commodities, 
prepared by the United States Bureau of Labor Statistics, we get the 
following significant figures for the actual value of teachers' salaries 
in New York City from 1900 up to and including 1920: 

Year 1900 '01 '02 '03 '04 'OS '06 '07 '08 '09 '10 '11 

Index figure of Nominal 

Salary 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 

Inde.x figure of Cost of 

Living Ill 108 113 114 113 117 123 128 123 127 132 130 

Index figure of Real Sal- 
ary 90 93 88 88 88 85 81 78 81 80 76 77 



70 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Jan. July 

,, to July, to Dec, 

Year 1912 '13 '14 '15 '16 '17 '18 '19 1920 1920 

Index figure of Nominal 

Salary 114 114 114 114 114 114 114 118 135 217 

Index figure of Cost of 

Living 138 136 135 137 170 240 267 290 352 348 

Index figure of Real Sal- 
ary 83 84 84 83 67 48 43 41 38 62 

Under such conditions the nominal minimum wage is an economic 
delusion and a farce, being in reality a subminimum wage contrary to 
the spirit and purpose of the law, since the actual minimum salaries 
guaranteed to teachers by the Davis law have never been paid in 
full purchasing value, and the deficit has grown from 11% in 1900 
to 62% in the first half of 1920, as shown above. 

The blame for this wholesale reduction, however, can not be 
fastened on any individual or group of individuals, but must be attrib- 
uted primarily to a currency system less scientific than the wampum 
or cattle currency of primitive days. Had our currency been so stand- 
ardized as to be a stable medium of exchange, we might have been 
spared practically all the disturbances and hardships occasioned by 
the general advance in prices. Our trouble is due not so much to 
the advance in prices as to the difficulty in bringing about the universal 
standardization in prices and wages which must come before any eco- 
nomic peace is possible. 

The Crisis. 

The enormous increase in prices began in November, 1915. At 
that time the index figure of wholesale prices of all commodities (using 
January 1, 1900, as a base = 100) was 140, about the same as it had 
been since 1913. By the end of 1916 it had climbed to 198, and by 
December, 1917, to 249. In the fall of 1917 the suffering from reduced 
salaries had become so general and the complaints so insistent that 
it was quite apparent that further amendments to the state education law 
would be necessary. Consequently, at the meeting of the Directors of 
the Federation of Teachers' Associations in May, 1918, the president 
of the High School Teachers' Association moved that a committee 
be appointed to unify the efforts of all groups of teachers in securing 
adequate salary legislation at Albany. After long discussion, the 
motion was finally carried, and the following October a committee of 
25, representing all groups of teachers, began work. 

The Downing-Malone Teachers' Salary Bill 

The committee was unanimously in favor of complete equal pay 
schedules and the elimination of the old Davis Law schedules VT 
($1005-2160) and VH ($1500-2400) for men by the creation 
of a new 7A-9B, or intermediate school group. The chief point of 
disagreement was the question of additional compensation for boys' 
classes, which was left to a referendum vote of all city teachers. 
The result was overwhelmingly in favor of additional compensation 
for teachers of boys' classes above the fourth year, and a bill contain- 
ing that provision, full equalization of salaries, an average increase 
of about $600 per teacher, and many much-needed schedule-condition 
changes, was introduced by Senator Downing and Assemblyman 
Malone. After the customary hearings and amendments the Educa- 
tion Committee of the legislature abandoned the Downing-Malone bill 
at the last minute as too radical, and reported out a loosely drawn 
committee bill without bonuses, definite schedule conditions, or any 



SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 71 

increases for superintendents. An average increase of about 40 per 
cent, was to be distributed equally over three years, beginning January 
1, 1920. The bill also provided for the elimination of the former 
"superior merit" provision by a paragraph borrowed from the Downing- 
Malone bill. Formerly all high school teachers had been considered 
unsatisfactory until formally approved by the supervisors. The new 
law provided that the teacher "shall receive for any given year of 
service the salary and increment provided for the year which cor- 
responds to his year of service, unless his services for the year imme- 
diately preceding have been declared by a majority vote of the board 
of superintendents to be unsatisfactory, after opportunity to be heard." 

The Lockwood-Donohue Teachers' Salary Bill 

Before the new salary schedules made in 1919 took effect several 
bills had been drafted by teachers asking for still greater increases in 
1920. The first one to be passed by the 1920 legislature was the Lock- 
wood-Simpson Bill, which repealed the three-year spreading clause of 
the 1919 law after June 1st, 1920. This gave an increase of about 40 
per cent, over the 1919 schedules. Meanwhile a Merger Committee of 
all teachers' associations had agreed on a new bill providing 40 per 
cent, increase on all salary schedules having a maximum not exceeding 
$2,260, 30 per cent, on those not exceeding $4,000, and 20 per cent, for 
all others. As in the previous year, the bill drafted by the teachers 
was finally replaced by a hastily drawn committee bill somewhat less 
favorable in its terms and much more irregular in its schedules. This 
bill, called the amended Lockwood-Donohue bill, was passed and 
signed by Governor Smith, to take effect August 1st, 1920. 

In accordance with this law, the Committee on Finance, Salaries 
and Supplies of the Board of Education of the City of New York 
presented the following report and resolutions on June 16, 1920, and 
the resolutions were adopted : 

The Committee on Finance. Salaries and Supplies respectfully reports that 
it has given careful consideration to the provisions of the State Education Law 
as amended by Chapter 680 of the Laws of 1920. which law provides, in part, 
as follows: 

"The board of education of such city shall adopt schedules and schedule 
conditions to become effective on and after the first day of August, nineteen 
hundred and twenty, which schedules and schedule conditions shall fix the com- 
pensation or salaries of the members of the teaching and supervising staffs, as 
specified and required in the foregoing schedules, and shall also fix the compen- 
sation or salaries of all other members of the teaching and supervising staffs and 
of other employes of the board of education, whether on a per annum or a non- 
per annum basis, including, in addition to those falling within the foregoing 
schedules, the superintendent of schools, all associate, district or other superin- 
tendents, members of the board of examiners, assistant examiners, directors, assist- 
ant directors, inspectors, supervisors, special instructors, special teachers, admin- 
istrative assistants, clerical assistants, librarians, attendance officers, secretaries, 
auditors, clerks, teacher clerks and_ all officers and employes of said board of 
education, notwithstanding any provision to the contrary contained in the charter 
of such city or in any act relating to such city or in any general, special or 
local act." 

Your Committee offers for adoption the following 

RESOLUTIONS 

Resolved, That Section 65 of the By-Laws of the Board of Education be, 
and it is hereby, stricken out in its entirety and that there bd and is hereby 
adopted, in lieu thereof, the sub-joined new Section 65, to take effect August 
1, 1920. 

Resolved, That Section 65o of the By-Laws of the Board of Education be, 
and it is hereby, stricken out in its entirety and that there be. and is hereby, 
adopted, in lieu thereof, the sub-joined new Section 65a, to take effect August 
1, 1920. 

Salaries — General Regulations 

Sec. 65. 1. The salary, including the annual increment, to which a regular 
(not substitute) member of the supervising, teaching, or examining staff shall 



12 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

be entitled under a specific salary schedule existing at the time of the adoption 
of these by-laws shall not be reduced by reason of the operation of the schedules 
of salaries set forth in this section; nor shall a reg^ular teacher in service at 
the tiLJe of the adoption of these by-laws, on appointment or promotion to a 
higher position, receive a salary less than such teacher would have received by 
reason of experience if appointed or promoted to such higher position prior to 
the adoption of these by-laws. 

2. Teachers' annual salaries shall be paid in twelve equal installments, one 
installment for each month in the calendar year. The installment for July shall 
be paid, as nearly as m.ay be, on or before the 30th of June of each year. The 
installment for August shall be paid, as nearly as may be, on or before the first 
school day of the following September. In the case of a teacher who is dismissed 
frorn the service for cause, salary shall cease from the day of suspension from 
service. _ In case a teacher's license is not renewed, salary shall cease with the 
termination of actual service. 

3. One-twenty-fifth of a month's salary shall be deducted for every day of 
absent.^ on the part of a principal, supervisor, or teacher, unless such principal, 
supervisor, or teacher is excused for adequate cause, in accordance with these 
by-laws; but the aggregate deductions for all purposes in any one month shall 
not exceed the salary for that month. 

4. Subject to the conditions set forth in this section, a member of the super- 
vising and the teaching staff, or an attendance officer, serving under a schedule 
which provides for annual increments shall receive for any given year of service 
the salary and the increment provided in said schedule for the year which cor- 
responds to his or her year of service in such schedule, unless his or her services 
for the year imrnediately preceding have been declared by a majority vote of the 
Board of Superintendents to be unsatisfactory, after opportunity to be heard. 

5. No person serving in a supervising or teaching position at the date on 
which these schedules take effect, who shall have previously served in a lower 
position, shall receive for the higher position a salary less than the amount in the 
higher schedule next above that to which he or she would be entitled in the 
lower position. 

6. A teacher _ appointed or promoted to a higher position who shall have 
previously served in a lower position, the maximum salary of which is greater 
than the minimum salary of the higher position, shall be placed upon the appro- 
priate salary schedule at the salary next above that to which he or she would be 
entitled in the lower position, and shall thereafter advance in salary in accord- 
ance with the salary conditions applicable to the higher schedule. The date of 
annual increase in the higher schedule shall be the date fixed for the annual 
increase in the lower schedule. 

7. Salaries of newly appointed teachers shall begin on the date of the begin- 
ning of actual and personal service; the annual increase of all teachers shall 
begin on the anniversary of the date of commencement of service after appoint- 
ment, or on such equated date of appointment as shall result from an adjustment 
of allowance for experience. 

8. The certificate of the Superintendent of Schools that a principal, a super- 
visor, or a teacher has been credited by the Board of Examiners with a certain 
number of years of experience for service in schools other than the public schools 
of the City of New York, and the certificate of the Superintendent of Schools 
that a principal, a supervisor, or a teacher has rendered any number of years 
of satisfactory service in any part of what is now the City of New York, shall 
entitle such principal, supervisor, or teacher to the salary prescribed for the stated 
year of service by these by-laws. In reckoning service in the public schools of 
the City of New York, service as a substitute teacher rendered prior to January 
1, 1919. or as a teacher or principal in evening schools or vacation schools or 
playgrounds, or years of service formerly allowed in any borough in consideration 
of graduation from any training school, normal school, or college, shall not be 
counted. For substitute service rendered in day schools in the City of New York, 
or in clerical work in the schools or in the offices of the Board of Education, 
subsequently to January 1, 1919. the Board of Superintendents may, on applica- 
tion, grant a regularly appointed teacher credit for such service, year for year, 
not exceeding the equivalent of five school years (1,000 school days). In deter- 
mining the allowance for outside experience to be made to persons appointed as 
teachers in the day public schools, including elementary schools, high schools, 
vocational or trade schools, and schools for the deaf, the Board of Examiners may 
count one or more years of satisfactory service in a profession, or in a mechan- 
ical or mercantile occupation, or in a trade, as the equivalent of a certain num- 
ber of years of experience in teaching in the respective type of day public schools 
the subject or subjects related to the appointee's former profession, occupation, 
or trade. 

9. Teachers temporarily assigned to higher positions to which they have 
not been regularly appointed in accordance with law shall have no claim to the 
higher salary. 



SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 



73 



Annual Salary Schedules 
Professional Control 

Superintendent of Schools $12,000 

Associate Superintendent 8,250 

Member of Board of Examiners 7,700 

District Superintendent 6,600 

A District Superintendent assigned as Assistant to the Superintendent 

of Schools (during the continuance of the assignment) 7.500 

Director of Attendance 7,000 

Assistant Director of Attendance ._ 5,500 

Director of Reference. Research and Statistics 7,000 

Assistant Director of Reference, Research and Statistics 5,000 

Director of Lectures 6.600 

Assistant Director of Lectures 4,500 

Superintendent of Libraries. . 5,000 

Director of Vocational Activities 7,500 

Director of Community Centers. Vacation Schools and Vacation Play- 
grounds 6,000 

Director of Evening Schools and Continuation Classes 6,000 

Medical inspectors of ungraded children 3,600 

Physicians to examine candidates for licenses 2,600 

Executive Officials 

Secretary of Board of Education 6,500 

Assistant Secretary of Board of Education 5,000 

Chief Clerk of Board of Education 4,000 

Superintendent of School Bu.ldings. . 11,000 

Deputy Superintendent of School Buildings 5,500 

Deputy Superintendent of School Buildings 5,500 

Deputy Superintendent of School Buildings 5,500 

Deputy Superintendent of School Buildings 5,500 

Deputy Superintendent of School Buildings 4,500 

Superintendent of School Supplies 8,250 

Deputy Superintendent of School Supplies 4,000 

Superintendent of Plant Operation ^'599 

Auditor 7,500 

Deputy Auditor 6,000 



Service 
Year 



High and Training Schools 

Ud Hal lib Ua Uc 

Principals Adm. Asst. 1st Asst. Asst.. Mod. Cler., Lab., 

Crit. Lib., PI., Inv. 



1st $5,500 

2nd 

3rd 

♦th 

5th 

6th 

7th 

8th 

9th , 

10th 

Ilth 

12th 

13th and subsequent yrs 



$2,405 $3,200 $1,900 $1,400 

6,000 2,600 3,400 2,050 1,500 

6,500 2,680 3,600 2,200 1,600 

6,500 2,760 3,800 3,350 1,700 

6,500 2.940 4,000 2.500 1,800 

6,500 3,120 4,200 2,650 1,900 

6.500 3.300 4,200 2,800 2,000 

6,500 3.480 4200 2,950 2.100 

6,500 3,660 4,200 3,100 2,200 

6.500 3,840 4,200 3,250 2,300 

6 500 4 020 4.200 3,400 2,400 

6.500 4,200 4,200 3,550 2,400 

6,500 4,380 4,200 3,700 2,400 

Schedule Hal shall apply in all cases only during the continuance of assign- 
ment by the Board of Education, on the recommendation of the Board of Super- 
intendents. 

In schedule lib credited gross teaching service in high or training schools 
over and above five years shall be counted. 

First assistants placed in charge of annexes or assigned as administrative 
assistants shall receive a maximum of $4,380 after five years' service as such. 

Regular teachers permanently employed in continuation classes or schools 
shall be paid in accordance with schedule I& (Min. $1,600, Incr. $150, Max. $3,250). 

(Other annual salary schedules will be found in the table on page 64.) 

Evening Schools 

Schedule VII 

Per Evening 

Principals of evening high and evening trade schools $9.10 

General assistants in evening high and evening trade schools 6.50 

Teachers in evening high and evening trade schools 6.50 

Laboratory assistants in evening high and evening trade schools 3.90 

Principals of evening elementary schools . . ._ 7.80 

Teachers in charge of evening elementary schools having no principals 

but having twelve classes or more 6.50 



74 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Teachers in charge of evening elementary schools having no principals 

but having less than tw^elve classes $5.20 

General assistants in evening elementary schools 3.90 

Teachers in evening elementary schools 3.90 

Supervisors of special subjects 7.80 

Substitute teachers of trade subjects in evening high and evening trade 

schools 6.50 

Substitute teachers of other subjects in evening high and evening trade 

schools 3.90 

Substitute teachers of trade subjects in evening elementary schools 3.90 

Substitute teachers of other subjects in evening elementary schools 2.60 

Toolboys 1.95 

18. The schedules, schedule conditions, and provisions in this section con- 
tained, adopted pursuant to the provisions of Chapter 680 of the Laws ©f 1920, 
shall not be considered or construed as providing an increase in any salary 
beyond that specified in the said schedules and schedule conditions unless such 
increase is expressly and specifically hereinbefore set forth. 

Anning S. Prall, John A. Ferguson, Geo. J. Ryan, 

Committee on Finance, Salaries and Supplies. 

Auditor Cook estimates that the new salary legislation will in- 
crease the teachers pay roll from $43,800,000 on December 31, 1919, to 
$77,250,000 on December 31, 1921. Elementary schools advance from 
$37,625,157 to $67,941,118, about 80%. High Schools go from $6,191,140 
to $9,321,630, an increase of a little over 50%. These figures include, 
of course, the regular growth and expansion of the school system, the 
actual increase in salary schedules being somewhat less. 

If general price levels eventually fall, as has been predicted, about 
40% below their highest peak in 1920, it will leave the elemen- 
tary salaries somewhat better, and the high school schedules consider- 
ably lower, proportionately, than they were in 1900. The teachers who 
succeeded in weathering the cyclone of high prices by sacrificing in- 
vestments, savings, insurance, and even homes, have only the consola- 
tion that they learned to practice a degree of economy which would 
have seemed absolutely impossible in advance. Perhaps it will enable 
them eventually to get back a small part of the many thousands of 
dollars which the shrinkage in salary values cost every teacher. The 
loss to the school children who went through that period of diminished 
teaching efficiency is irreparable, and it will be many years before its 
disastrous effects have entirely disappeared. 

Radical Changes Needed 

A fair and adequate system of salary schedules and conditions 
for public school teachers should have at least the following elements : 

1. Uniform mandatory minimum salaries, based on standards of 
living. 

2. Fixed annual increments, automatic unless service is declared 
unsatisfactory after an impartial hearing of both sides of the 
question. 

3. Pay for position, regardless of sex. 

4. An initial salary high enough to attract first-class men and 
women. 

5. Additional compensation for extra difficulties or requirements. 

6. Differentials based on eligibility requirements and the character 
of the work, including the dignity of the position. 

7. A margin far enough above the legal minimum to protect 

teachers from the usual fluctuations in price. 

8. Such financing as will guarantee generous support for educa- 
tion without legislative campaigning by teachers and their 
friends. 



SALARY SCHEDULES AND CONDITIONS 75 

Twenty-five years ago New York City had none of these essentials. 
Well-organized work by teachers and supervisors secured the first 
three points by order of the state legislature, after twenty years of 
persistent fighting. The campaign has been started for some other 
reforms, and the next session of the legislature will probably see con- 
siderable radical school legislation. 

The ultimate goal toward which all progressive school legislation 
must tend is the elevation of teaching to a real profession, with stand- 
ards and ideals commensurate with the unparalleled importance of the 
work. The foundation of genuine democracy is liberal education, and 
only the highest types of men and women should be entrusted with 
(he paramount function of public education. Teachers should be 
the most perfectly developed, highly paid and highly honored citizens 
of the state. In order to reach this goal, we must have a gradual rais- 
ing of standards and salaries for teachers until the teaching profes- 
sion is able to attract and hold the best men and women our col- 
leges can produce. The public must be educated up to the point where 
they realize that in teaching as well as in industries cheap labor is 
the most expensive and the best talent available is usually the cheap- 
est in the end. 'Some day parents and other taxpayers will under- 
stand that our children are entitled to the best education that money 
can buy, and that funds spent in improving our schools should not 
be considered an expense, but rather an investment whose dividends, 
in the form of better citizenship, represent the most profitable and 
beneficent use for which money can be employed. 

C. R. J. 



THE TEACHERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM OF 
NEW YORK CITY 

The modern pension system is a product of tiie industrial revolu- 
tion of the nineteenth century which transferred to the corporation and 
the municipality the functions of the private employer, including his 
paternal interest in the welfare and happiness of his workmen. Old 
age pensions for workmen are practically universal in Europe, Ger- 
many having the most complete and successful system. The United 
States is the only great nation today that has no national system of 
old age and disabihty insurance. 

The pensioning of school teachers is based on the following facts 
of sociology: 

1. Teachers will not save enough to protect themselves and depend- 
ents imless forced to do so by some system of compulsory savings. 
This is due largely to the fact that the teacher is generally in a much 
higher plane socially than financially, having little contact with money- 
making enterprises. Consequently, every salary increase or surplus 
is already mortgaged to the attainment of a higher standard of living. 

2. Municipalities will not dismiss faithful teachers who lose their 
efficiency but _ have no resources other than their salaries. Political, 
religious, social and charitable influences almost invariably outweigh 
the cold-blooded principles of business efficiency in such cases, although 
a worn-out workman does more harm in school than in any other 
occupation. 

3. For psychological rather than mathematical reasons, the ideal 
pension system should be supported by equal contributions from em- 
ployer and employee. Since the money to pay pensions comes primarily 
from the employer, the administration of a pension fund would be 
much simplified if the funds passed directly from the employer to 
the annuitant, eliminating all the clerical work entailed by a contrib- 
utory plan of any kind. The objections made to this method are 
that it looks too much like charity; that it ignores a valuable oppor- 
tunity for co-operation between employer and employee; that it benefits 
a few at the expense of many, and that it tends to prevent salary 
increases. 

These objections, which are more academic than practical, are 
met by the partly-contributory system, in which half the expense of 
the pension comes theoretically from the teacher's salary, and is to 
a certain extent under his supervision and control. Although the 
difference is largely a matter of bookkeeping, the fact that the contri- 
butions come nominally from the employee's salary before passing into 
the pension reserve fund gives the employee a voice in the management 
of the fund and a genuine interest in its permanency and solvency. 

The history of municipal pension systems in New York City begins 
with the Police Pension Fund in 1857 and the Fire Department Relief 
Fund in 1871. Brooklyn teachers attempted to establish a retirement 
fund in 1879 but nothing came of it until 1894, when a half pay pension, 
not to exceed $1000, was provided for New York City teachers, to be 
supported chiefly by absence deductions. A similar plan, calling for a 
1% deduction from teachers salaries, was instituted in Brooklyn in 1895- 

76 



TEACHERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM 77 

In 1901 both funds were consolidated on a new basis, and in 1905 
further changes were made, providing for a half pay disability pension 
and also a service pension after 30 years. This fund was to be main- 
tained by deductions of 1% from teachers salaries and 5% of the city's 
excise money. It was not based on actuarial computations, but was 
conducted in much the same hand-to-mouth way as the thousands of 
fraternal assessment and mutual benefit organizations whose wrecks 
characterize the history of amateur life insurance projects. 

The fundamental fallacy in all assessment insurance schemes is 
the failure to reckon all members, including "new blood," as liabilities. 
The promoters of these "mutual benefit" orders ignore the fact that 
every contributor is not only a present asset, but to a much greater 
extent a future liability, and that the addition of "new blood" to a 
system not actuarially sound adds liabilities faster than resources. 
Eventually the members of every assessment company learn that the 
only cheap insurance is safe insurance, and tliat the only safe insur- 
ance is that backed by a legally enforceable contract to pay a definite 
sum in return for a definite consideration. A mutual agreement be- 
tween members to share losses equally does not constitute an enforce- 
able contract to pay annuities, as many an annuitant has learned when 
it was too late. The only permanent pension system is that resting 
on a contractual obligation, with a definite consideration based on 
actuarial coniputations. The truth of this statement has been estab- 
lished by sad experience in many foreign countries, especially England 
and New South Wales, and by the failure of state pension systems 
in Maryland, Virginia and New Jersey, and of city systems in Boston, 
Providence, Newport, Cincinnati, Indianapolis, San Francisco, Phila- 
delphia and New York. 

It took New York City sixty years, from 1857 to 1917, to learn 
the futility of the cash disbursement plan for employees' pensions. 
The Police Fund, established in 1857, could not fail, as the city was 
bound by law to make up any deficiencies. The Teachers' Fund, estab- 
lished in 1894, had no such guarantee, the law stipulating, on th^ 
contrary, that the number of annual retirements should be so limited 
that the entire amount of annuitizes to be paid in any one year should 
not exceed the estimated income of the fund in that year. The fund 
was never actuarially solvent, and was practically bankrupt by 1910, 
when there was a deficit of $48,142. A full account of the, matter 
will be found in the Report on the Teachers' Retirement Fund, made 
by Mayor Gaynor's Committee on Pensions in 1915. 

In 1917 a bill prepared by the Mayor's Pension Committee, in 
co-operation with the Federation of Teachers' Associations, was passed 
by the legislature and became a law under Section 1092 of the 
Greater New York Charter, establishing the present Teachers' Retire- 
ment Association of the City of New York. The following are the 
main provisions of this act: 



Membership 

1. All members of the teaching and supervising staff of the public 
day schools of the City of New York holding permanent licenses, in- 
cluding "all employees of the Board of Education appointed to regular 
positions in the service of the public schools, at annual salaries, and 
whose appointments were made, or shall hereafter be made, as the 
result of examinations held by the Board of Examiners of the Depart- 
ment of Education." 



78 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

2. "All teachers without a permanent license who shall file a state- 
ment in writing with the Retirement Board consenting to membership 
in the Retirement Association and to reductions for annuity purposes 
provided in the act." 

3. "All transferred contributors." (From other city departments.) 

All who were in the school system on August 1, 1917, are classed as 
present teachers. Those who entered subsequent to that date are new 
entrants. 

Managemekt 

The business of the Retirement Association is handled by the 
Retirement Board, consisting of the following members for 1921 : 

The President of the Board of Education — Anning S. Prall. 

The Comptroller of the City of New York — Charles L. Craig. 

Two members appointed by the Mayor (one of whom must be a 
member of the Board of Education) — Thos. W. Churchill and 
John A. Ferguson. 

Three teacher members — Frederick Z. Lewis, Agnes M. Craig, and 
Rufina A. Carls. 

One teacher member is elected each year in the following manner : 
On the first Thursday in May the contributors in each public school 
meet in their respective schools at 3 P. M. and elect from their number, 
by ballot, one delegate for each ten contributors or major fraction 
thereof in said school. 

On the second Thursday in May the school delegates in each 
district meet at 3 P. M. at one of the schools in the district and elect 
from their number a district representative and alternate. On the 
following Thursday the district representatives meet at 3 p. M. at the 
hall of the Board of Education and elect a contributor to serve as a 
member of the Retirement Board for three years. 

Funds 
1., Contributed by the city: 

(a) An amount sufficient to provide for each contributor a 
pension of 25 per cent, of his average* salary for service 
retirement, or 20 per cent, for disability retirement. 

(b) An amount sufficient to provide for "present teachers" 
an additional pension of five-sevenths of one per cent, of 
the average salary for each year of service prior to August 
1, 1917. 

(c) An amount sufficient to meet all other obligations imposed 
on the city by the provisions of the pension law. 

2. Contributed by teachers : 

(a) New entrants contribute such a percentage of their annual 
salary as will be sufficient at the time of retirement to 
provide an annuity of 25 per cent, of the average salary. 



* "Average salary" shall mean the average annual salary earnable by a con- 
tributor for the ten years immediately preceding retirement, except that in case 
a contributor shall retire prior to the first day of January, nineteen hundred and 
twenty-two, average salary shall mean the average annual salary earnable by the 
contributor since the first day of January, nineteen hundred and twelve. 



TEACHERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM 79 

(b) "Present teachers" have the following options: 

A. Three per cent, of the earnable salary. 

B. Such a per cent, of the earnable salary as will be 
sufficient to provide at age 65 an annuity which, when 
added to the pension given by the city, will furnish 
a retirement allowance of 50 per cent, of the average 
salary. 

C. Any amount greater than 3 per cent. 

Benefits 

A. Disability Retirement : Teachers who have had ten years or 
more of city service may be retired for disability on certification of 
the medical board that the contributor is physically or mentally inca- 
pacitated for the performance of duty. The disability retirement 
allowance is : 

(1) A pension of 20 per cent, of the average salary. 

(2) An annuity actuarially equivalent to the sum of the 
teacher's accumulated contributions at the time of retire- 
ment. 

(3) An additional pension for "present teachers" of five- 
sevenths of one per cent, of the average salary for each 
year of service prior to August 1, 1917. 

B. Service Retirement : Any contributor may be retired for 
service upon written application to the retirement board ; provided 

(1) He has reached or passed the age of 65 years; or 

(2) If he was in service on August 1, 1917, and has a total 
service of 35 years or more ; or 

(3) If an entrant since August 1, 1917, he has a total service 
of 35 years or more, at least 20 of which shall have been 
city service. 

Compulsory service retirement takes place at the age of 70, or at 
the end of the term in which the age of 70 is attained. 
Service Retirement Allowance : 

(1) A pension of 25 per cent of the average salary. 

(2) Same as for disability. 

(3) Same as for disability. 

C. Death Benefit for Contributors Eligible for Retirement : "Upon 
the death of a contributor before retirement there shall be paid to 
his estate or to such person as he shall have nominated by written 
designation duly executed and filed with the retirement board (a) his 
accumulated deductions; and in addition thereto (b) an amount equal 
to the salary earnable by him during the six months immediately pre- 
ceding his death, provided that at the time of his death he had attained 
the age of 65 years, of had a total service of 33 years and was eligible 
for service retirement." 

This provision differs very radically from the procedure required 
by state law for insurance companies under similar circumstances. 
The teacher eligible for retirement has earned and paid for what is 
in effect a matured endowment policy payable in annual installments. 
Such policies are made non-forfeitable and non-lapsing in the state 
law, and the full face value of the policy is the property of the in- 
sured as completely as if it were deposited in a savings bank in his 
name. The teacher's pension, on the other hand, by the provisions of 
this section, reverts to the city, with the exception of one-half a year's 
salary, which in most cases the city would have already saved by the 
decrease in the number of annuities payable. New entrants would 
lose half their retirement allowance, and "present teachers" would lose 
a much higher proportion. Since the present rates were computed 



80 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

on the basis of no pension or annuity payments for teachers not ac- 
tually retired, it would probably be necessary to charge a higher rate 
for those who wished to have the retirement benefit considered as a 
matured endowment at the completion of the service period. This 
could be handled as an additional option obtainable at any time by 
payment of the extra amount or rate required. 

It would also be possible, and in most cases very desirable, to 
provide another option under which a term policy of life insurance 
maturing at the date of the completion of the service period, could 
be offered in conjunction with the endowment feature, thus protect- 
ing the dependents of the teacher under all circumstances. 

D. Retirement after Thirty Years' Service: Any contributor 
may, if a present teacher, retire on written application to the retire- 
ment board after he has completed 30 years of service upon a retire- 
ment allowance consisting of 

(1) An annuity which shall be the actuarial equivalent of his 
accumulated deductions ; and in addition thereto 

(2) Such pension as shall be certified by the actuary of the re- 
tirement board to have an actuarial value equivalent to 
the reserve which would be in the contingent reserve fund 
had the city contributed on account of such present teacher 
from the date of his entrance into service in such manner 
as is provided for the city's contributions on behalf of 
new entrants in subdivision F, paragraph 2, of this act, 
the amount determined by the actuary of the retirement 
board to be necessary to provide for the death benefit and 
the pension reserve required at the time of retirement to 
pay the pension allowable by the city as provided in this 
act. In determining the amount of the reserve the actuary 
of the retirement board shall base his calculations on the 
tables then in use as the basis for determining the rates 
of contribution required of the city on account of new 
entrants." 

Here again the teacher loses part of his earned and accrued pen- 
sion, since the annuity purchasable by his own accumulated deduc- 
tions is comparativel}' insignificant for present teachers, the deficit 
being made good under regular retirement conditions by the additional 
five-sevenths of one per cent, provided by subdivision. M, paragraph 
1-c. At present the 30-year retirement allowance amounts to about 
25 per cent. 

E. Return of Contributions : On the termination of a contrib- 
utor's membership in the retirement association in any way, his accu- 
mulated deductions are returned in full with compound interest at 4 
per cent. In case of dismissal he receives also the amount of his con- 
tributions to the old pension fund prior to August 1, 1917. 

It is especially noticeable that under benefits C, D and E, the 
teacher's contributions and the city's contributions to make up previous 
deficiencies in teacher contributions are treated as deferred salary, 
returnable in all cases to the teacher, on the savings bank plan, while 
the pension proper, as distinguished from the annuity, is treated as a 
gratuity on which the teacher has no claim until retired. This reduces 
the cost to the city materially without decreasing the retirement allow- 
ance. It also puts a premium on the completion of the full service 
retirement period. 



TEACHERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM 81 

F. Options : Since the teacher who applies for retirement at the 
completion of the service requirement is entitled to the full reserve 
fund accumulated for his benefit, he is given the privilege, as in an 
insurance company, of selecting the method of payment. He may 
select any modification of the method of paying his retirement allow- 
ance, "provided such other benefit or benefits, together with such 
lesser annuity, or lesser pension, or lesser retirement allowance shall 
be certified by the actuary of the retirement board to be of equivalent 
actuarial value, and shall be approved by the retirement board." 

The following typical variations are suggested in the law : 

Under Option I the teacher receives in lieu of his ordinary retire- 
ment allowance a smaller allowance, with the provision that if he should 
die before he has received in monthly payments the amount of the 
reserve on his allowance at the time of retirement, the balance shall 
be paid to his estate or his beneficiary. 

For example, a man teacher eligible for an ordinary service allow- 
ance of $1,000 a year upon retirement at age 60 would be entitled to a 
benefit having a reserve of $9,233.00. If he chose Option Number I 
he would receive $780.30 per year instead of $1,000; but if he should 
die at the end of one year there would be paid to his estate or to 
some designated person having an insurable interest in his life, $9,233.00 
less $780.30, or $8,452.70, which is the balance of the reserve. If he 
should die at the end of 5 years, $5,331.50 would be payable to his 
estate, and so on until he had received payments to the amount of 
$9,233.00, after which there would be no payments in the event of 
his death. The annual allowance of $780.30, however, would continue 
to the pensioner as long as he lived. 

Option II provides for taking in lieu of the ordinary retirement 
allowance, a smaller allowance with the provision that upon his death 
the allowance shall be continued during the lifetime of such person 
as he shall have nominated at the time the option was chosen. 

For example, if a teacher at age 60 and eligible for $1,000 service 
allowance should elect Option Number II and nominate a person at 
age 56 having an insurable interest in his life as his beneficiary, he 
would receive an allowance of $681.40 per year, instead of $1,000 per 
year, during his lifetime, and upon his death $681.40 per year would 
be paid to the beneficiary as long as she lived. 

Option III gives the privilege of taking in lieu of the ordinary 
retirement allowance a smaller allowance, with the provision that it 
shall be continued at one-half the rate to any person nominated at the 
time the option was chosen. 

For example, if a man teacher at age 60, eligible for $1,000 service 
allowance, should elect Option Number III and nominate a person at 
age 56, having an insurable interest in his life, as his beneficiary, he 
would receive an allowance of $810.60 per year, instead of $1,000 per 
year, during his lifetime, and upon his death $405.30 per year would 
be paid to the beneficiary as long as she lived. 

A teacher desiring to select an optional benefit must do so before 
his retirement allowance is officially approved — preferably at the time 
of making application for retirement. If no option is selected the an- 
nuitant receives the maximum allowance purchasable by his reserve 
as long as he lives, whether he dies before or after the period of his 
expectancy. His death terminates the city's obligation on his account, 
since by the law of averages nis reserve would be all paid out by 
tnat time. 

NOTE: The figures given in the examples illustrate the case of a man and 
his wife. 



82 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Rates of Contribution 

New entrants are required to contribute a rate computed to give 
them a full allowance of at least one-half the average salary on service 
retirement. Present teachers are not required to pay rates which will 
provide the full allowance, but may reduce their contributions to as 
low as 3 per cent, or to such rate as will insure half the average 
salary upon attaining age 65, if that age is attained after more than 
35 years of service. Present teachers who reduce their rates below 
the required figure will receive reduced allowances on retirement, and 
no teacher paying only 3 per cent will receive a full allowance at the 
end of 35 years of service. Rates of contribution to obtain a full 
allowance which are applicable to present teachers are not published 
because they depend upon and vary with the past contributions of the 
teacher, the prior service, the subsequent service and the age of the 
teacher. Individual rates are figured for teachers who make appli- 
cation to the retirement board. 

Subject to such terms and conditions and to such rules and reg- 
ulations as the retirement board may adopt, any contributor from time 
to time may: 

(a) Increase or decrease his rate of contribution to the annuity 
savings fund, but in no event shall the contribution of a present teacher 
be less than the minimum contribution, nor shall the contribution of a 
new entrant be at a rate less than the per centum rate provided for 
said new entrant in subdivision F-five-b. 

(b) If a present teacher, withdraw from his individual account in 
the annuity savings fund the amount in excess of his minimum accu- 
mulation. 

(c) Withdrawn, after having become eligible for service retire- 
ment, such part of his accumulated deductions as shall be in excess of 
the amount necessary to procure for him an annuity which, if added 
to his prospective pension, will yield a retirement allowance of 50 per 
centum of his average salary. 

The following tables show the rates for new entrants. The amount 
indicated is the minimum necessary to provide half pay on retirement 
after 35 years of service, and is deducted monthly from the teacher's 
salary check. 

C. R. J. 



TEACHERS' RETIREMENT SYSTEM 



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VII 

THE HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 
OF NEW YORK CITY 



The High School Teachers Association was founded March 2, 
1900, for the purpose of stimulating and unifying the efforts of high 
school teachers to promote the best interests of secondary education. 
Starting with 174 members, in the boroughs of Manhattan and the 
Bronx only, it has grown to a membership of 1,976 drawn from 
twenty-eight high schools scattered throughout the five boroughs of 
the greater city. The following table shows the gradual growth of 
the association under the successive presidents : 

Year President Members 

1900-1901 Frank Rollins 174 

1901-1902 " " 246 

1902-1903 James J. Sheppard 318 

1903-1904 " " " 391 

1904-1905 Charles H. J. Douglas 456 

1905-1906 James F. Wilson 494 

1906-1907 " " " 734 

1907-1908 John L. Tildsley 577 

1908-1909 " " " 555 

1909-1910 Arthur L. Janes 579 

1910-1911 " " " 685 

1911-1912 William T. Morrey 731 

1912-1913 " " " 856 

1913-1914 " " " 897 

1914-1915 Alexander L. Pugh 792 

1915-1916 " " " 1071 

1916-1917 Fred C. White 1092 

1917-1918 " " " 870 

1918-1919 Clyde R. Jeffords 1064 

1919-1920 " " " 1320 

1920-1921 Harold E. Buttrick 1976 

1921-1922 Walter E. Foster 

85 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



SCHOOL MEMBERSHIP 



School 1921 

Bay Ridge 25 

Boys 122 

Bryant 47 

Bushwick 61 

Commercial 73 

Curtis 47 

De Witt Clinton 108 

Eastern District 70 

Erasmus Hall 100 

Evander Cliilds 109 

Far Rockaway 6 

Flushing 30 

Girls' 68 

Girls' Commercial 39 

George Washington 35 

Haaren 12 

H. S. of Commerce 122 

Jamaica 44 

Julia Richman 124 

Manual Training 134 

Morris 135 

Newtown 18 

New Utrecht 25 

Richmond Hill S3 

Stuyvesant 135 

Theodore Roosevelt IS 

Wadleigh 60 

Washington Irving 162 

Total 1976 



1920 
27 

110 
39 
74 
27 
29 
42 
41 
78 
92 
5 

12 
42 
22 



109 
28 
88 
84 
95 
14 
1 
40 
30 
46 
64 
81 



1919 
31 
75 
35 

55 

39 

40 

52 
47- 

15 
65 



2 
23 
SO 
96 
136 
12 



30 
54 
66 



1918 
23 
65 
35 
28 
41 
15 
35 
37 
36 
35 
7 
10 
50 



20 
20 
57 
58 
116 
9 
18 
24 
38 

51 
42 



1917 
29 
72 
36 
66 
30 
25 
58 
54 
46 
61 
4 
15 
50 



42 
26 
45 
63 
142 
12 
18 
30 
71 

30 
69 



1916 
29 
70 
39 
59 
28 
35 

110 

SO 

54 

33 

2 

16 
30 



SO 
23 
•!3 

77 

105 

8 

14 

25 



35 
106 



1320 1064 



870 1092 1071 



The business of the association is carried on in three forms, as 
provided in the constitution. Standing and special committees, ap- 
pointed by the president, make preliminary investigations, prepare 
reports, and submit recommendations to the Board of Representatives, 
which meets monthly and is the body by which practically all the busi- 
ness of the association, except the election of officers, is performed. 
The chief function of the general meetings, held quarterly, is to hear 
speakers of prominence present subjects of general importance. Amend- 
ments to the constitution, as well as the annual election of officers, must 
be handled by the general meeting. Section meetings of the various de- 
partments are now held independently in whatever way the section 
officers prefer. 

The most valuable work done by the association is to be found in 
the studies and reports of special committees, published regularly in 
the bulletins of the association, or in the yearbooks. 

Legislative and other business requiring co-operation with other 
teachers' organizations is usually handled by the Board of Directors 
of the Federation of Teachers Associations of New York City. Each 
association, of which there are about seventy, is represented on the 



HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 87 

Board of Directors by its president. As high school teachers consti- 
tute only one eighth of the total teaching force of the city, they are 
a small minority in the Board of Directors of the Federation, and 
their representative is frequently compelled, as a member of a demo- 
cratic organization, to acquiesce in measures far from acceptable to the 
majority of the members of his association. The natural tendency 
of the minority in such cases to "bolt" and run an independent cam- 
paign has generally been disastrous and is apt to defeat its own pur- 
pose. Although the strongly centralized power of the Federation has 
aroused considerable resentment among many groups of teachers, it 
has worked better as a whole than any other system so far devised, and 
has been the chief agent in effecting all the important school legislation 
passed since its organization. Plans are now maturing for a new com- 
prehensive association with a somewhat different basis of representation, 
and it is hoped that this will result in bringing about the union of all 
the heterogeneous elements into one harmonious association. 

C. R. J. 



Officers 

President, Walter E. Foster Stuyvesant High School 

611 West 158th St., Manhattan. Tel. Audubon 5600. 

Vice-President, Mary T. Dowd Washington Irving High School 

22 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn. Tel. Main 8334 

Secretary, Gracia Fernandez de Arias New Utrecht High School 

600 West 114th St., Manhattan 

Treasurer, Loring B. Mullen Girls' High School 

917 Rugby Road, Brooklyn. Tel. Midwood 2281-W. 

Additional Members of the Executive Committee 

Sara H. Fahey Manual Training High School, Brooklyn 

191 Lincoln Place, Brooklyn. Tel. Sterling 1080. 

Ralph W. Haller Boys High School, Brooklyn 

30 McDonough St., Brooklyn 

Dela P. MussEY Morris High School, Bronx 

672 St. Nicholas Ave., Manhattan. Tel. Audubon 4312 

Francis H. J. Paul DeWitt Clinton High School, Manhattan 

35 Bow St., Forest Hills, L. I. Tel. Boulevard 6722 

Alexander L. Pugh High School of Commerce, Manhattan 

Pomona, N. Y. Tel. Spring Valley 49 F-2 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Senior Representatives, 1921-2 

LoLABEL Hall, Bay Ridge High School 

Ralph W. Haller, Boys' High School 

Vincent J. Loughran, Bryant High School 

Anna E. Stanton, Bushwick High School 

Thomas F. Lynch, Commercial High School 

Frank E. Kerr, Curtis High School 

William Volckhausen, DeWitt Clinton High School 

Frederick H. Paine, Eastern District High School 

Preston C. Farrar, Erasmus Hall High School 

Margaret W. Hall, Evander Childs High School 

Edwin A. Barnes, Far Rockaway High School 

Warren W. Read, Flushing High School 

Heram H. Bice, George Washington High School 

LoRiNG B. Mullen, Girls' High School 

Grace Helene Miller. Girls' Commercial High School 

Lewis C. Williams, Haaren High School 

Julius Blume, High School of Commerce 

John G. Dunbar, Jamaica High School 

Agnes Farrell, Julia Richman High School 

Louis Taylor, Manual Training High School 

Sanford L. Cutler, Morris High School 

George H. Kingsbury, Newtown High School 

Meyer Weiner, New Utredit High School 

Henry A. Storer, Richmond Hill High School 

Simeon H. Klafter, Stuyvesant High School 

Spencer P. Jacobia, Theodore Roosevelt High School 

Helen E. Bacon, Wadleigh High School 

Mary T. Dowd, Washington Irving High School 



Constitution 

Article I — Name 

Section 1. This organization shall be known as the High School 
Teadiers' Association of New York City. 

Article II — Object 

Section 1. The object of this association shall be the advancement 
of secondary education and the promotion of teachers' interests. 



HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 89 



Article III — Membership 

Section 1. Any teacher in a public high school in New York 
City may become a member of this association by paying the annual 
dues to the Treasurer, or to the Senior Representative. Membership 
shall cover the school year, from October 1 to September 30. 

Sec. 2. The membership lists shall be open at any time to any 
member. 

Article IV — Officers 

Section 1. The officers of this association shall constitute the 
Executive Committee. They shall be a President, Vice-President, 
Secretary, Treasurer, and five other members. 

Sec. 2. The duties of these officers shall be such as usually devolve 
upon the officers named. 

Sec. 3. For the purpose of nominating officers of the association, 
the senior representatives of all the high schools that have membership 
in the association shall act as a nominating committee. The meetings 
of this committee shall be held on the first school Tuesday of April 
in each year at the hour and place designated by the executive com- 
mittee. The executive committee shall send a written notice of the 
meeting to the several senior representatives not later than two weeks 
before the date set for the meeting. The treasurer of the association 
or his representative shall be present at the meeting of the nominating 
committee. He shall have with him the official membership list of the 
association and shall certify the number of votes to which each school 
is entitled in accordance with the schedule in the next following para- 
graph. For purposes of voting, every school shall be accredited with 
all memberships paid before and up to the hour set for the meeting 
of the nominating committee of senior representatives. 

The nominating committee as described in the preceding paragraph 
shall elect a Chairman and a Secretary, and shall then proceed to 
nominate candidates for the several offices. Voting shall be by ballot, 
and a majority of all the votes cast shall be necessary for nomination. 
The number of votes which a representative may cast shall depend 
upon the number of members in the school as certified to by the 
Treasurer, and shall be in accordance with the following schedule : 

Number of Members Number of Votes Alloived 

1 to 25 1 

25 to 50 2 

51 to 75 3 

76 to 100 4 

101 to 125 5 

126 to 150 6 etc. 

Only one candidate shall be nominated for each office. 

Within twenty-four hours after the adjournment of the meeting 
of the nominating committee, the representative who acted as S.ecretary 
shall mail to the Secretary of the association the list of candidates 
for the several offices. To this list both the Chairman and the Secre- 
tary of the nominating committee shall affix their signatures. The 
Secretary of the association, upon receipt of this hst, shall, on or before 
the second school Tuesday in April, send copies for posting to the 
principals of all the high schools that are represented in the association. 



90 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITV 

Nothing in this Section shall be so construed as to prevent nomina- 
tions for the several offices of the association (in addition to those 
previously made by the nominating committee) from being made from 
the floor at the time of the regular election. 

Sec. 4. Officers shall be elected at the last regular meeting of the 
school year. Election shall be by ballot, and a majority of the votes 
cast shall be necessary for an election. 

Article V — Board of Representatives 

Section 1. There shall be a board of representatives consisting of 
the members of the executive committee and of the representatives 
chosen from the several high schools; each school is to be entitled 
to one representative for every ten members of the association, pro- 
vided, however, that each school shall be entitled to at least one 
representative. 

Sec. 2. After 1905, representatives shall be elected by ballot dur- 
ing the week preceding the regular meeting in May, and shall hold 
office for one year ; in 1905, the time of election shall be fixed by 
the executive committee. Due notice of such election shall be given 
to each school by the President. Vacancies shall be filled by special 
election by members in the school concerned. 

Sec. 3. The board of representatives shall meet on the last school 
Tuesday of each month, excepting September and June, and shall have 
the power to act upon all matters affecting the association. 

Sec. 4. The President of the association shall be ex-officio chait- 
man of the board of representatives. 

Article VI — Committees 

Section 1. There shall be an executive committee, consisting of 
the four officers and five other members chosen by ballot at the 
same time and in the same manner as the officers. The executive com- 
mittee shall approve all appropriations of funds and shall audit and 
direct the payment of all bills. 

Sec. 2. There shall be a committee on teachers' interests consist- 
ing of nine members, including the President. This committee shall 
be appointed by the President to serve for one year and shall report 
monthly to the board of representatives. 

Sec. 3. There shall be a committee on secondary education con- 
sisting of nine members, including the President. This committee shall 
be appointed by the President, and shall serve for one year. It_ shall 
prepare programs for the four regular meetings of the association 
and shall report from time to time on matters of educational interest. 

Sec. 4. There shall be a publicitv committee of three members, 
appointed by the President, to serve for one year. The chairman of 
this committee shall be one of the members of the teachers* interests 
committee. It shall be the duty of this committee to see that the high 
schools and high school teachers are given intelligent and accurate 
publicity. 

Article VII — Meetings 

Section 1. Four regular meetings shall be held every year. 

Sec. 2. The meetings shall be held on the first Saturdays of 
October, December, March and May of each year, unless otherwise 



HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 91 

ordered by the executive committee, at a time and place designated by the 
executive committee. Notice of such meetings shall be mailed to 
the schools not less than ten days prior to the date of the meetings, 
and a copy of the proceedings shall be sent to each senior represen- 
tative to post in his school. 

Sec. 3. A special meeting of the association may be called by 
the executive committee whenever the interests of the association 
seem to demand it. The President of the association shall be required 
to call a special meeting upon the demand of ten members of the 
association. Due notice of such meetings must be given to all mem- 
bers of the association. 

Sec. 4. Thirty members of the association shall constitute a 
quorum for the transaction of all business. 



Artici-f. VIII — Sections 

Section 1. Subject sections shall be organized by the executive 
committee at the written request of twenty-five members for any 
authorized subject of instruction in the iNew York City high school?. 
Each subject section shall meet at least four times a year and present 
a report to the association at its annual meeting. Each subject section 
shall be allowed for incidental expenses 25c per annum for each 
member from the general funds of the association. Additional ap- 
propriations for the expenses of the subject sections may be made 
by the executive committee. 

Sec. 2. School sections shall be organized by the executive 
committee at the request of twenty-five members in any high school 
or high school annex or session of a double session high school. 
Each school section shall meet at least four times a year and present 
a report to the association at its annual meeting. Each school sec- 
tion shall be allowed for incidental expenses 25 cents for each mem- 
ber from the general funds of the association. 

Sec. 3. In other respects subject and school sections shall be 
self-governing. Members of sections shall have the right to appeal 
to the board of representatives and to the association assembled in 
regular meeting. 



Article IX — Dues 

Section 1. The annual dues shall be one dollar, payable at the 
first regular meeting of the school year. 



.A^RTiCLE X — Amendments 

Section 1. This constitution may be amended at any regular meet- 
ing by a three-fourths vote of the members present, provided due 
notice of the proposed amendment shall have been made at a pre- 
ceding regular meeting. 

Article XI — Ratification 

Section 1. This constitution shall go into effect immediately upon 
its adoption. 



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94 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



OTHER TEACHERS' ORGANIZATIONS 



AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS 
OF FRENCH 

Daniel C. Rosenthal, President, Bryant High School 

Edward O. Perry, Vice-President, George Washington High School 

Paula C. Lambert, Secretary-Treasurer, Julia Richman High School 

ASSOCIATION OF FIRST ASSISTANT TEACHERS OF 
ENGLISH 

Edwin Fairley, Chairman, Jamaica High School 

ASSOCIATION OF FIRST ASSISTANT TEACHERS OF 
HISTORY 

Ernest D. Lewis, President, Evander Childs High School 
Leon J. Wayave, Vice-President, New Utrecht High School 
L. Louise Arthur, Secretary-Treasurer, Bryant High School 

ASSOCIATION OF MALE FIRST ASSISTANTS 

William T. Morrey, President, Bushwick High School 
Edward J. McNamara, Vice-President, Girls Commercial High School 
A. Broderick Cohen, Secretary- Treasurer, Eastern District High 
School 

ASSOCIATION OF WOMEN HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS 

Anna E. McAuliffe, President, Newtown High School, Queens 
Celeste C. Swenson, Secretary-Treasurer, Newtown High School, 
Queens 

CHEMISTRY TEACHERS' CLUB 

Frank P. Bunker, President, Mount Vernon High School. 
Ernest L. Dinsmore, Vice-President, Boys' High School. 
Carl O. Vogelin, Secretary, Central Commercial and Manual Train- 
ing High School, Newark, N. J. 
Charles P. Ritter, Treasurer, Erasmus Hall High School, Brooklyn. 

EVENING HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 

Stephen F. Bayne, President, District Superintendent. 
Benjamin Fromberg, Secretary, DeWitt Clinton High School 
James D. Laird, Treasurer, DeWitt Clinton High School 



HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 95 

HIGH SCHOOL CLERICAL ASSISTANTS' ASSOCIATION 

M. Eva Glen, President, Richmond Hill High School 
James V. P. Smith, Vice-President, Stuyvesant High School 
M. Louise Glazier, Secretary, Evander Childs High School 
Marion Johnson, Treasurer, Erasmus Hall High School 

HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS' ASSOCIATION 

Arthur L. Janes, President, Boys' High School. 
Elmer E. Bogart, Secretary, Morris High School. 
Gilbert J. Raynor, Treasurer, Commercial High School 

MALE HIGH SCHOOL TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 

Harry B. Penhollow, President, DeWitt Clinton High School 
Louis D. Truckenbrodt, Secretary-TreasuTer, Washington Irving 
High School 

MODERN LANGUAGE TEACHERS' ASSOCIATION 
Jacob Greenberg, President, Asst. Supervisor Mod. Lang. 
Helen I. Buck, Secretary-Treasurer, Washington Irving High School. 

NEW YORK ASSOCIATION OF BIOLOGY TEACHERS 

Nelllie p. Hewins, President, Newtown High School, Queens. 
Mary Hamilton, Vice-President, Theodore Roosevelt High School, 

Bronx. 
Emily Platt, Recording Secretary, Erasmus Hall High School, 

Brooklyn. 
Isabel Larsen, Corresponding Secretary, Newtown High School, 

Queens. 
John N. Tietz, Treasurer, De Witt Clinton High School, Manhattan. 

NEW YORK ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF ENGLISH 
Jacob C. Tressler, President, Newtown High School 
Elizabeth E. King, Vice-President, Wadleigh High School 
Mary V. Riblet, Secretary-Treasurer, Bryant High School 

NEW YORK ASSOCIATION OF TEACHERS OF GERMAN 
J. B. E. Jonas, President, DeWilt Clinton High School 
May G. Wendell, Secretary, Stuyvesant High School 

NEW YORK CHAPTER OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION 

OF TEACHERS OF SPANISH 
William A. Barlow, President, Curtis High School 
Florence E. Beiler, Vice-President, Washington Irving High School 
Hymen Alpern, Secretary-Treasurer, Stuyvesant High School 
Gracia L. Fernandez de Arias, Corresponding Secretary, New Utrecht 
High School 



% HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



NEW YORK CLASSICAL CLUB 

Arthur A. Bryant, President, De Witt Clinton High School. 

Jane Gray Carter, Vice-President, Hunter College. 

George H. Beale, Secretary-Treasurer, De Witt Clinton High School. 

Margaret Y. Henry, Censor, Wadleigh High School. 

NEW YORK PHYSICAL TRAINING TEACHERS 
ASSOCIATION 

Henry J. Silverman, President, Jamaica High School. 

John J. Ellert, Vice-President, George Washington High School. 

George Copeland, Secretary-Treasurer, Jamaica High School. 

PHYSICS CLUB OF NEW YORK 

Morris Meister, President, Teachers' College 

Floyd L. Darrow, Vice-President, Polytechnic Preparatory School 

Guy R. Thomas, Secretary, New Utrecht High School 

UNION FRANCAISE DE L'INSTITUTE FRANCAIS AUX 
STATS-UNIS 

Henry A. Todd, Chairman Board Trustees, Museum of French Art 
McDouGALL Hawkes, Vice-Chairman, Museum of French Art 
Lawrence A. Wilkins, Vice-Chairman, Board of Education 

WOMEN FIRST ASSISTANTS' CLUB 

Annah p. Hazen, President, Eastern District High School 
Nellie P. Hewins, Vice-President, Newtown High School 
Rosemary F. Mullen, Secretary-Treasurer, Washington Irving High 
School 



♦♦♦ooo^^ 



D I RECTORY 



♦♦♦00^#4 



ABBREVIATIONS 



Grades of Licenses and Special Assignments 



p 


Principal 


(Actg) 


Acting 


1 A 


First Assistant 


(Adm) 


Assigned to Administra- 


A 


Assistant 




tive Duties 


Adm A 


Administrative Assistant 


(Chg An) 


Teacher in Charge of An- 


CIA 


Clerical Assistant 




nex 


Lab A 


Laboratory Assistant 


(Ch) 


Chairman of Department 


Lib A 


Library Assistant 


(Coord) 


Coordinator 



Subjects o£ Licenses 



Ace & Bus Tr 


Accounting and Business 


H 




Practice 


Ital 


B 


Biology 


Joinery 


C 


Chemistry 


L 


Cv 


Civics 


M 


Class Lang 


Classical Languages 


MD 


Coml 


Commercial Branches 


Mod Lang 


Cooking 


Cooking 


Mu 


D 


Dravi'ing 


Pattrn Mkg 


Dress Mkg 


Dress Making 


PT 


E 


English 


P Sc 


Ec 


Economics 


P 


FA 


Fine Arts 


Physiog 


FHD 


Free-hand Drawing 


Physiol 


F 


French 


Sp 


G 


German 


StTp 


Gr 


Greek 






Sewg 


Sewing 



History 
Italian 
Joinery 
Latin 

Mathematics 
Mechanical Drawing 
Modern Languages 
Music 

Pattern Making 
Physical Training 
Physical Science 
Physics 
Physiography 
Physiology 
Spanish 

Stenography and Type- 
writing 



High Schools 



BofE 


Board of Education Bldg. 


Girls 


Girls 


BR 


Bay Ridge 




GComl 


Girls Commercial 


Boys 


Boys 




HSC 


High School of Commerce 


Bry 


Bryant 




Haaren 


Haaren 


Bwk 


Bushwick 




Jam 


Jamaica 


Coml 


Commercial 




JR 


Julia Richman 


Curtis 


Curtis 




MT 


Manual Training 


DWC 


De Witt Clinton 




Ms 


Morris 


ED 


Eastern District 




Ntn 


Newtown 


EH 


Erasmus Hall 




NU 


New Utrecht 


EvC 


Evander Childs 




RH 


Richmond Hill 


FR 


Far Rockaway 




Stv 


Stuyvesant 


Fig 


Flushing 




TR 


Theodore Roosevelt 


GW 


George Washington 


Wdl 


Wadleigh 






WI 


Washington I 


rving 



Dates of Service 

Dates without parentheses refer to commencement of service in the high 
schools; dates with parentheses refer to service in New York City public schools 
previous to entering high schools, and to promotion in the high schools. 



98 



VIII 
SCHOOL OFFICERS 



The central office of the Board of Education is at 500 Park Ave., Man- 
hattan. Tel.: Plaza 5580. The Brooklyn office is at 131 Livingston St. Tel.: 
Main 5890. 

Board of Education 

Harry B. Chambers, 205 E. 176th St.. Bx Tel. Tremont 3611 

115 Broadway, Mn. Tel. Rector 433 

1005 East 180th St., Bx. Tel. Fordham 3566 

Dr. John A. Ferguson, 932 Boshwick Ave., Bn Tel. Bushwick 193 

Mrs. Emma L. Murray, 500 Park Ave., Mn Tel. Plaza 5580. 

Anning S. Prall (President), 160 College Ave., Westerleigh, S. I. 
Tel. Port Richmond 1304. 

George J. Ryan (Vice-President), 236 Lincoln St., Flushing, L. I. Tel. 
Flushing 1387. 46 Jackson Ave., L. I. City. Tel. Hunters Pt. 3451. 

Arthur S. Somers. 988 Sterling PI., Bn Tel. Lafayette 7519. 

100 William St., Mn. Tel. Beekman 780. 

M. Samuel Stern, 2013 Fifth Ave., Mn Tel. Harlem 869 

1547 Broadway, Mn. Tel. Bryant 6360. 

A. Emerson Palmer, Secretary, 68 Montague St., Bn...Tel. Main 5832 
Thomas A. Dillon, Chief Clerk, 722 St. Nicholas Ave., Manhattan. 

The meeting room of the Board, and the offices of the Commissioners and of 
the Secretary, are on the second floor of the Board building. 



Board of Superintendents 

William L. Ettinger, Superintendent of Schools (chairman ex- 
officio), 790 Riverside Dr., Mn. 
Hours: Thursday, 3-5 P. M., Room 403, B. of E. 

Andrew W. Edson 400 West 118th St., Mn. 

Hours: Thursday, 3-5 P. M., P. S. 10, Eagle and 163d St., Bronx. Satwr- 
urday, 9 A. M.— 12 M., Room 510, B. of E. 

William McAndrew 2758 Kingsbridge Ter., Kingsbridge, Bx. 

Tel. Kingsbridge 3466 
Hours: Tuesday. 3-5 P. M., Room 506, B. of E. 

Clarence E. Meleney 2714 Bedford Ave., Bn. 

Hours: Thursday, 3-5 P. M., and Saturday, 9 A. M.-12 M., Room 515, 
B. of E. 

William B. O'Shea, 145 W. 88th St., Mn Tel. Riverside 6364 

Hours: Monday. 3-5 P. M., P. S. 17, 327 W. 47th St., Mn.; Wednesday, 
3-5 P. M., Saturday, 9 A. M.-12 M., Room 511, B. of E. 

Edward B. Shallow, 1090 Dean St., Bn Tel. Prospect 2555 

Hours: Monday, 9 A. M.-12 M., Room 525, B. of E.; 4-5 P. M., 131 Liv- 
ingston St., Bn. 

Edgar Dubs Shimer, 104 Union Ave., Jamaica, L. I. . .Tel. Jamaica 303 

Hours: Monday. 3-5 P. M., P. S. 82, Kaplan Ave. and Hammond St., Ja- 
maica, L. I., Tuesday, 3-5 P. M., 131 Livingston St., Bn.; Saturday, 9 
A. M.12 M., 131 Livingston St,. Bn. 

Gustave Straubenmullek, 169 W. 88th St., Mn...Tel. Riverside 8506 

Hours: Tuesday, 3-5 P. M., Saturday, 9 A. M.-12 M., Room 508, B. of E. 

99 



100 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

John H. Walsh 8502 Ft. Hamilton Ave., Bn. 

Hours: Friday, 3-S P. M., P. S. SO Driggs Ave. and S. 3d St., Bn. Satur- 
day, 9 A. M.-12 M., 1331 Livingston St., Bn. Office, Room 403, B. of E. 

Thomas E. Bussey^ Secretary 21 Cliflf Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Office: Room 512, B. of E. 

The meeting room of the Board, and the offices of the several members and 
of the Secretary, are on the fifth floor of the Board building. A number of the 
Superintendents also maintain offices in Brooklyn. 



Board of Examiners 

The offices of the Board of Examiners are on the fourth floor of the Board 
building. 

James C. Byrnes 80 Franklin PI., Flushing, L. I. 

Hours: Wednesday, 2-4:30 P. M., Room 419, B. of E. 

Mrs. Grace Strachan Forsythe 20 W. 72ncl St., Mn. 

Tel. Columbus 257. 

Hours: Friday, 2-4:30 P. M., Room 422, B. of E. 

Robert J. Frost 276 Sterling Place, Bn. Tel. Prospect 6002 

Hours: Monday, 2-4:30 P. M., Room 421, B. of E. 

William R. Hayward, 186 Hamilton Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 
Tel. Tompkinsville 2699. 
Hours: Saturday, 9:00 A. M.-12 M., Room 422, B. of E. 

Walter L. Hervey 351 W. 114th St., Mn. 

Hours: Thursday, 2-4:30 P. M., Room 417, B. of E. 

Joseph H. Sheehan, 12 St. Charles Place, Bn. Tel. Prospect 250-W 

Hours: Tuesday, 2-4:30 P. M., Room 421, B. of E. 

George J. Smith (Chairman) 260 W. 57th St., Mn. 

Hours: Saturdays, 9:00-12 M., Room 415, B. of E. 

Frank V. Daly, Secretary 133 Leflferts Ave., Bn. 

Office: Room 422, B. of E. 



District Superintendent Assigned to High Schools 

John L. Tildsley, Spuyten Duyvil, Bx Tel. Kingsbridge 132- W 

Office: Room 515, B. of E. 



Directors of Special Branches 

Herman H. Wright, Director of High School Organization, 238 
Amity St., Flushing, L. I. 
Office: Room 515, B. of E. 

Lawrence A. Wilkins, Director of Modern Languages in High 
Schools, 598 W. 191st St., Mn. Tel. Wadsworth 2150. 

Office: Room 305, B. of E. 



Special Assignments 

Frank A. Rexford, Agriculture, Civics, General Science, 445 3d St., Bn. 
Tel. South 2131-W. 
Office: Room 305, B. of E. 

Albert G. Belding, Commercial Subjects, Winchester PI., Lawrence, 
L. L Tel. Far Rockaway 2615. 
Office: Room 515, B. of E. 



IX 

ADMINISTRATIVE AND DEPARTMENTAL 
ORGANIZATION OF THE HIGH SCHOOLS 



BAY RIDGE HIGH SCHOOL 



Fourth Avenue and Sixty-seventh Street, Brooklyn 
Tel. Shore Road 1131 



Kate E. Turner, Principal 

Hotel Woodstock, Manhattan 

Tel. Bryant 3010 

Mabel R. Ben way. Administrative Assistant 

62 Pierrepont St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Main 5832 



Annex 

P. S. 104, FIFTH AVE. AND 92ND ST., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Shore Road 1273 

Ida M. Stahl, Teacher in Charge 

152 Lincoln PL, Brooklyn 

Tel. Sterling 2145 



CoNANT, OcTAviA M Clerical Assistant 

Denham, Sidonie B Clerical Assistant 

Isles, Edith W Clerical Assistant 

Potter, Sadie R • • Clerical Assistant 

Crooks, Muriel A Library Assistant 

McKnight, Elizabeth B Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Emil Gluck, Chairman 
1590 Amsterdam Ave., Manhattan 
Tel. Audubon 5824 
Ackerman, Dorothy S. Hunt, Lucille R. 

Arnold, Edith S. Putz. Edward H. 

Baker, Helen M. Stahl, Ida M. 

BIOLOGY 

Louisa Bkuckman, Chairman 

209 West 97th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Riverside 3265 

Baggs, Martha Barclay, Margaret 

101 



102 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

CIVICS 

LoLABEL H. Hall, Chairman 

466 74th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Shore Road 4108 

Garrett, Sara Reed, Nellie M. 

Kupfer, Ernestine C. Wheat, Grace A. 

COOKING 

Margaret Williams, Chairman 

240 78th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Shore Road 1215-W 

DRAWING 

Alma L. Hamilton, Chairman 

362 Senator St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Shore Road 247 

Black, Edna A. Isles, Maude M. 

Combs, Adelaide M. W. Munger, Ethel T. 

ELOCUTION 

Marion I. Weeks, Chairman 

511 8th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 3323-M 

Briley, Elsie N. 

ENGLISH 
Mabel A. Bessey, Chairman 
64 Monroe St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Prospect 5213-J. 
Brady, Helen E. Mix, R. Grace 

Coffin, Isabelle P. Murphy, Edith H. 

Harding, Helen E. Phillips, Sara J. 

Heilbrunn, Stella Powers, Florence M. 

Higgins, Frances C. Ryan, Monica 

Wicks, Helen D. 

HISTORY 

Emberson E. Proper, Chairman 

478 Washington Ave.. Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 6204 

Donovan, Bernard J. _ Murphy, Florence S. 

Rubinstein, Jacob 

LATIN 

Anna L. Hardy, Chairman 

705 St. Mark's Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9451 

Allen, Winifred S. _ Medalie, Carrie K. 

O'Brien, Josephine G. 

MATHEMATICS 

Elmer Schuyler, Chairman 

87 71st St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Shore Road 2773-W 

Back, Elizabeth M. Watrous, Louise E. 

Mackay, David L. Weaver, Robert L. 



BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL 103 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Marion Hackedorn, Chairman 
424 Senator St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Shore Road 1092 
Balbin, Florinda Henrlchs, Edna 

Blodget, Bertha Morrill, Frances U. 

Bruning, Emilie E. Noto, Rosa 

Faust, Charlotte C. Scharff, Violette E. 

Fleming, Gemma H. Tobin, Kate H. 

MUSIC 

Eugene C. Morris, Chairman 

813 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Bushwick 6447 

Thompson, Miriam A. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Maurice W. Kearney, Chairman 
606 72nd St., Brooklyn 
Cassett, Edith Robinson, L. Archibald 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Ruth W. Smith, Chairman 

144 E. 22nd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Gramercy 1574 

Cuno, Violette B. Morris, Constance 

Hamilton, Mercedes W. Randall, Bernice E. 

Harris, Miriam Schilling, Helen 

Smith, Ruth W. 

SEWING 
Carrie Gaynor, Chairman 
165 Prospect Pk. West, Brooklyn 
Tel. South 6649 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Conrad J. Saphier, Chairman 

1062 Carroll St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 3585 

Catren, Ida M. Keenan, Irene D. 

Cawley, Charles A. Morrill, Abbie A. 



BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL 



Marcy and Putnam Avenues, Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 690 



Arthur L. Janes, Principal 

275 Clinton Ave,, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 4164 



104 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Edward B. Parsons, First Assistant 

488 Macon St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 301 7- W 

Harold C. Sprague, Assistant 

10020 Garrison St., Mollis, L. I. 

Tel. Mollis 6380-M 

David H. Moskowitz, Assistant 

1544 President St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 1065 

Menry T. Alden 

185 Quincy St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 6582 



Annexes 

P. S. 3, BEDFORD AVE. AND JEFFERSON AVE., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Lafayette 7736 

Robert I. Raiman, Teacher in Charge 

248 Park Place, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 1147--W 

P. S. 33, MEYWARD ST., NEAR BROADWAY, BROOKLYN 
Tel. Williamsburg 3082 

Charles E. Mughes, Teacher in Charge 

474 Eighth St., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 6469-W 



Cetron, Celia .Clerical Assistant 

FiTZGiBBON, Mary A Clerical Assistant 

Greenburg, Sophia Clerical Assistant 

Miller, Adelaide Clerical Assistant 

Parker, S. Ridley Library Assistant 

Pope, Seth E Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Francis T. Hughes, Chairman 

303 East 5th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 9111-W 

Fish, Joseph B. Kaine, Joseph M. 

Manna, Albert S. Pasternak, Jesse 

Hughes, Charles E. Richardson, Roy S. 

Jordan, C. Victor Winston, Samuel 

CHEMISTRY 

Ernest L. Dinsmore, Chairman 

436 Lewi* Ave., Brooklyn 

Cook, Charles G. Stannard, J. Ellis 

Paucek, George Steigman, Max 



BOYS' HIGH SCHOOL 105 



CIVICS 

Frederick Z. Lewis, Chairman 
29 Winthrop St., Brooklyn 
Benjamin, Julliet Bryan, Jennie B. 

Katz, Milton J. 

DRAWING 

Reuben R. Purcell, Chairman 

99 Vanderbilt Ave., Floral Park, L. I. 

Beemer, Edwin F. Hubbard, Florence 

Boyd, Maurice C. Messenger, John 

Emmons, Bertha E. White, Walter C. L. 

ELOCUTION 

W. Palmer Smith, Chairman 

330 East 19th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 6689 

Maxwell, Rose de C. Strauss, Joseph B. 

Wolf son, George 

ENGLISH 

William W. Fisher, Chairman 
828 Lincoln PI., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 492-J 
Bowie, Arthur Johnston, Henry H. 

Clark, Agnes E. Korey, Abraham J. 

Clark, A. Mortimer Littwin, Maxwell F. 

Crouch, Frank M. Lucas, Hardin 

Clarke, Tames J. McCartney, Hoge 

Crane, George J. Munson, Daniel G. 

Dooley, Raphael C. Neumann, Joshua H. 

Esselstyn, Henry H. Pohl, Frederick J. 

Hanson, George C. Riecker, William 

Hess, Leonard L. Wilson, Catherine 

Zehner, Dorothy 

HISTORY 

WiNFiELD L. Rice, Chairman 
36 Sidney PI., Brooklyn 
Tel. Main 3389 
Becker, Clarence H. Marness, Louis 

Bernstein, Louis Murphy, Mane E. 

Brummer, Sidney D. Owens, J. Louise 

Grimshaw, Henry E. Parsons, Herbert H. 

Jacobs, Leo Ryan, Willmm J. 

Jewell, Marion D. Smallheiser, Albert Lee 

Swanton, Richard L. 

LATIN 

Ernst Riess, Chairman 

221 West 113th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Cathedral 8385 



106 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Barrow, John B. Hoadley, Harwood 

Conway, Joseph A. Jones, Frederick B. 

Child, Andrew M. Lind, Jacob J. 

Daniels, Ernest D. Mann, Jacob 

Edwards William H. Schrsrver, George O. 

Hobson, George P. F. Stevenson, J. Allison 

Hoplcins, Walter D. Stryker, Russell F. 

MATHEMATICS 
Merle L. Bishop, Chairman 

279 McDonough St., Brooklyn 

Bergstresser, Clinton A. Kaplowitz, Maurice 

Blanchard, D. Hiram Kennedy, Patrick J. 

Cahill, John Leskowitz, Albert 

Dickler, Nathan N. Levy, Abraham 

Downing, George B. McCabe, John P., Jr. 

Dolgenas, Jacob A. Moskowitz, David H. 

France, San ford D. Stone, Limond C. 

Freilich, Aaron Thompson, Arthur H. 

Johnson, Eliis A. Wilson, Sinclair J. 

Kaplan, Samuel R. Woodruff, Frank E. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Charles E. Overholser, Chairman 
171 Kingston Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 2877-R 
Bechert, Alexander O. Klein, Leopold 

Courtenaye, Juanita Muller, Walter J. 

Carpentier, Marius A. O'Neil, William R. 

Eaton, Arthur L. Reynolds, Lewis G. 

Fontaine, Andre C. Rosenthal, Frances C. 

Haller, Ralph W. Swann, Harvey J. 

Kerby, Joseph J. Tausk, Alfred M. 

Wilson, Charles B. 

MUSIC 
George C. Funt, Chairman 
401 Macon St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Decatur 1722 
Dailey, Frances A. Martin, Paul 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
William H. Andrews, Chairman 
265 Hawthorn St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 7151-W 
Carroll, Arthur T. Kersey, P. Joseph 

Fairchild, Ralph P. Kinoy, Albert 

Friedman, Saul Robinson, Harry W. 

Gallin, Jacob Roe, Paul E. 

Gemson, Irving Skipp, Francis E. 

Wellington, Guy 

PHYSICS 
Claude F. Walker, Chairman 

75 Downing St., Brooklyn ^ 

Tel. Prospect 6012 
Curtis, Henry S. Holt, Henry L. 

Sprague, Harold C. 



BRYANT HIGH SCHOOL 107 



BRYANT HIGH SCHOOL 



Wilbur Avenue and Academy Street, Long Island City 
Tel. Astoria 40 



Peter E. Demarest, Principal 

11 East 87th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Lenox 2961 

Emma W. Heermance, Administrative Assistant 
47 West 49th St., Manhattan 



Peters, Lucy E Clerical Assistant 

Tanzer, Edith P Clerical Assistant 

Thayer, Anne M Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Bertha Carter, Chairman 

287 Jamaica Ave, Long Island City, L. I. 

CHEMISTRY 
Loughran, Vincent J. 

CIVICS 
Joseph, Myrtle J. 

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 
Bertha F. Courtney, Chairman 
20 Hillside Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y. 
Fink, Anna H. Marck, Sophia 

Gerken, Albert Robinson, Nathaniei 

Griffith, Elizabeth M. Rosenbluth, Henry 

Guilfoy, Anna Saul, Gertrude 

Kramer, Herman Speyer, Henrietta H. 

Stager, Selda 

COOKING 
Mclntyre, Edith A. 

DRAWING 

Elizabeth Gowans, Chairman 
434 West 120th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 8440 
Price, Anna G. Simon, Madelyn 

ECONOMICS 
Waters, Anna M. 

ELOCUTION 
Carll, L. Adele 



108 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

ENGLISH 

Harry K. Munroe, Chairman 

54 Woolsey St., Long Island City, L. I. 

Tel. Astoria 1710-W 

Acker, Margaret K. Vincent, Charlotte M. 

Johnston, Marie Wilmot, Mabel E. 

Riblet, Mary V. Wresher, Helen E. 

HISTORY 

L. Louise Arthur, Chairman 

107 West 11th St., Manhattan 

Dickinson, Florence Dickson, Tenny V. 

LATIN 

McMahon, M. Mabel 

MANUAL TRAINING 

Charles A. Vogt, Chairman 

60 Franconia Ave., Flushing. L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 3474 

Cohen, Henry Drucker, Max 

Norman, Gerald F. 

MATHEMATICS 

Alberta M. Welch, Chairman 

153 East 71st St., Manhattan 

Tel. Rhinelander 9578 

Bingham, Nellie H. Byrne, Margaret C. 

Garrity, Julia F. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Daniel C. Rosenthal, Chairman 

425 West 114th St., Manhattan 

Adler, Frieda Gambler, Louise M. 

Dayhoflf, Elsie Schroeder, Anita L. 

Snow, Ella M. 

MUSIC 
Banghart, Elizabeth 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Cornelia F. White, Chairman 

500 West 122nd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 4630 

Gerstenzang, Robert Wendel, Mary M. 

PHYSICS 
Finch, Anna O. 

PHYSIOGRAPHY 
Darrin, Mary R. 

SEWING 
Noble, Helen G. 



BUSHWICK HIGH SCHOOL 109 



BUSHWICK HIGH SCHOOL 



400 Irving Avenue, Brooklyn 
Tel. Evergreen 2988 



MiLo F. McDonald, Principal 

23 Randall Ave., Rockville Center, L. I. 

Tel. Rockville Center 606-W 

Arthur L. Crossley, Administrative Assistant 

West 3d St., Hicksville, L. I. 

Tel. Hicksville 101-R 



Annexes 

P. S. 75, EVERGREEN AVE. AND GROVE ST., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Evergreen 6231 

William T. Morrey, Teacher in Charge 

362 Riverside Drive, Manhattan 

Tel. Academy 1841 

P. S. 129, QUINCY ST. AND GATES AVE., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Bushwick 3514 

Lucy F. Mohan, Teacher in Charge 

401 Macon St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Decatur 4521 



Clark, F. Grace Clerical Assistant 

Connor, Edith B Clerical Assistant 

Fine, Abraham M • • Clerical Assistant 

Greines, Rebecca Clerical Assistant 

Williams, Lillian E Clerical Assistant 

Brower, Jane Library Assistant 

ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Elizabeth C. Houley, Chairman 
554 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 8585 
Friedman, Samuel L. Lundy, Edwin S. 

Goldberger, Louis K. McCaffrey, Philip E. 

Goldensohn, Joseph A. Miller, Charles 

Healy, Thomas F. Primoff, Walter 

Kanzer, Edward M. Ravett, Irving 

Rohenhaus, Maximilian 

DOMESTIC ART 

Mattie B. RrvES, Chairman 

9 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 1591 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 

Gertrude S. Hoeg, Chairman 

1280 Dean St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9633 



110 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

DRAWING 

Helen S. Hutchinson, Chairman 

363 Grand Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 2263 

Bertschy, Maude Hendrich, Paul 

Casey, Ellen R. Littig, M. Josephine 

Locke, Alice G. 

ENGLISH 
Elias Lieberman, Chairman 
10 Bleecker St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Bushwick 6173 
Benjamin, Edith S. Jones, May T. 

Britton, Josephine Kane, James J. 

Cohen, Joseph Lieberman, Max 

Collier, Katharine B. Linnell, Wilhelmina A. 

Dietrich, Bertha K. Mills, Emily W. 

Doyle, Thomas S. Putnam, Edith C. 

Grooms, Mary T. Schneider, A. Arthur 

Hannah, Florence Skilton, Clara M. 

Hendersion, Hazel Woodbury, Ella A. 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

Philip Nanes, Chairman 

473 Hancock St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 4436-R 
Gore, Anna W. McGill, James V. 

Hecht, Anna Thompson, Lucy I. 

Johnson, Julius M. Wilson, Anna T. 

LATIN 

George M. Falion, Chairman 
78 72nd St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Shore Road 844-R 
Smith, Louise 

MATHEMATICS 

Thomas A. Humason, Chairman 

235 Brooklyn Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9383 

Briggs, Eva E. Goodman, Arthur 

Cohen, Bertha Stevens, William S. 

MECHANIC ARTS 
George W. Norton, Chairman 
8425 112th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 
Bruce, G. Garden Green, John C. 

Cady, Henry D. Hillyer, Frank H. 

Gordon, John J. Howe, Charles B. 

Mersereau, Samuel F. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

John A. Bole, Chairman 

194 South 9th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Williamsburg 1656 



COMMERCIAL HIGH SCHOOL 111 

Berkowitz, Louis Riegger, Elisabeth 

Dewing, Edward O. Schradieck, Helen E. 

Goldsmith, Elizabeth Seaman, Mary E. 

Otten, Henry L. Swenson, Mary E. 

Peterson, Dorothy K. Zorn, Freda 

MUSIC 

Arthur M. Taylor, Chairman 

103 Montague St., Brooklyn 

Romm, Edith 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Harvey Newcomer, Chairman 
14 Lattin Drive, Yonkers, N. Y. 
Tel. Yonkers 757-R 
Brace, Charles T. Peavy, Evelyn 

Brodoski, Alexander Smith, Myrtle A. 

Southwell, Etta E. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

William B. Durand, Chairman (Boys) 

371 Eastern Parkway, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 9632 

Cohen, Jacob 

Mary P. Green, Chairman (Girls) 

493 Washington Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 5684 

Bidstrup, Elsa Clark, Helen A. 

Brown, LuNette M. Langdon, Dorothy C. 

McConville, Lillian L. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Etta M. Fowler, Chairman 
1344 Pacific St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 1585 
Allaire, Ruth Fiedler, John L. 

Blodnick, Morris Geffin, Nadia 

Clement, Fannie M. Greenwald, Benjamin 

Conant, M. Sybil Hall, Henrietta 

Dempsey, Josephine A. Langdon, Ruth J. 

Dundish, Rachel G. Nevins, Nannie R. 

Squires, Martha U. 



COMMERCIAL HIGH SCHOOL 



Albany Avenue and Dean Street, Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 3732 



Gilbert J. Raynor, Principal 

1340 Pacific St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 8431 



112 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Clifford H. Coon, Administrative Assistant 

1032 Mansfield PI., Brooklyn 

Tel. Midwood 3919-W 



Annex 



P. S. 15, 3RD AVE. AND SCHERMERHORN ST., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Sterling 701 

Charles H. Teeter, Teacher in Charge. 

683 East 14th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Mansfield 1320-J. 



Brownrigg, Jeanette S Clerical Assistant 

Eagar, Mary M Clerical Assistant 

Greines, Lottie Clerical Assistant 

Kaplan, Isabel D Clerical Assistant 

ScHONERT, Ida H Clerical Assistant 

Brevoort, Carson Library Assistant 

Fletcher, Sheldon Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Roy R. Male, Chairman 
3813 Avenuei I, Brooklyn 
Tel. Midwood 6974-R 
Adkins, Coston B. Jenkins, Clyde C. 

Anderson, Woodford D. Keane, Thomas W. 

Booth, Frederick M. Kibby, Warren J. 

Bradley, Frederick E. Kip, Arthur R. 

Callanan, Thomas J. Loveland, Alfred E. 

Corliss, Charles E. Ross, William A. 

Eisenmann, Max J. Thompson, Burt M. 

Gates, J. .Vincent Townsend, Charles W. 

Greene, Hugh G. Van Houten, Charles M. 

Haupt, George Waltz, G. Edward 

Hoffman, Alfred L. Weiss, Morris E. 

Honerkamp, William E. Zarnitz, George H. 

BIOLOGY AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
George C. Wood, Chairman 
798 Lincoln PI., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 9985 
Beam, Rachel Hutton, Sarah E. 

Brown, Albert M. Lasswell, Arthur C. 

Cattell, James E. Puorro, Michael 

Donvan, Walter J. Shircas, Hyman 

Tewksbury, Carl H. 

CHEMISTRY AND PHYSICS 

John A. Clark, Chairman 

811 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn 
Behnken, H. Emile Munger, Van Vechten 

Dillon, Sidney Newman, Joseph 

Hall, James H. Reynolds, Paul G. A. 

Kelley, Charles B. L. Russell, George P. 



COMMERCIAL HIGH SCHOOL 113 

DRAWING— FREEHAND 

Morris Greenberg, Chairman 

563 Howard Ave., Brooklyn 
Cass, Harry Reser, Edward N. 

Reichenbach, Charles A. Trostler, Emil 

DRAWING— MECHANICAL 

Charles C. MacGregory, Chairman 
550 East 9th St, Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 2762-W 
Buchbinder, Anton 

ENGLISH 
Robert P. St. John, Chairman 
815 East 14th St., Brooklyn 
Bagenstose, Harvey L. McKelvy, Esther A. 

Boland,Joseph McNally, Edward 

Brown, G. Victor Melvin, Floyd J. 

Campbell, Calvin V. Moffett, John D. 

Conant, Frederick R. Noonan, Raymond L. 

Hammond, Robert J. Supnik, Henry F. 

Jones, Daisy Urdang, Harry 

Lynch, Thomas F. Vaughan, Henry J. 

FRENCH 

Robert B. Marvin 

826 Marcy Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 8055-W 

Carrel, M. Louis 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

Thomas C. Trask, Chairman 
1081 Park PL, Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 7775-J 
Attner, Bernlce M. Langer, Viola M. 

Corwin, Roswell Max, William D. 

Cottrell, Royal L. O'Toole, Joseph H- 

Donovan, Herbert D. A. Polk, Ellery C. 

Hopper, Herman T. Taylor, Edward F. 

Humphries, L. Kyle Tobin, James L. 

Wayave, Leon I. 

MATHEMATICS 
Ralph P. Bliss, Chairman 

2312 Ave. Q, Brooklyn 
Tel. Coney Island 1G91-M 
Lee, Joseph B. RosanoflF, Lillian 

Simpson, Julia 

MUSIC 

Edward J. A. Zeiner, Chairman 

1295 Pacific St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 6225-W 

Wilson, George A. 



114 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Charles H. Carey, Chairman 

300 Parkside Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 6330-M 

Brennan, Francis Schindler, Samuel 

Lehrer, Isadore D. Shapiro, Philip S. 

Maier, Augustus Shean, Chauncey C. 

SPANISH 

Earl S. Harrison, Chairman 
107 Queens Road, Queens, L. I. 
Tel. HoUis 6130-J 
Bsve, Anthony J. Finney, Arthur E. 

Colon, G. Torres Hagens, Fritz 

Day, Isabelle M. Latzke, Pauline 

Eells, Burr G. Mercado, Julio 

Sternberg, George 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Edwin A. Bolger, Chairman 

426 Kosciusko St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Bushwick 1772 
Arond, Michael McNamara, Sylvester 

Chestnut, D. Howard Melson, George W. 

Denenholz, Alexander O'Ryan, WilHam P. 

Finnegan, William E. Shea, John J. 

McKenna, Charles J. Shearer, Robert J. 



CURTIS HIGH SCHOOL 



Hamilton Avenue, New Brighton, S. I. 
Tel. Tompkinsville 351 



Daniel D. Feldman, Principal 

19 Belmont Terrace, New Brighton, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 1537 

William F. Tibbetts, Administrative Assistant and First Assistant 

8 Sherman Ave., Fort Wardsworth, S. I.. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 1158-M 



Annex 



P. S. 20, PARK AVENUE, PORT RICHMOND, S. 
Tel. West Brighton 1467 

FRANas E. Brewer, Teacher in Charge 

41 Hamilton Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 2069 



CURTIS HIGH SCHOOL 115 



Handy, Edith B Clerical Assistant 

Reinhold, Alida B Clerical Assistant 

Phillips, Julia T Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

Howard M. Tracy, Chairman 

403 Oakland Ave., West New Brighton, S I 

Tel. Port Richmond 907-M 

Clark, Henry F. Halloran, William 

Duggan, Edward Kinnan, Wilmer 

DRAWING 
Crosbie, Edith Ostrander, Agnes 

ECONOMICS 
Kerr, Frank E. 

ELOCUTION 
Nichols, Eda L. 

ENGLISH 

Frances H. Abbot, Chairman 

9 St. Mark's PI., New Brighton, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 41S-R 

Burrows, Helen J. Robins, Florence L. 

Close, Maud M. Stagen, Ruth M. 

Craig, Mary C. Whitmore, Clara H. 

Philp, Mary I. Williams, Helen W. 

HISTORY 

William W. Rogers, Chairman 

26 Scribner Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 689-W 

Curtis, Osborn Marcus . Goodwin, W. Grant 

Meade, Mary E. 

LATIN 

Marion Pratt, Chairman 

112 Stuyvesant PL, New Brighton, S. I. 

Corcilius, Inez Gallagher, Ellen M. 

Goode, Elizabeth 

MATHEMATICS 

Edward A. Hook, Chairman 

11 Winter Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 62-J 

Burdick, Mabel G. O'Brien, Charlotte E. 

Kane, Thomas F. Russell, Helen 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
William M. Barlow, Chairman 
302 Stanley Ave., Tompkinsville, S. I. 
Blanpied, Ethel O. French, Linda M. 

Cordera, Gu stave Halloran, Hetta S. 

Daley, Eva L. Hummel, Francis M. 



116 HIGH SCHOOLS OP NEW YORK CITY 

MUSIC 
Dare, George S. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Ker, Bertha L. Malloy, John F. 

Morris, John W. 

SCIENCE 

Abel J. Grout, Chairman 

90 Third St., New Dorp, S. I. 

Tel. Dongan Hills 330-J 

Dowell, Philip McMillen, Harlow 

Fisher, Ruth B. Walthall, Margaret V. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

William Flanagan, Chairman 
102 Westervelt Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 
Augenstem, Michael Crennan, Margaret A. 



DEWITT CLINTON HIGH SCHOOL 



Fifty-ninth Street and Tenth Avenue, Manhattan 
Tel. Columbus 5049 



Francis H. J. Paul, Principal 
35 Bow St., Forest Hills, L. I. 
Tel. Boulevard 6722 

Oscar W. Anthony. Pirst Assistant 

Plandome, L. I. 

Tel. Manhasset 348-J 

Aaron I. Dotey, Pir^t Assistant 

48 Adrian Ave., Manhattan 

Tel. Marble 764 

Harry B. Penhollow, Administrative Assistant 

122 West 114th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Cathedral 8132 



Annexes 

P. S. 37, 113 EAST 87TH ST., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Lenox 7198 

Charles E. Timmerman, Teacher in Charge 
269 North Grove St.. East Orange, N. J. 

P. S. 58, 317 WEST 52ND ST., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Circle 1231 

Alfred S. Roberts, Teacher in Charge 

1109 College Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Jerome 1526 



DEWITT CLINTON HIGH SCHOOL 117 

Herzog, Charles Assistant 

WoRSTELL, Helen S Assistant 

Brady, Anna F Clerical Assistant 

Griswold, Caroline • • . . Clerical Assistant 

GuiRY, Lillian A Clerical Assistant 

Margolies, Fred B Clerical Assistant 

MuLLiN, Mary V Clerical Assistant 

Nash, Morris Clerical Assistant 

O'Connor, John P Clerical Assistant 

Arden, Harriette Library Assistant 

Van Vliet, Florence E Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

William Volckhausen, Chairman 

433 West 162nd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Wadsworth 6052 

Brody, Alexander 

BIOLOGY AND GENERAL SCIENCE 
Edgar A. Bedford, Chairman 
Cherokee Ave., HoUis, L. I. 
Tel. Hollis 6147-W 
Atwood, Walter S Landowne, Julius 

Barber, Henry G. McCarthy, John D. 

Bruggeman, Josephine Mason, Lucius J. 

Donaldson, George Osborn, Ralph 

Germann, Franklin P. Parmelee, William J. 

Hingsberg, Olga H. Sharpe, Richard W. 

Hopping, Aleita Smith, Marguerite 

Klein, Nelson S. Tietz, John W. 

Tuthill, Dorothy P. 

CHEMISTRY 

Jesse E. Whitsit, Chairman 

146 West 55th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Circle 4118 

Broadhurst, Philip H. Mantel, Herman E. 

Fleissner, Gustav L. Mayforth, Valentine 

Goldfarb, Israel Schmidt, Clara H. 

Harrow, Benjamin Smith, Herbert O. 

Whitney, Harold H. 

CIVICS AND ECONOMICS 
Edmund W. Foote, Chairman 
93 Lincoln St., Montclair, N. J. 
Tel. Montclair 2685-W 
Abelson, Louis Landesman, Abraham 

Burns, Jerome F. Murphy, Thomas P. 

Deshel, Morris C. Stauff, John H. 

DRAWING 

George K. Gombarts, Chairman 

300 East 163rd St., Bronx 

Tel. Melrose 5066 



118 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Adams, Milly 
Baldwin, Mary M. 
Blumenkrantz, Adolph 
Fox, Alice E. 

Spector, Thomas 

ENGLISH 



Green, Bernard I. 
Klein, Morris 
McCrae, Anne 
Schwartzenbach, Peter A 



Ellen E. Garrigues, Chairman 
35 Mt. Morris Park W, Manhattan 



Benjamin, Claude T. 
Biggs, James A. 
Bildersee , Isaac 
Boylan, Frank 
Bricker, Harry 
Clarke, Harold A. 
Copeland, Lillian S. 
Crahan, Mary G. 
Davidson, Henry M. 
Dore, Edward S. 
Dyer, Cecil B. 
Easterbrook, George H 
Frank, Maude M. 
Freynick, Julius A. 
Hall, Helen L. 
Johnson, Walter R. 
Kelly, Katherine 
Kinney, Patrick R 



Knox, Jason 
Korn, E. Mildred F. 
Lapolla, Garibaldi M. 
Lewis, Dorothy R. 
Loughran, John 
Mantinband, Frank 
Marine, Merle 
McTiernan, Thomas 
Nurnberg, Maxwell 
Perrine, Frederick J. 
Pickens, Rose K. 
Schoenchen, Gustav G 
Smith, Anna H. 
Stevens, Florence E 
Stone, Wilmer T. 
Watson, Mary H. 
Whalen, Frank 
Works, Austin M. 



W. 



Wright, Kenneth W. 

FRENCH 
CoLMAN D. Frank, Chairman 
80 Washington Square East, Manhattan 
Barras, Moses Hyde, Charles W. 

Chamberlain, Sophie T. Jackson, Eugene 

Chankin, Victor Lieberman, Max 

Donner, H. Montagu Nahon, Zarita 

Goldberger, Elias Schwartz, Isadore A. 

Zacharie, Jean B. 

GERMAN 

J. B. Edward Jonas, Chairman 

529 West 179th St., Manhattan 

Campbell, Ralph 

HISTORY 

Fayette E. Moyer, Chairman 

87 Grove St., Montclair, N. J. 
Tel. Montclair 2238-M 
Del^^'^ey, Edward C. Hourihan, Daniel B. 

Fay, Harrison G. Kelley, Frank B. 

Goldbloom, Simon L Lamm, Lucien 

Guernsey, Irwin S. Long, Leslie O. 

Hamm, William A. Newman, Charles 

Herbert, Le Roy S. Radenhausen, Paul 

Thomas, Harrison C 



DEWITT CLINTON HIGH SCHOOL 



119 



LATIN 

Arthur A. Bryant, Chairman 

120 Convent Ave., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 4576 



Beal, George H. 
Deixel, Arthur A. 
Giovanoly, Max 
Leavitt, William M. 



Yokel, Arthur 



Solomon, Michael 
Stevens, Henry J. 
Wedge, Alfred S. 
Wilford, Herhert E. 



MATHEMATICS 

Randolph F. Clark- Chairman 

194 Christie Heights, Leonia, N. J. 

Tel. Leonia 532-R 

Berry, James R Houston Jessie F. 

Carlson, Carl O. Hovey, Horace M. 

Decker, Nicholas Krause Arthur K. 

Eisner, Harry Laird James U. 

Frank, Julius \f"''^^' ^^""^ ,. r 

Goldman, Samuel MacLaren Donald C. 

Grow, Frederick S. Manguse, Wi ham P. 

Haas, Arthur Morgan Gwilym S 

Harris, Sadie ParelhoflF, Bernard M. 

Heller, Harry Pokorny, Rudolph C. 

Herrmann, Hattie Salzano, Francis b. 
Spivack, Louis B. 

MUSIC 

Harry A. Jennison, Chairman 

3 West 104th St., Manhattan 



West, Louis F. 



Williams, Homer E. 



PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Edwin H. Hastings, Jr., Chairman 

11 Maitland Ave., West Englewood- N. J. 

Bernstein, Isador girsch, James A 

Cairns, Alexander Hooks, David M. 

Cook, William T. f,^"/""^"' u""'^ 

Eberly, Joseph Miklowitz, Harry 

Haug, Emanuel Palmer, Leonard L. 

PHYSICS 

Thomas H. Currie, Chairman 

344 Harrison Ave., Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. 

Tel. Hasbrouck Heights 136-W 

Chamberlain, Raymond Hirschberg, Arthur 

Tortora, Albert 

SPANISH 

Max A. Luria, Chairman 
505 West 124th St., Manhattan 

Andrade, Manuel J. 5'"?i ^aI'I'vIIS" 

Byrne, Reuben M.. Kr?l , Abraham 

Figarda, Carlos K. O'Bnen, Katharine E. 

Kaufman, Paul D. Ross. Joseph 



120 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



EASTERN DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL 



Marcy Avenue and Keap Street, Brooklyn 
Tel. Williamsburg 4565 



William T. Vlymen, Principal 

379 Front St., Hempstead, L. I. 

Tel. Hempstead 689 

Stuart Wilson, Administrative Assistant 

703 Sterling Place, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 9217-W 



Annex 

P. S. 51, MEEKER AVE. AND HUMBOLT ST., BROOKLYN 
Tel. Greenpoint 5549 

Anna L. Phillips, Teacher in Charge 

34 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prosipect 3300 



Bannon, Agnes R Clerical Assistant 

Lewis, Ethel F Clerical Assistant 

McGee, Anna F Clerical Assistant 

O'Brien, Eugenie M Clerical Assistant 

Bertemy, Laura M. J • • Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Annah p. Hazen, Chairman 

68 Washington Square, Manhattan 

Tel. Spring 1021 

Brace, Edith M. Osborne, Mabel E. 

Burlingham, Gertrude Trowbridge, Cornelia 

Meigs, Katherine H. Van Duyn, Evelyn 

Warner, Margaret B. 

CIVICS 

Eugene A. Colligan, Chairman 

531 Ocean View Ave., Woodhaven, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 2258-M 

Smith, Mary J. 

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 
Walter Jacobson, Chairman 
977 Tiffany St., Bronx 
Tel. Intervale 4242 
Blumenberg, Frieda Kretschmar, Magda 

Buckley, Florence R. Lemowitz, Nathan H. 

Coltiletti, Mary Loughran, Agnes M. 

Cusack, Gertrude Rafter, Hermia 

Fay, Margaret G. Ribber, Emma 

Harrison, Ethel M. Russell, Louise S. 

Unger, Gertrude N. 



EASTERN DISTRICT HIGH SCHOOL 121 

DRAWING 

Alice M. Burn, Chairman 

469 Washington Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 5600 

Faulkner, Eunice F. Manahan, Mary G 

Muller, Catherine 

ELOCUTION 
Dithridge, Rachel Hall, Ethel R. 

Wellwood, Elizabeth 

ENGLISH 
Charles S. Hartwell, Chairman 
685 iN.ostrand Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 7165-W 
Ayres, Mary S. Myers, Willard I,. 

Clarke, Madge S. Nelson, Hazel W. 

Helmuth, Lou Santee, Eloise B. 

Hincken, Elsie O. Stratford, Aline 

Mandel, Bertha E. Warren, James P. 

Zollinhoflfer, Sophie 

HISTORY 

Frederick H. Paine, Chairman 

185 Gates Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 8799-M 

Beeckman, Florence L. Rubel, Jacob A. 

Klock, Claude W. Watson, Alice D. 

LATIN 

Charles E. Dixon, Chairman 

Brokaw and Lowell Aves., Floral Park, L. I. 

Tel. Floral Park 79-W 

Davenport, Florence C. King, Helen L. 

Genung, Ina E. Pinch, Minnie 

Hoy, Elizabeth R. Stepanek, Beatrice 

MATHEMATICS 
Edward Fleisher, Chairman 
1074 New York Ave., Brooklyn 
Baxter, Mary Johnson, Margaret E. 

Graham, Mary C. Sullivan, Mary 

Gurnee, Blandina H. Weiss, Rose F. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
A. Broderick Cohen, Chairman 
41 Clarkson St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 9100 
Davenport, Helen V. Kuhn, Adelina 

Dreyfus, Jeanne Lanz, Jeanne M. 

Duffy, Katherine H. Russum, Ruth E. 

Greene, Henry Wagenschutz, Anna 

Kiso, Freda Weymann, Lynda C. 



122 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

MUSIC 
Mary G. Ennis, Chairman 
36 Rutland Road, Brooklyn 

Tfel. Flatbush 730 

Campbell, Joseph A. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

William A. Kauffman, Chairman 

183 Keap St., Brooklyn 

Branower, Solomon 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Charles Model, Chairman 
427 Knickerbocker Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Evergreen 3263 
Brown, Herman Smallheiser, Annette 

Leveridge, Ethel Sperling, Harry 

Partridge, Marie Zenker, Helen 

Zuckerman, Rose 



ERASMUS HALL HIGH SCHOOL 



Flatbush Avenue, Near Church Avenue, Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 288 



J. Herbert Low, Principal 

V77 Woodruflf Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 1381 

Katharine I. Hodgdon, Administrative Assistant 

314 East 21st St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 1786-J 



Harton, Amy M Clerical Assistant 

Hook, Mary A Clerical Assistant 

Johnson, Marion Clerical Assistant 

McKechnie, Elizabeth M Clerical Assistant 

Kingsbury, Mary A • • Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 
Cyrus A. Kjng, Chairman 
387 East 5th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 3905-J 
Hurty, Kathleen Tompkins, Elizabeth M. 

Marsden, Nellie S. Tredick, Helen F. 

O'Connell, Eugenie Vedder, Estella M. 

Piatt, Emilie L. Walker, Ruth N. 

Stanton, Anna E. Young, Mabel A. 



ERASMUS HALL HIGH SCHOOL 123 



CHEMISTRY, PHYSICS AND PHYSIOGRAPHY 
John H. Stocker, Chairman 
197 East 17th St, Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 1S76-W 
Bryant, Frank L. Jaquish, Ben M. 

Hancock, William J. Levy, Harry A. 

Huntington, Fred W. Ritter, Charles P. 

CIVICS 

J. Lewis Stockton, Chairman 

248 Stratford Road, Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 8316 

Elbert, William Holmes, Mary H. 

DRAWING 
Alix S. Cameron, Chairman 
34 Wellington Court, Brooklyn 
Tel. Mansfield 2243-J 
Beebe, Dee Herrington, Agnes M. 

Currier, Clara L. Latham, Elizabeth B. 

Doggett, Allen B. Loveill, Katherine A. 

Merchant, Manton E. 

ELOCUTION 
Foster, Florence C. MacNamara, Elizabeth 

ENGLISH 
Preston C. Farbar, Chairman 

421 East 18th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 8337 

Barber, Cora L. Hewitt, Helen F. 

Bates, Grace M. Kennedy, Paul A. 

Battell, John M. Lauder, Mary A. 

Boughton, Willis Mastin, Florence J. 

Boxold, Agnes Moore, Henry C. 

Cashman, Joseph F. Moore, Sabra M. 

Crockett, Esther M. Nussey, Herbert V. 

Earle, Willis Scovill, Florence M. 

Everett, Edith M. Slade, Una C. 

Ferry, Orlando E. Smith, Natalie A. 

Forcier, L. Ethel Stebbins, Charles M. 

Goll, Bertha C. St. John, Emily P. 

Haskins, Theresa H. Weirich, Marjorie C. 

FRENCH 

Beatrice S. McGill, Chairman 
428 E. 17th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 3192 
Allen, Luella M. Geer, Helena 

Browne, Frances E. Sparks, Minnie E. 

de Lautreppe, Waldemar Taylor, Marion L. 

Douglas, Clara M. Weberman, Benjamin 

Wight, Walter A. 

GREEK 
Leggett, Blanche G. 



124 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



HISTORY 
George E. Boynton, Chairman 
304 East 18th St., Brooklyn 
Boyle, Isabel Fay, Charles R. 

Chesley, Mabel L. Haviland, Edith 

Corey, Grace Hood, Josephine 

Crane, Ella E. Knowlson, Walter S. 

Cunningham, Maude M. MacColl, Grace B. 

Davis, Jennie M. Madden, Marie R. 

LATIN 
Eugene W. Harter, Chairman 
121 Marlborough Road, Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 448 
Beardsley, Frank J. Neiswender, Ada B. 

Connell, J. Wesley Peabody, Susan P. 

Estes, Charles S. Scott, Izora 

Harley, Walter S. Stacey, Sidney G. 

McCarty, Maria C. Stone, Katharine W. 

McGill, Franklin C. Townsend, Arthur M. 

Volentine, Mary F. 

MATHEMATICS 



Stephen Emery, Chairman 

317 E. 21st St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 8593 



Berg, Harriet 
Behr, Elsa 

Brickelmaier, Alice G. 
Cerow, Georgia 
Crespi, Alberta R. 
Duncan, Edith M. 
Dunn, Lillian C. 
Edgell, Frank D. 
Fiebig, Emma 

Wilder, George F. 



Jeffs, Eva E. 
Keck, Fred R. 
Lasher, William R. 
MacLean, Donald C. 
Rosenblatt, Sallie 
Rothholz, Meta 
Stone, Mary M. 
Strom, Carl A. W. 
Whitney, N. Bell 



Elmer, Lewis 



MUSIC 

Carl G. Schmidt, Chairman 

246 Hancock St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 6988 

Mulligan, Mary C. 



PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Katharine C. Edgell, Chairman 

1418 East 17th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Midwood 2633 



Austin, Mary E. 
Dibble, Margaret L. 
McGlue, Anne 



Wolf, S. Louise 



Smith, Madelein W. 
Warner, Elma L. 
Watters, Edith 



Richard E. Elliffe, Jr., Chairman 

310 Mosholu Parkway, Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 2547 

Batchelor, Charles B. Croohe, Maxwell A. 

Beinert, John L. O'Connell, Edward J. 

Stratton, William 



EVANDER CHI IDS HIGH SCHOOL 12S 



SPANISH 
Alice C. Howe, Chairman 
275 Ocean Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 7681 
Cameron, Margaret Fiebig, Anna 

Coleman, Cora L. Holcke, Harriet A. 

Dennis, Julia B. Perkins, Helen L. 

Varney, Grace D. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Sarah P. Foster, Chairman 

1819 Beverly Rd., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 7434 

Bradburn, Grace Schenone, Adelaide L. 



EVANDER CHILDS HIGH SCHOOL 



184th Street and Creston Avenue, Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 641 



Gilbert S. Blakely, Principal 

2207 University Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 228-W 

Henry I. Norr, Administrative Assistant 

1893 Washington Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Tremont 2262 

Alice G. Van Santvoord, Clerical Assistant 

244 South Broadway, Yonkers, N. Y. 

Tel. Yonkers 6489 



Annexes 

P. S. 8, MOSHULU PARKWAY, BRONX 
Tel. Fordham 6188 

Henry W. Keigwin, Teacher in Charge 

24 North Ninth Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Mt. Vernon 2270-M 

P. S. 16, 240TH ST. AND MATILDA AVE., BRONX 
Tel. Woodlawn 1075 

Jesse H. Haley, Teacher in Charge 

2831 Valentine Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 1037 

P. S. 46, 196TH ST. AND BRIGGS AVE., BRONX 
Tel. Fordham 2034 

Clayton G, Durfee, Teacher in Charge 

732 East 234th St., Bronx 

Tel. Woodlawn 1880 



126 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Byron, Lillian V Qerical Assistant 

Glazier, M. Louise Clerical Assistant 

Healy, Margaret E. G Clerical Assistant 

Hess, Luise E Clerical Assistant 

Sabin, Daisy B .Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Frank P. Baltz, Chairman 
371 West 119th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 3771 
Altholz, Nathaniel Jason, Simon J. 

Beitel, Helen S. Kurke, George S. 

Donohoe, John A. Lipschutz, Berthold 

Guldner, Charles M. Long, Reuben L. 

Humphries, George F. McQuade, Regina F. 

Van Tuyl, George H. 

BIOLOGY 

Paul B. Mann, Chairman 

2293 Sedgwick Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 1252 

Gluck, Marguerite L. Merchant, Isabel L. 

Hastings, George T. Pingrey, Cora E. 

High, Caroline Y. Russell, Helen G. 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
Low, Clara M. Nightingale, Irene L. 

ENGLISH 
Dudley H. Miles, Chairman 

70 Morningside Drive, Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 1100 

Blauvelt, William H. Raubicheck, Charles W. 

Dillon, Olive Schamus, John B. 

Durfee, Clayton G. Sergent, Nellie B. 

Gross, Elizabeth H. Spear, Dorothy A. 

Haley, Jesse H. Stapleton, Christopher R. 

Hickey, George H. Thorndike, Mildred L. 

Kirkpatrick, James D. Tracy, Mary L. 

Knickerbocker, Edwin V. Wechsler, Philip D. 

Morris, Gertrude E. White, Ruth E. , 

Quimby, Ernest S. Wylie, Stella M. 

DRAWING 

SiLviE G. DE Coster, Chairman 

2390 Creston Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 886 

McDonald, H. Rosabell Mtirray, Isabelle M. 

Main, Hugh D. O'Rourke, Norine 

Owens, Ethel I. 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

Ernest D. Lewis, Chairman 

109 West 45th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Bryant 3247 



EVANDER CHILDS HIGH SCHOOL 127 



A. Everett Peterson, Chairman 
42 West Fordham Rd., Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 2550 
Ackerle, Ida V. Pabst. Grace 

Cunniffe, Katherine Reese, Clare H. 

Fernschild, William H. Stamm, Caroline L. 

MacGregor, Isabel M. Thompson, Annie S. 

Moran, Marion F. Whiffen, Edwin T. 

Woodman, Sophie P. 

JOINERY 
Arnold, Fred C. 

LATIN 

Henry R. Pyne, Chairman 

1115 Boston Road, Bronx 

Tel. Intervale 5200 

Bowman, Nina Siedler, Charles W. 

Branson, Roswell H. Strong, William M. 

Evans, Austin H. Williams, Joseph S. 

MATHEMATICS 
Philip R. Dean, Chairman 
206 East 200th St., Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 3446 
Arenwald, Mesmin Keigwin, Henry W. 

Bowman, Leon Lippe, Adolph A. 

Brand, Josephine Marks, Ethel R. 

Fabricius, Alma Norr, Henry I. 

Grant, Eva M. Vermilya, Mabel 

Withers, Samuel C. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Robert H. Keener, Chairman 

209 West 97th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Riverside 1470 

FRENCH 

Bogle, Winifred Hall, Margaret W. 

Eldridge, Paul Heuermann, Helena F. 

Hubbard, Marion L. 

SPANISH 

M. MoRiTZ Greditzer, Chairman 
1370 Prospect Ave., Bronx 
Tel. Intervale 2578-W 
Cheitman, Philip Mazzoranna, Adele 

Herrmann, Anna L. Reifler, Elizabeth B. 

MacKay, Jennie K. Tea, Mary A. 

Marin, Rafael Waldman, Mark 

MUSIC 

Gerald L. Reynolds, Chairman 

2464 Grand Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 2852 

Kramlich, Emma F. Moersberger, Grace L. 



128 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

Walter S. Hannan, Chairman 

121 Mt. Hope PL, Bronx, 

Tel. Tremont 2693 

Birnbaum, Simon Branson, J. Hood 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Wallace A. Manheimer, Chairman 
2028 Grand Concourse, Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 1500 
Barry, Bertha B. O'Connell, Genevieve A. 

Carroll, Ethel M. Ross, Herbert M. 

Cohn, Harry M. Schulman, Herman 

Edmunds, Maude A. Snow, Rose 

Lichtman, Flora Watters, Dorothy 

PHYSIOGRAPHY 
Bryan, Mary M. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Horace G. Healey, Chairman 
Crestwood, N. Y. 
Beygrau, Frederick R. Kelly, John F. 

Bruce, Walter A. McDermott, Annie 

Goldberg, Ida C. Smith, Harriet K. 

Hirschfeld, Samuel C. Weiser, Samuel 



FAR ROCKAWAY HIGH SCHOOL 



Far Rockaway, L. I. 
Tel. Far Rockaway 85 



Sanford J. Ellsvv^orth, Principal 

1209 MvNeil Ave., Far Rockaway, L. I. 

Tel. Far Rockaway 455. 



Herts, Alma B Clerical Assistant 



COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 

Eldon M. Van Dusen, Chairman 

43 State St., Far Rockaway, L. I. 

Tel. Far Rockaway 2615 

Cutts, Susan R. Kiser, Frederick G. 

Jeschke, Martha L. Meyrowitz, Isidor 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
Rogers, Sarah L. 

DRAWING 
Rogers, Lorana G. 



FLUSHING HIGH SCHOOL 129 



ENGLISH AND ELOCUTION 

Elias N. Caplan, Chairman 

179 Hancock St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 7275 

Ashe, Emma B. Crim, Adelaide 

Merrell, Katharine 

HISTORY, CIVICS AND ECONOMICS 

LuDWiG Kaphan, Chairman 

1611 11th Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 4486-M 

Dann, Roland 

LATIN 

Lucy M. Prescott, Chairman 
1123 Bayport PL, Far Rockaway, L. I. 
Tel. Far Rockaway 3296 
Smith, Florence M. 

MATHEMATICS 

Emily M. Jennison, Chairman 

1013 Prospect PI., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9800 

Barbanell, A. Irving White, Dorothy E. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Sophia L. Bodler, Chairman 

1515 Mott Ave., Far Rockaway, L. I. 

Tel. Far Rockaway 3875 

Brooks, Lea L. Bushong, Alice M. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Rachel M. French, Chairman 

1369 Cedar Ave., Far Rockaway, L. I. 

Tel. Far Rockaway 793 

Luft, Harry L. 

SCIENCE 

Edwin A. Barnes, Chairman 

155 Crescent St., Far Rockaway, N. Y. 

Tel. Far Rockaway 2030 

Bromall, Laura B. Hopkins, Rubert H. 



FLUSHING HIGH SCHOOL 



Broadway, at Whitestone Avenue, Flushing, L. I. 
Tel. Flushing 456 



Harold G. Campbell, Principal 

257 Madison Ave., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 3065 



130 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Hynes, Katherine M Clerical Assistant 

Zenner, Henry W Clerical Assistant 

Ely, Jean Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 
Hood, Edward C. Pulvermacher, William Dean 

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 

Anthony W. Klein, Chairman 

931 Fox St., Bronx 

Tel. Intervale 1144 

Carey, Margaret E. O'Neill, M. Alice 

Deihl, Frank E. Tuerck, William B. 

DRAWING 
Gardner, Gertrude G. Swick, Mary S. 

ENGLISH 

Warren W. Read, Chairman 

4 Cedar Court, Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 1573-W 

Boynton, Carolyn Hartill, Rufus M. 

Emrick, Anna Jones, Blanche A. 

Flanders, Addie E. Klein, Margaret A. 

Fountain, Emma A. Schuh, Elsa 

Valentine, Anne E. 

HISTORY AND SOCIAL SCIENCE 

Frank H. Miller, Chairman 

9 Bullard PI., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 1636-J 

Chapman, Frances E. Murphy, Henrietta 

Freygang, Mildred Riley, Eugene B. 

HOUSEHOLD ARTS 
Palmer, Mabel B. 

LATIN 

Paul R. Jenks, Chairman 

41 Mitchell Ave., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 689-W 

Case, Florence L. Lay, Wilfrid 

MANUAL TRAINING 
Thorne, Frederick 

MATHEMATICS 

Elena P. Nearing, Chairman 

171 Union St., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 1101-J 

DeHoff, Leon Palmer, May T. 

Steeneck, Adelheit M. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL 131 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

John Baumeister, Chairman 

402 Amity St., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 919 

Bardenheuer, Clara E. Green, Helen 

Ferry, Alice M. Reimers, Helene M. 

Ross, Annie 

MUSIC 
Barry, Mary 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

Howell R. Wood, Chairman 

171 Union St., Flushing, L. L 

Barmeyer, George H. Killen, Arthur H. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Alanson L. Fish, Chairman 

204 Amity St., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 1940-R 

Livermore, H. Louise Rhodes, L. Maude 

Schawaroch, John T. 



GEORGE WASHINGTON HIGH SCHOOL 



P. S. 52, Broadway and Academy St., Manhattan 
Tel. Wadsworth 2165 



Arthur A. Boylan, Principal 

976 Anderson Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Jerome 2666-W 



Ellison, Ethel L Clerical Assistant 

HoRGAN, May Clerical Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND COMMERCIAL LAW 

Osgood, Charles R. Schottland, Max 

Tanz, Louis 

BIOLOGY 

Frank M. Wheat, Chairman 

2483 University Ave., Bronx 

Halbert, Louise Swett, Carolyn P. 

DRAWING 

Bebarfeld, Anna Collins, Mary Rose 

Murphy, Virginia 



132 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



ENGLISH 

Hughan, Jessie W. Pickens, Lila 

Jones, Frances E. Sunderland, Florence 

Pendleton, Margaret Trowbridge, Cornelia R. 

HISTORY 
Hiram H. Bice, Chairman 
345 West 70th St., Manhattan 
Bennett, Martha C. Mej^er, E. Pennington 

Molwitz, Ernestine S. 

LATIN 

Hiram H. Bice, Chairman 

345 West 70th St., Manhattan 

Kavanagh, Edward J. Orleans, Joseph B. 

MATHEMATICS 
Kelly, David F. Reed, Edna Shaw 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Edward O. Perry, Chairman 
Clarmont and Walworth Aves., Hartsdale, N. Y. 
Brandeis, Clara Miller, Maud 

Kane, Julia A. O'Donnell, Margaret 

Schrej'^er, Emma A. 

MUSIC 
Conway, Catherine 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Illich, Louis L. Scudder, John C. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Ellert, John F. Pulvermacher, Delores 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Auslander, Armin Gordon, Machen 

Brand, Louis Jackson, Agnes A. 



GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL 



Nostrand Avenue and Halsey Street, Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 372 



William L. Felter, Principal 

294 Greene Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 8869-M 

Mabel Wright, Administrative Assistant 

1383 Dean St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 5530 



GIRLS HIGH SCHOOL 



133 



Clarke, Teresa A Clerical Assistant 

Patterson, Mabel L Clerical Assistant 

Solomon, Augustina H Clerical Assistant 

Hall, Mary E Library Assistant 

Kneil, Margaret M • Library Assistant 

Newton, Mary I Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Marguerite T. Lee, Chainnan 

66 West 95th St., ManhattctTi 

Tel. Riverside 3562 

Byrnes, Esther F. Hoffman, Margie E 

Goodrich, Charlotte Jud, Friedolina C. 

Steers, Edna L. 

CHEMISTRY 
Jcnness, Jennie M. 

COOKING 



Ober, Alice M. 



Perkins, Fannie D. 



DRAWING 

Maude Gardner, Chairman 

1113 Prospect Place, Brooklyn 

Tel. Decatur 4374 

Ketchum, Daisy T. Spencer, Mary 

Stevenson, Beulah E. 

ECONOMICS 
Jenkins, Manford M. 

ENGLISH 
Cordelia Wendt, Chairman 
226 Garfield PI., Brooklyn 
Tel. South 5635 
Cann, Bertha Miller, Mabel 

Clinton, Fanny L Roth. Helen M. 

Cranch, Alice R. Stone, Lulu M. 

Holman, Mabel L. Taylor, Jeannette S. 

Lupton, Olive M. White, Bessie R. 

Meyers, Marjorie B. Witherbee, Reta 

ELOCUTIO'N 
Rae, Anne M. 



FRENCH 
Earl L. Cushman, Chairman 
63 Eighth Ave, Brooklyn 
Abbot, Marguerite W. Junge, Antonie 

Daggett, Mabel C. McCullough, Mary H. 



134 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 
Rose H. Cahill, Chairman 
989 Sterling PI., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 5566 
Carter, Effie A. Evans, Beatrice B. 

Cooper, Irma J. Lyle, Edith K. 

Couch, Anne M. Sheely, Jane V. 

Denfeld, Charlotte S. Way, Mary J. 

Winslow, Julia E. 

LATIN 

Celia Ford, Chairman 

84 Downing St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 5376 

Briggs, Emily E. Lumley, Eleanor P. 

Dame, Lydia M. Wakeman, Susan E. 

Willard, Gladys 

MATHEMATICS 
LoRiNG B. Mullen, Chairman 
917 Rugby Road, Brooklyn 
Tel. Midwood 2281-W 
Barker, M. Ellen Ingalls, Margaret L. 

Chatterton, Minnie E. Miller, Maud 

Hayes, Helen M. Sullivan, Bessie 

Wilson, Zada J. 

MUSIC 
Camp, Cafrie M. Joannes, Jules S, 

Mattes, Max H. 

PHYSICS 
Evans, William F. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Caroline M. Wollaston, Chairman 

47 Hancock St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 6072-J 

Astroff, Mae Huntington, Belle 

Flana^-11. Marv A. Parsons, Sidney T. 

Hawksley, Alice Treadwell, Flora G. 

PHYSIOGRAPHY 
Schumer, Jacob H. 

SEWING 
Wilson, Bessie G. - White, Jessie C. 

SPANISH 

Grace F. Luby, Chairman 

56 LeflFerts PI., BrookljTi 

Tel. Prospect 4530 

Harris, Florence B. Ohl, Rosina 

Wisthaler, Johanna S. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Miss Frank L. Davis, Chairman 

988 Bergen St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 6927-W 



GIRLS COMMERCIAL HIGH SCHOOL 135 



GIRLS COMMERCIAL HIGH SCHOOL 



P. S. 42, St. Mark's and Classon Avenues, Brooklyn 
Tel. Prospect 5926 



Evelyn W. Allan, Principal 

106 Ft. Greene PI, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 9665 



Casey, Emily A Clerical Assistant 

Fergenson, Ethel Clerical Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

Florence M. Kilburn, Chairman 

1224 Pacific St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9369- W 

Bucksey, Addie M. Seamans, Mary A. 

Childs, Lelia M. Turner, Eva G. 

Connelly.Eulalie M. Waterbury, Nellie 

Miller, Grace H. Wood, Georgiana 

BIOLOGY AND GENERAL SCIENCE 

Lenda T. Hanks, Chairman 

950 Marcy Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Decatur 1406 

Supplee, Mary R. 

CIVICS 

Eletz, Anna McCann, Adelaide 

Padve, Meyer 

DRAWING 

Ina W. Johnston, Chairman 

12 Clifton Place, Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 1451-M 

Pond, Pearl F. 

ENGLISH 
Helen W. Bryant, Chairman 
272 Lewis Ave., Brooklyn 
Baker, Katherine S. McLaury, Mabel 

Conklin, Agnes Seymour, Macy I. 

Lewis, Effie L. Thoma, Wilhelmina 

McGinn, Catherine A. Wood, Mabel 

HISTORY 

Ruth G. Hardy, Chairman 

228 Henry St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Main 9786 

Beck, Sadie * Kennedj^ Anna J. 

MUSIC 

Marie M. Merkert, Chairman 

736 Macon St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Bushwick 2064 



136 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Agnes Wilson, Chairman 
489 6th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. South 1133-j 
O'Leary, Alice R. Reed, Mary A. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Anna S. Jenkins, Chairman 

427 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 10269 

Babcock, Maude R. Leistner, Ida 

Roman, Louis 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Edward J. McNamara, Chairman 
1809 Avenue O, Brooklyn 
Tel. Midwood 2744 
Humphrey, Ethel M. Slocum, Miriam 

McKee, Louise Steinecke, Jeannette A. 

Sears, Theresa C. Wilcox, Stella 

Woerner, Matilda E. 



HAAREN HIGH SCHOOL 



Hubert and Collister Streets. Manhattan 
TeL Canal 4136 



R. Wesley Burnham, Principal 

1801 Dorchester Road, Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 6405 

Frank L. Bickmore, Co-ordinator 

1159 Dean Street, Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 5200 

Laura E. Carpenter, Co-ordinator 

103 Morningside Ave., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 5084 

Maude McCain, Co-ordinator 

250 Riverside Drive, Manhattan 

Tel. Riverside 2493 

Arthur J. Mackey, Co-ordinator 
247 74th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Shore Road 540-R 

Ellen L. Osgood, Co-ordinator 

20 West 10th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Stuyvesant 5170 

Ida Trautvetter, Co-ordinator 

250 West 55th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Circle 6060 



HAAREN HIGH SCHOOL U7 

Lewis C. Williams, Placement Assistant 
98 Rutland Road, Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 3774 



Industrial Annex 

MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL, SEVENTH AVE. AND 

4TH ST., BROOKLYN. 

Tel. South 1380 

Henry T. Weed, Co-ordinator 

1298 Dean St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 765-R 



Violet Haver Clerical Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Bentley, Mildred McCain, Blanche 

DRAWING 
Siegel, Fred 

ENGLISH 

RowENA K. Keyes, Chairman 

260 Gates Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 9291-W 

Harlo, Nanette F. House, Nathan C. 

Thompson, Corinne A. 

HISTORY AND ECONOMICS 
Margaret A. Lindquist 

MECHANIC ARTS 
Hovi^e, Charles B. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Pasner, Samuel D. 

MUSIC 
Roselle, Chilion 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Bort, Beatrice E. 

PHYSICS 
Williams, Lewis C. 

SALESMANSHIP 
Kaylin, Alexander Putnam, May M 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Harry W. Leyenberger, Chairman 
Daisy Ave., Floral Park, L. I. 
Tel. Floral Park 157-J 
Arnold, Frank T. Singer, Ray 

Messing, Mildred K. Wolfe, Ruth 



138 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



HIGH SCHOOL OF COMMERCE 



155 West Sixty-fifth Street, Manhattan 
Tel. Columbus 2932 



Harold E. Buttrick, Principal 

1258 President St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Decatur 1625 

John D. Minnick, Administrative Assistant 

418 West 118th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 6656 



Annexes 

P. S. 67, 120 WEST 46TH ST., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Bryant 8114 

Grosvenor B. Hill, Teacher in Charge 

247 Barclay St., Flushing, L. I. 

Tel. Flushing 63-J 

P. S. 166, 89TH ST., NEAR COLUMBUS AVE., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Riverside 7615 

Israel Appell, Teacher in Charge 

41 St. Nicholas Terrace, Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 5334 



Becker, Edith P Clerical Assistant 

BiEBER, Regina Clerical Assistant 

Collins, John A. C Clerical Assistant 

Harnett, Richard Clerical Assistant 

Herts, Esther V Clerical Assistant 

Shwitzer. Myrtle Clerical Assistant 

Winter, May Clerical Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Russell T. Greene, Chairman 
54 Highwood Ave. 
Ridgewood, N. J. 
Amster, Isadore Kalman, Lasser 

Candee, Benjamin K. King, Merville S. 

Edelson, Emanuel M. Kirby, J. Albert 

Glatzer, David J. Poutasse, Louis 

Gottlieb, Maurice Rogers, Charles E. 

Hughes, Carl C. Schwager, Harry 

Jonas, Louis Weinstein, Reuben 



HIGH SCHOOL OF COMMERCE 139 

BIOLOGY 

Frank O. Payne, Chairman 

1819 Dorchester Rd., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 1299 

Clough, Harvey B. Hahn, Clarence W. 

Firman, Arthur B. Hartwell, Fred W. 

Levine, Michael 

CHEMISTRY 

Joseph S. Mills, Chairman 

572 Van Courtlandt Park Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Tel. Yonkers 1305 

Bennett, R. Grant Horton, Ralph 

Wilson, George W. 

CIVICS 

Alfred C. Bryan- Chairman 

416 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Prosfpect 4490-M 
Beier, Abraham LIndquist, Harold S. 

Gray, Nomer Lippman, Louis G. 

Levy, Helen M. Sayre, J. Frank 

DRAWING 

Clarence H. Sprague, Chairman 

1827 E. 15th St., Brooklyn 

Ahern, Harry H. Payant, Felix 

Cooperman, Henry Shoudy, Theodore 

Grant, Forest Wallace, C. Earl 

ECONOMICS 
Alexander L. Pugh, Chairman 
Pomona, N. Y. 
Tel. Spring Valley 49-F-2 
Alexander, Edward Lobsenz, Johanna 

Brennan, Alfred T. V. Mendenhall, Raymond 

Golan, Joseph B. Regard, Leon 

Wibert, Abraham 

ELOCUTION 
Kane, Edwin A. 

ENGLISH 
Benjamin A. Heydrick, Chairman 
900 Summit Ave.. Bronx 
Tel. Jerome 3133 

Beer, Morris A. Griswold, Esther D. 

Berk, Louis B. Hall, Henry Marion 

Blohm, Albert Harmon, Lena M. 

Buskin, Nathan E. Lindsey, Frederick R. 

Carleton, Guy M. May, Alfred 

Cherington, Frank B. McNeill, John F. 

Dox, Elmer A. Raphael, Arthur 

Drew, Celia A. Reynolds, Ruth 

Foley, John L. Sable, Amelia P. 

Gordon, Margery Wharton, William P, 



140 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

HISTORY 

Alfred C. Bryan, Chairman 

416 Clermont Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Prospect 4490-M 

Dressner, Samuel Patterson, William A. 

Lefkowitz, Abraham Wilson, Martin L. 

Masters, Raymond W. Wyckoff, Harriett E. 

MATHEMATICS 
William S. Schlauch, Chairman 
Hasbrouck Heights, N. J. 
Tel. Hasbrouck Heights 37-R 
Bowles, Frank C. Lagerwall, Charles J. 

Buchsbaum, Nell E. Lewis, Alfred H. 

Duschatko, Alfred McCormick, Thomas 

Fallon, George P. Pichel, Margaret 

Hance, William Robinson, Robert 

Hurwitz, Joseph Shipley, James 

Koch, Ernest H., Jr. Smith, L. Brewster 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Erwin W. Roessler, Chairman 
418 Central Park West, Manhattan 
Tel. Riverside 4164 
Blume, Julius Morales, Maria T. 

Busch, Ella A. Rallion, Harriet 

Fedter, Brunt Remy, Alfred 

Kaplan, Abraham A. Rochow, John P. 

Montross, Charles Skinner, Herbert C. 

Mintzer, Joseph Thomas, Anita 

MUSIC 

Harry W. Millspaugh, Chairman 

25 Greenvale Ave., Yonkers> N. Y. 

Tel. Yonkers 1163 R 

Bridgman, William C. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Harry E. Aldingee, Chairman 

309 Park Ave., Manhattan 

Alperin, Daniel Pincus. Max 

Hendrian, August W. Reynolds, Percy L. 

Mulholland, James V. Rotherhan, Philip J. E. 

Van Dam, Emanuel 

PHYSICS 
Henry C. Cheston, Chairman 
89 Bruce Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 
Tel. Yonkers 1560-R 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

C. Warren Kean, Chairman 

140 High St., Leonia, N. J. 

Tel. Leonia 713-W. 



JAMAICA HIGH SCHOOL 141 

Baldwin, Edwin F. Goldblatt, Joseph 

Bryon, Thomas Markett, Mark I. 

Cohen, Henry Mechler, Walt H. 

Craver, Edwin H. O'Keefe, David H. 

Foerster, John Rosen, Alexander 

Fromberg, Benjamin Shepard, Oscar C. 

Gilmore, Agnes M. Silverman, Mollie 



JAMAICA HIGH SCHOOL 



Hillside Avenue, Jamaica, L. I. 
Tel. Jamaica 165 



Charles H. Vosburgh, Principal 

11709 85th Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 274-R 

RoscoE A. Grant, Administrative Assistant 

Pennsylvania Ave., Hempstead, L. I. 

Tel. Hempstead 7Sl 



Hallinan, Irene Clerical Assistant 

Lee, Martha Clerical Assistant 

Schrage, Dorothy Clerical Assistant 

JosLYN, Rosamond Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY AND GENERAL SCIENCE 

Ella A. Holmes, Chairman 

4 John St., Jamaica, L. I. 

Tel. Jamaica 814-W 

Schaumloeffel, Mildred B 

CIVICS 

Gkorge D. Luetscher, Chairman 

8419 112th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 2467-W 

Loos, Richard F. 

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 
Warren L. Starkey, Chairman 
464 East 26th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Kenmore 966 
Bagnell, William J. Foley, Henry J. 

Cowles, Clarence E. Kent, Fannie 

Dunbar, John G. Loring, Jacob M. 

Van Deusen, Edwin W. 

DRAWING 

Edna E. Sandry, Chairman 

80 Cambridge PI., Brooklyn 

Clary, Margaret E. 



142 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



ELOCUTION 
Ward, Ada W. 

ENGLISH 
Edwin Fairley, Chairman 
282 Quincy St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 6481 -W 
Bawden, Sarah E. Gauvran, Ethel H. 

Bradley, Susan M. Hiochderffer, Mary J. 

Brown, Adelaide Kibby, Minnie R. 

Flynn, Margaret K. Thorp, Benjamin 

HISTORY 

Antoinette Lawrence, Chairman 

26 McDonough St., Brooklyn 

Bernhard, Mabel Edgerton, Myra T. 

Timmerman, Ruth B. 

LATIN 

Edward C. Chickering, Chairman 

76 Herriman Ave., Jamaica, L. I. 

Corcilius, Irene Reynolds, James I. 

Root, Lydia F. 

MATHEMATICS 

Josephine D. Wilkin, Chairman 

51 Park Ave., Jamaica, L. I. 

Brown, Charles G. Busbee, Christiana 

Gay, Laura S. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Carl A. Krause, Chairman 

1042 A Sterling Place, Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 9298 

Bose, Henry P. Dilger, Marie 

Davidson, Edna Hartung, Ernest W. 

Maschmedt, Marie 

MUSIC 
MacConnell, Marie F. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 
Kirk W. Thompson, Chairman 
54 Columbia Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I. 
Maynard, Ernest Mendel, Martin 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Henry J. Silverman, Chairman (Boys) 

53 Orchard St., Jamaica ,L. I. 

Tel. Jamaica 171 

Copeland, George 

A. Gertrude Jacob, Chairman (Girls) 
13 Hollis Court, Boulevard, Hollis, L. I. 
Tel. Hollis 6315-R 
Adriance, Anna Earle, Ruth M. 



JULIA RICHMAN HIGH SCHOOL 143 



JULIA RICHMAN HIGH SCHOOL 



60 West Thirteenth Street, Manhattan 
Tel. Chelsea 4478 



Michael H. Lucey. Principal 

Bay View Place, Tompkinsville, S. I. 

Tel. Tompkinsville 2684-M 



Annexes 

60 WEST THIRTEENTH STREET, MANHATTAN 
Tel. Chelsea 4478 

May E. Brockman, Teacher in Charge 

619 East 127th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 2920 

P. S. 9, 82ND ST. AND WEST END AVE., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Schuyler 8437 

Elizabeth Donaldson, Teacher in Charge 

51 Burns St., Forest Hills. L. I. 

Tel. Boulevard 6514-W 

P. S. 66, 421 EAST 88TH ST., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Lenox 9214 

Abbie S. Hodgetts, Teacher in Charge 

450 First Ave., Long Island City, L. I. 

Tel. Astoria 1751-R 

P. S. 87, 77TH ST. AND AMSTERDAM AVE.. MANHATTAN 
Tel. Schuyler 1175 

Frank L. Bailey, Teacher in Charge 
Suffern, N. Y. 

P. S. 96, 81ST ST. AND AVE. A, MANHATTAN 
Tel. Rhinelander 8330 

Anna Goldberg, Teacher in Charge 
106 Rodney St., Brooklyn 

P. S. 117, 170 EAST 77TH, MANHATTAN 
Tel. Rhinelander 4880 

Mary B. Underhill, Teacher in Charge 

87 Hamilton PI., Manhattan 

Tel. Audubon 1200 

P. S. 179. lOlST ST. AND AMSTERDAM AVE., MANHATTAN 
Tel. Riverside 5978 

David L. Arnold, Teacher in Charge 

802 West 181st St., Manhattan 

Tel. Wadsworth 9818 



144 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Fereigan, Angela Clerical Assistant 

Hayes, Genevieve • • Clerical Assistant 

McCoRMACK, Christine Clerical Assistant 

Miller, Rose S Clerical Assistant 

O'Hara, Mary F • • Clerical Assistant 

Reedy, May R Clerical Assistant 

Schlesinger, Ethel Clerical Assistant 

Christopher, Katherine Library Assistant 

Elder, Vera Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

John Linker. Chairman 

175 East 79th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Lenox 3197 

Bailey, Frank L. Kysor, Dania 

Benner, Charlotte Lubin, Anna S. 

Berall, Louis McMahon, Grace 

Clark, Naomi Rosenthal, Terese 

Donovan, Helen Sacks, Sarah L. 

Duffy, Elizabeth Smith, Ethel 

Filfus, Nathaniel Smith, Harry D. 

Gribben, Helen Smith, Frederick 

Hamill, Annie Smith, Isabel 

Kelban, Sophia Waxer, Madeline 

Klein, Edward C. Wicksman, Paul 

BIOLOGY 

Benjamin C. Gruenberg, Chairman 
418 Central Park West, Manhattan 
Tel. Riverside 23 
Frank, Jeanette Topp, Emily 

DRAWING 

Ada L. Hastings, Chairman 

137 West 12th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Chelsea 5774 

Frost, Anna Lowenthal, Rebecca 

Holmes, Clara Maloney, Katherine 

ELOCUTION 
Moorhead, Phyllis L. Raubicheck, Letitia 

ENGLISH 

John M. Avent, Chairman 
2 Valley Road, White Plains, N. Y. 
Tel. White Plains 3055-J 
Allen, Martha Christianson, Addie 

Allen, Mary K. Clarke, Eleanor 

Borklund, C. Arthur Dahlberg, Inga J. 

Center, Stella De Fremery, Henrietta R. 

Chater, Ellen McR. Donaldson, Elizabeth 



JULFA RICHMAN HIGH SCHOOL 



145 



Donohue, Eleanor 
Dougine, Genevieve 
Everette, Isabelle 
Franklin, Edna K. 
Harrow, Caroline S. 
Hodgetts, Abbie S. 



Wayt, Hazel I. 



Howes, Emily 
King, Marie 
Lessing, Edna 
Robinson, Anna 
Sanborn, Mildred 
Starrat, Rose 



HISTORY AND CIVICS 

Augustus S. Beatman, Chairman (History) 

953 Anderson Ave.- Bronx 

Tel. Melrose 9094 

Mary J. Morse, Chairman (Civics) 
415 West 115th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Cathedral 7127 
Abelow, Samuel P. Fleming, Carrie O. 

Axel, Tamah Gross, Esther S. 

Brauman, Rebecca Hale, Harriet 

Clabault, Gwendoline Herring, Alice M. 

Doyle, John W. Maeder, Emily 

Tenrosen, Daniel 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Isabella Hyde, Chairman 
125 Washington PI., Manhattan 
Accurso, Catherine Kelley, Edith 

Borges, Remedies C. Lambert, Paula 

Boyd, Martha Martinez, Mariela 

Collins, Helen B. Moscowitz, Bertha 

Colon, Maria Sandal, Caroline 

Crocker, Nellie J. .Saxton, Margaret 

Ford, Anna Whipple, Bernice 

Horwitt, Pauline White, Isabelle 

MUSIC 

Frances Gould, Chairman 

115 Montague St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Main 1560 

Bennett, Eva Frisbie, Eva 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Carrie Van R. Ashcroft, Chairman 
525 West End Ave.. Manhattan 
Tel. Schuyler 2877 
Bavier, Margaret Mars, Helen 

Hazen, Charlotte Palmer, Caroline 

Healey. Helen Ryan, Loretta C. 

Krebs, Matilda Skahan, Mary R. 

McMillen, Eleanor Smith, Edith 

Weill, Blanche 

SEWING 

Charlotte A. Waite, Chairman 

419 West 119th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 7700 



Walter, Louise 



Weller, Ethel C. 



146 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Mary F. Cahill, Chairman 
2 Beckman PI., Manhattan 
Tel. Plaza 8820 
Beihoff, Belle Langdon, Ruth J. 
Clauder, Fannie N. Lieberman, Mildred 
Cohen, Louis R. McGill, Florence 
Ecker, Rose McGivney, Virginia 
Evans, Sarah Maher, Adelaide 
Farrell, Agnes Mandel, Benjamin 
Frankel, Rachel S. Mulcahy, Mary- 
Goldberg, Anna Rice, Mabel 
Greenglick, Louis Richards, Elsa 
Harrington, Ada M. Ruggeri, Agnes 
Hayes, Bertha F. Sleeth, Addie 
Hiler, Fannie Solon, Sarah 
Holstein, Samuel Sonnenthal, Pauline 
Kahn, Jeanette Strelitz, Hattie 
Kennedy, Agnes Sugarman, Arthur 
Krivulin, Katharine Ullman, Selma 
Krupp, Sadie White. Mabel 



MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL 



Seventh Avenue and Fourth Strtet, Brooklyn 
Tel. South 1380 



Horace M. Snyder, Principal 

863 East 18th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Mansfield 1418 

Louis S. Odell, Administrative Assistant 

1827 East 15th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Coney Island 732-M 

Willard B. Nelson, First Assistant 

Sll Second St., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 4480-J 

Albert L. Colsten, First Assistant 
1556 73rd St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Bensonhurst 7220-J 

Henry T. Weed, Co-ordinator 

15 Hawthorne St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 8895-M 



Annex 



P. S. 94, PROSPECT AVE. AND REEVES PL., BROOKLYN 
Tel. South 24 

J. Clarence Smith, Teacher in Charge 

430 Fourth St., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 3315-W 



MANUAL TRAINING HIGH SCHOOL 147 

Hertzfield, Leonore H Clerical Assistant 

McDermott, Thomas W Clerical Assistant 

Mangan, Mary de C Clerical Assistant 

Massouneau, Robert L., Jr Clerical Assistant 

Schwartz, Frances Clerical Assistant 

Hazen, Ella M Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Arthur E. Hunt, Chairman 

82 Hawthorne St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 5054-R 

Apisdorf, Alexander Dunnet, Christina 

Baily, Anna E. Rider, Lloyd A. 

Braman, Mary L. Smith, M. Helen 

Conley, William E. Wolcott, Henry G. 

DRAWING— FREEHAND 
Florence L. Coding, Chairman 
304j^ Clermont Ave., Brooklyn 
Tel. Prospect 118-J 
Evans, George C. Pasternak, Nathaniel 

Murphy, Margaret L. Putnoi, Ezra 

Partridge, Edith J. Tuthill, Mary E. 

Wright, Helen S. 

DRAWING— MECHANICAL 
Abbott, Frederick B. Jacobson, Harry 

Abrahams, Isaiah S. Mackby, Julius C. 

Coan, Charles W. Taylor, Harold E. 

Taylor, Louis 

ENGLISH 
Herbert Bates, Chairvian 

11 Lake Ave., Brooklyn 

Andersen, Lorentius O. Kemlo, Elizabeth W. 

Beisheim, William F. Luther, Edith M. 

Bergoffen, Herman Maby, Amelia H. 

Boole, Florence A. McDonald, John J. 

Cambern, J. Raymond Meneely, John H. 

Cotter, Julia T. Meserve, Martha C. 

Dumond, Helen Mageworth, J. Otis 

Fletcher, Mann O'Donnell, J. Emmctt 

Gnade, Agnes O'Keeffe, Marion T. 

Graham, Ruth E. Peck, Emily S. 

Hampshire, John W. Taylor, Nettie 

Hoffman, Mark Wolfe, Alice J. 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 
Ernest E. Smith, Chairman 
186 Maple St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 2935-R 
Fahey, Sara H. O'Mahoney, John P. 

Fanning, Grace M. W. Puig, Louise M. 

Hall, Mary A. Reed. William E. 

Keenan, Patrick J. Schaible, Godfrey C. 

McDonald, Genevieve A. Stone, Maudie L. 

Marquardt, Florence Yarrington, Adrian M. 



148 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



LATIN 

Edgar S. Shumway, Chairman 

472 East 18th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 8830-J 

Bryant, Elizabeth E. Richardson, William C. 

Dickinson, Henry N. Russell, Warren L. 

Dithridge, Caroline M. Smith, J. Clarence 

MATHEMATICS 
Albert L. Colsten, Chairman 
1556 73rd St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Bensonhurst 7220-J 
Aldridge, Vincent Tones, Walter R. 

Baker, Eleanor R. MacColl, Robert J. 

Browne, Mabel E. McCreary, Herbert J. 

Cohen, Morris Nevins, Dora R. 

Cooley, Helen W. Odell, Louis 

Davis, Eunice M. Salman, Frances 

Freeberg, Sigrid C. Shimberg, Jeannette 

Geiss, M. Paula Snow, Minnie 

Jahr, Alfred D. Solomon, Charles 

Jewell, Edith Walton, Georgiana C. 

Zaslaw, Myer 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

William W. Lamb, Chairman 

225 Argyle Road, Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 6828-J 



FRENCH 

Allen, John Trevette 
Bachelder, Mary A. 
Maginn, Elizabeth M. 

Yost, Clemens A. 



Schwartz, Edward E. 
Soule, Bertha L. 
Stern, Regine 



GERMAN 

Muller, Ernest G. 



Morrell, Henry B. 
Oswald, Frederick W., Jr. 
Peters, Frederick A. 



Reynolds, Alice M. 
Schwartz, Beatrice 
Simonpietri, Marie L. 



MUSIC 

Charles S. Yerbury, Chairman 
215 McDonough St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Lafayette 844-M 
Van Olinda, James E. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

WiLLARD B. Nelson, Chairman 

511 Second St., Brooklyn 

Tel. South 4480-J 



Bersohn, Robert 
Foster, Oscar R. 



CHEMISTRY 



Thun, Irene M. 



Holly, Harold A. 
Mattuck, Jacob A. 



MORRIS HIGH SCHOOL 149 



PHYSICS 

German, Charles C. Lindler, William 

Gray, J. Newton Mangus, James 

Holzman, Abraham Schaiimloeffel, John H. 
Tucker, Charles 

PHYSIOGRAPHY 

Brown, Merton A. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Wilfred L. Foster, Chairman 

675 Putnam Ave., Brooklyn 

Bloom, Isidor Harrigan, Joseph F. 

Colony, M. Elizabeth Innerman, Mary I. 

Foster, Baily B. Marks, E. Jeannette 

BOYS' METAL SHOP 

Bertram A. Lenfest, Chairman 
1524 76th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Bensonhurst 5106 
Billingham, Frank L. McCall, Carleton C. 

Hierholzer, Carl O. McSherrv, Lawrence 

McArdell, Wesley E. Robinson", John T. 

Vieillard, J. Frank 

BOYS' WOOD SHOP 
Alfred T. Robinson, Chairman 
1344 East 17th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Midwood 5469-J 
Austin, Harry W. Foster, Edwin W. 

Boecker, Alexander Gilson, Channing W. 

Brundage, Howard D. Hagen, William C. 

Cauvet, William H. LeRoy, Walter I. 

Edwards, Sidney 

Wigle, George C. 

GIRLS' SHOP 

Florence Green, Chairman 

165 Prospect Park West, Brooklyn 

Tel. South 6649 

Stone, Mabel Terrel, Lillian A. 



MORRIS HIGH SCHOOL 



166th Street and Boston Road, Bronx 
Tel. Intervale 238 



Elmer E. Bogart, Principal 
227 South Columbus Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 
Tel. Hillcrest 2485-M 

Frank M. Surrey, First Assistant 

593 Riverside Drive, Manhattan 

Tel. Audubon 3402 



150 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Harold E. Foster, Administrative Assistant 

270 Garden Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Hillcrest 2353-J 



B ASHEiN^ Martha H Clerical Assistant 

Ferris, Florence L » Clerical Assistant 

Glendenning, Helen F Clerical Assistant 

HiMMELMANN, Marie Clerical Assistant 

Jarck, Elsa a Clerical Assistant 

Spear, Alice B Clerical Assistant 

Hamlin, M. Louise Library Assistant 

Hathaway, Bertha F Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

Herman M. Elkan, Chairman 

758 Kelly St., Bronx 

Tel. Melrose 4950 

Kessler, Harry Strom, Nathan 

Schatteles, Arthur Tasch, Ulysses S. 

Weiss, Mary T. 

BIOLOGY 

James E. Peabody, Chairman 
Carhart Ave., White Plains, N. Y. 
Tel. White Plains 998-W 
Banning, Laura Kroeber, Elsbeth 

Fink, Albert ' Muller, Theodore 

Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth T. Read, Edith 

Hixon, Kate B. Thompson, Martha 

Innian, Charles G, Weinstein, Israel 

CHEMISTRY 

Michael D. Sohon, Chairman 

1334 Chisholm St., Bronx 

Tel. Intervale 1285 

Cohen, Theodore Hess, J. Ammon 

CIVICS 

Fred C. White, Chairman 

470 East 161st St., Bronx 
Tel. Melrose 990 
Caldwell, Ruth E. Moritz, Mercedes I. 

Conway, John J. O'Donnell, Agnes T. 

DOMESTIC ART 
Magrane, Mary E. 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
Story, Helen M. 



MORRIS HIGH SCHOOL 151 

DRAWING 
Dela p. Mussey, Chairman 
672 St. Nicholas Ave., Manhattan 
Tel. Audubon 4312 
Ames, Jessie T. Henoch, S. Stella 

Ferris, Mary D. Parker, Margaret B. 

Fueslein, Leonie Van Allen, Katherine C. 

ELOCUTION 
Raymond N. Kellogg, Chairman 
2364 Valentine Ave., Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 1779-J 
Bates, Thomas S. Hartley, Alice C. 

ENGLISH 
Emma F. Lowd, Chairman 
2564 Creston Ave., Bronx 
Tel. Fortham 8884-W 
Appel, FrankJ. Ketchum, Roland B. 

Ballard, Charles C. Knowlton, Mary E. 

Burt, Clara M. Knox, Charlotte G. 

Choffin, Irene M. Le Comte, Harold 

De Witt, Louise L. Look, Samuel M. 

Drachman, Julian Matthews, Archibald J. 

Eastman, Marjorie McC. Meyers, David 

Falk, Anna A. Muller, Ada H. 

Foster, Harold E. Schlosberg, Samuel 

Gaylord, Harriet E. Smith, Mabel P. 

Hilker, Hedwig W. D. Strum, Nellie A. 

Kerr, Edna B. Twamley, Edna 

FRENCH 
Emma B. Bryant, Chairman 
16 Bayley Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 
Tel. Yonkers 5490-R 
Brun, Blanche Nice, Madeline T. 

Carlton, Elizabeth G. Paget, Frances 

CoUa, Clara Pinard, Amelia P. 

Hunt, Mabel M. Schoedde, Emma J. 

Konerman, Helene Tilley, Lydia L. 

GERMAN 
Swartout, Caroline H. 
HISTORY 
Abby B. Bates, Chairman 
1421 University Ave., Bronx 
Tel. Tremont 5656 
Baer, Dena Haley, Owen A. 

Bridgman, Anne T. Hall, Caroline D. 

Carey, Alice M. McQuilland, George T. 

Davis, Alice Smith, Donald E. 

LATIN 

JosiE A. Davis, Chairman 

416 West 118th St., Manhattan 

Bogart, Sarah H. Constantine, Harriet L. 

Carr, Agnes Cutler, Sanford L. 

Stewart, Effie F. 



152 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

MATHEMATICS 
Irving A. Heikes, Chairman 
1061 Clay Ave., Bronx 
Ackerly, Jennie Joslin, Jennie M. 

Bergman, Morris L. Landau, Laura 

Clark, Helen MacG. Levi^is, Arthur C. 

Gaylor, William M. Miller, Myrtle H. 

Gilmour, Emily J. Scott, Cora A. 

Hazen, Louise C. Winslow, Isabel G. 

MUSIC 

Edwin S. Tracy, Chairman 

305 East 161st St., Bronx 

Tel. Melrose 4476 

Fischer, Ida E. Smith, Luella G. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Otis C. Skeele, Chairman (Boys) 

21 Sycamore Ave., Mount Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Hillcrest 2071 

Mary C. Freeston, Chairman (Girls) 

419 West 119th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 7700 

Barnum, Grace E. Parker, Jacob 

Butler, Evelyn M. Strauss, Julius 

Wynkoop, Gertrude 

PHYSICS 

WiLLARD R. Pyle, Chairman 

125 Franklin Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Hillcrest 5304-R 

Strayer, Franklin R. 

PHYSIOGRAPHY 

Charles A. Miller, Chairman 

2698 Creston Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Fordham 2098-R 

Surrey, Frank M. 

SPANISH 

C. Grace Carnahan, Chairman 

564 Riverside Drive, Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 8050 

Clarke, William A. Proctor, Harriet D. 

Franke, Clara E. Reich, Leo 

Garrestegui, Juan Schoenrock, Hedwig 

Hart, Abina M. Tschudy, Vera A. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Charles L. Frank, Chairman 
460 West 149th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Audubon 5810 
Bergman, Lillian H. Perkins, Deborah R. 

Conn, Charles Scully, Teresa M. 

Fine, Lena J. Strumpf, Harold A. 

Ludwig, Augustus Walsh, John V. 

Weizenhoffer, Max 



NEWTOWN HIGH SCHOOL 153 



NEWTOWN HIGH SCHOOL 



Chicago Avenue, Elmhurst, L. I. 
Tel. Newtown 40 



James D. Dillingham, Principal 

189 Denman St., Elmhurst, L. I. 

Tel. Newtown 579-M 

Arthur E. Book, Administrative Assistant 

12 Euclid St., Forest Hills, L. I. 

Tel. Boulevard 6245-R 



Bryant, Grace Clerical Assistant 

Mackay, Catharine B Clerical Assistant 

Bedell, Julia I Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Wallace K. Crouthamel, Chairman 
128 25th St., Elmhurst, L. I. 
Tel. Newtown 2281 
Larsh, Charles H. Nichols, Clyde S. 

Mehling, Jacob P. Sharp, Eleanor 

Slater, Henry B. 

BIOLOGY 

Nellie P. Hewins, Chairman 
10 Ketcham PI., Elmhurst, L. I. 
Tel. Newtown 444 
Adams, Margarita Larsen, Isabel 

CHEMISTRY 
McAuliflfe, Anna 

DOMESTIC ART 
Grant, M. Alma 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 
Perry, Oroli R. 

DRAWING 

Catherine A. Lancaster, Chairman 

30 Horton St., Elmhurst, L. I. 

Craft, Anna W. 

Davis, Ruth E. 

MECHANICAL DRAWING 
Harris, William H. 



154 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



ENGLISH 
Jacob C. Tressler, Chairman 
115 Pembroke PL, Kew Gardens, L. I 
Tel. Richmond Hill 5310-W 
Baldwin, Jessie M. Ryder, Mary E 

Galvm, Kathryn M. Shanly, Mary E. 

Gross, Irene T. Shaw, Adele M. 

Marshall, Agnes M. Sheridan, Gladys 

Rogers, Cora M. Wells, Nellie E. 

HISTORY AND CIVICS 

Helen G. Preston, Chairman 

Ketcham PL, Elmhurst, L. I. 

Tel. Newtown 1499-W 

Brown, Adelaide P. Dietrich, Lucy G. 

Caswell, Leon A. Gomph, Anna M. 

Seeber, Elizabeth 

JOINERY 
Messenger, Leslie A. 

LATIN 

Clyde R. Jeffords, Chairman 

19 Union Park Ave., Jamaica, L. I. 

Tel. Jamaica 3890 

Jaggard, Alice McKinney, May 

Swenson, Celeste C. 

MATHEMATICS 

Minnie M. Powers, Chairman 

1236 Union St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 7599 

Eggleston, Charlotte Lanese, Carolyn F. 

Traynor, John 

MODERN LANGUAGES 
Avery, Jean W. Hough, Jean W. 

Dowlin, Jennie B. Pennock, Emma B. 

Zerban, Alexander H. W. 

MUSIC 
Valentine, Cornelius 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

T. Bruce Kirkpatrick, Chairman 

1120 Amsterdam Ave., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 1400 

Cox, Ella M. Johnson, Albert A. 

Cox, Samuel A. McMahon, Cathryn 

Payne, Jennie C. 

PHYSICS 

Morris, Mary F. 



NEW UTRECHT HIGH SCHOOL 155 



PHYSIOGRAPHY 
Kingsbury, George H. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Caroline M. Hills, Chairman 

2 Roman Ave., Forest Hills, L. I. 

Tel. Boulevard 6122 

Blankenhorn, Fannie C. Flanagan, William E. 

Mackay, Christine A. 



NEW UTRECHT HIGH SCHOOL 



Eighteenth Avenue and Eighty-sixth Street, Brooklyn 
Tel. Bensonhurst 711 



Harry A. Potter, Principal 

518 68th St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Shore Road 4981 



Strahs, Jacob Clerical Assistant 



BIOLOGY 
Florence I. Martin, Chairman 
26 7th Ave., Brooklyn 
Cullen, Michael J. 

COMMERCIAL BRANCHES 

John P. Cahill, Chairman 

51 Clark St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Main 10000 

Brownell, George E. Machlowitz, Joseph 

DRAWING 

Pearl C. Henderson, Chairman 

49 Henry St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 9671 

Seipp, Anna Margaret 

ENGLISH 

Charles H. J. Douglas, Chairman 
815 Marcy Ave., Brooklyn 
Baron, Joseph Kennedy, Harold M. 

Goldstein, Alexander Sanders, Edward 1. 

Hurwitz, Marie Shirley, Mmerva B. 



156 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

FRENCH 
Quirk, Cecile B. 

GERMAN 
Lippner, Simon L. 

HISTORY 

Jaffe, Louis H. Robinson, Eva J. 

LATIN 

William A. Jenner, Chairman 
87 Columbia Hts., Brooklyn 
Grant, Alice C. 

MATHEMATICS 

Meyer Weiner, Chairman 
5617 12th Ave., Brooklyn 
Cohen, Jacob Doris, Charles 

Moses, I. Edward 

MUSIC 
Tindall, Glenn M. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

Guy R. Thomas, Chairman 

1443 73rd St, Brooklyn 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Barnet p. Sharpe, Acting Chairman 

2928 W. 33d St, Brooklyn 

Helm, Joseph R. Zinovoy, George 

SPANISH 
Arias, Gracia L. Fernandez Bradford, Emilia F. 

Avirett, May G. Grossman, Lena M. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Simpson, Gertrude Zinner, Sigmund 



RICHMOND HILL HIGH SCHOOL 



114th Street, Richmond Hill, L. I. 
Tel. Richmond Hill 25 



Irving A. Hazen, Principal 

Richmond Hill Drive, Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 67-R 



RICHMOND HILL HIGH SCHOOL 157 

Annexes 

P. S. 51, CHURCH ST., RICHMOND HILL, L. I. 
Tel. Richmond Hill 7005-J 

Charles A. Stewart, Teacher in Charge 
8524 111th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

P. S. 90, NAPIER AND JAMAICA AVES., 
RICHMOND HILL, L. I. 
Tel. Richmond Hill 6941-J 

Florence E. Beers, Teacher in Charge 

685 Nostrand Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 1464 



Glen, M. Eva Clerical Assistant 

Kiso, Paula Clerical Assistant 

Robeson, Julia G Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 
Harris Kanwit, Chairman 
20 Thompson PI., Lvnbrook, L. I. 
Tel. Lynbrook 959-M 
Curtis, Eliza Clark Meehan, William 

Hubbard, Ruth E. Steinmetz, William G. 

Kelley, Mary A. Stewart, Charles A. 

CIVICS 
Foote, John Paul Stevenson, Christian R. 

DRAWING 

Jessie L. Clough, Chairman 

1947 Broadway, New York City 

Allen, Ralph W. Flint, Arthur 

ELOCUTION 

Sara M. Barber, Chairman 

1395 Dean St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 5999 

Cooney, Genevieve 

ENGLISH 
Charles R. Gaston, Chairman 
215 Abingdon Road, Richmond Hill, L. I. 
Tel. Richmond Hill 1469 
Heard, Stella S. Hotaling, Ethelwyn D. 

Bond, Raymond T. Lent, Suzanne B. 

Chapin, Abby F. Proctor, Robert H. 

Corson, Livingston Root, Eva R. 

Wolcott, Emily P. 

HISTORY 

Matthew L. Dann, Chairman 

8552 112th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 4059-W 

Elder, June Knapp, Annie M. 

Leete, Gertrude M. 



158 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



LATIN 

Sophia Vorhees, Chairman 
Tower Villa, Richmond Hill L. I 
Tel. Richmond Hill 1065 
Beers, Florence E. Johnson, Estelle M. 

MATHEMATICS 

Leland L. Landers, Chairman 

8552 116th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 1079 

Baldwin, Walter J. Robinson, Franklin D. 

Gilhland, Alice M. Stilson, William E. 

Nichols, Newton D. Talbot, A. May 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Maud E. Manfred, Chairman 

1356 Pacific St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 3306-W 

Brown, Ethel E. Finnigan, James J. 

Burrage, Myra Allen Golde, Margaret D. 

Byron, Loubriel Belen Helmken, Bertha C. 

Lindner, Clara 

MUSIC 

Daniel Wood, Chairman 

8923 118th St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 1896 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Harley H. Thomas, Chairman (Boys) 
360 Halsey St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Decatur 3538-W 
Jacobson, A. George 

Jennie E. Chapin, Chairman (Girls) 

37 Briggs Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 1111-J 

lOiracLaughlin, Helena S. Randall, Christine V. 

SCIENCE 

Morris C. Valentine, Chairman 

Maxwell Ave., Jamaica, L. I. 

Tel. Jamaica 690 

Clegg, Ambrose A. Chapin, Henry E. 

Yoder, Arthur L. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Marion G. Richardson, Chairman 

1115 Birch St., Richmond Hill, L. I. 

Tel. Richmond Hill 915-J 

Perry, Mabel L. Read, Mary E. 

Storer, Henry A. 



STUYVESANT HIGH SCHOOL 159 



STUYVESANT HIGH SCHOOL 



345 East Fifteenth Street, Manhattan 
Tel. Stuyvesant 3739 



Ernest R. von Nardroff, Principal 
397 Madison St., Brooklyn 

Murray Bruce, Administrative Assistant 
615 52nd St.. Brooklyn 

Walter E. Foster, First Assistant 

611 West 158th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Audubon 5600 

Frank M. Whitehall, Assistant 

438 Quincy St., Brooklyn 

Tel. Decatur 1477-J 

Charles W. Marston, Assistant 

25 South Hillside Ave., Glen Ridge, N. J. 

Tel. Glen Ridge 2535-M 



BoEHM. Sadie Clerical Assistant 

Bluestone, Ethel Clerical Assistant 

Constant, Ruth Clerical Assistant 

Ollendorf, Arnold A Clerical Assistant 

Romme, Percy E Clerical Assistant 

Smith, James V Clerical Assistant 

Stableford, Richard Clerical Assistant 

Ullman. Epgar a Clerical Assistant 

Boardman, Marguerite Library Assistant 

Zatz, Morris Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 

Ralph C. Benedict, Chairman 
322 East 19th St., Brooklyn 
Tel. Flatbush 3379 
Gramet, Charles A. Roeth, Natalie 

Jenkins, Mary B. Safir, Shelly R. 

CHEMISTRY 
Robert W. Fuller, Chairman 
Westport, Conn. 
Tel. Westport 226 
Bauman, Ben Ellard, Charles H. 

Blue, Thomas G. Ellner, Samuel H. 

Bright, Robert A. Markson, Alexander 

Coleman, David F. Rodman, Bayard B. 

Uhlig, William B. 



160 



HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



DRAWING— FREEHAND 
Henry E. Fritz, Chairman 
4 Poplar Ave., North Pelham, N. Y. 
Tel. Pelham 1674-R 
Chatfield, William A. Fischer, Philip 

Cohen, James Frerichs, Harrison M. 

Fenton, John W. Rabus, Maximilian 

Wilkes, Max S. 

DRAWING— MECHANICAL 

Frank A. Gardner, Chairman 
401 West 118th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 198 
Battey, Lewis B. Homer, Jacob 

Breiling, Ralph Knox, T. Harry- 

Gray, Jacob M. Leonhard, Theodore S. 

Greenberg, Abraham B. Meyer, Hans C. 

Hanford, Clarence D. Panuska, Frank 

Hingsberg, Thomas Sackman, Gilbert R. 

ENGLISH 



Frederick H. Law, Chairman 

472 Argyle Road, Brooklyn 

Tel. Flatbush 1995-R 



Andrews, Charlton 
Blum, Gnstav 
Bruce, Murray 
Bunnekamp, William 
Davidoflf, Henry 
Donohue, John J. 
Glotzer, Isidore 
Hamilton, Alide H. 
Horwitz, Max 
Jacoby, Henry 
Kane, Thomas F. 
Kelly, Edwin M. 
Lechler, Pauline L. 
Lewis, Isabel F. 
Lightcap, Joseph 
Lobsenz, Margaret 
Login, Charles 



Marks, Harry M. 
Marks, Lazarus E. 
Marston, James P. 
Miller, William L. 
Pierce, Alice R. 
Richardson, Kathryn 
Rodkey, Edith 
Schuman, Samuel 
Shear, S. Alexander 
Shipley, Joseph T. 
Smerling, Frank 
Sper, Felix 

Steigman, Benjamin M. 
Stolper, Benjamin J. R. 
Swartz, Sidney A. 
Tennant, George B. 
Whitehall, Frank M. 



Zimmerman, Elizabeth A. 

FRENCH 

Clement G. Elmer, Chairman 
73 Highview Ave., New Brighton, S. I. 
Tel. Tompkinsville 890-R 
Abramowitz, Philip Mankiewicz, Frank J. 

Freeman, Thomas J. Neumarker, John G. 

Henin, Benjamin L. Parrott, Alfred F. 

Kaplan, Isaac Rakowitz, Samuel 

Klaf ter, Simeon H. Wendell, May 

Kummerle, Katherine M. Windman, Ralph 



GERMAN 



Beha, Joseph L. 



Lipsky, Abram 



STUYVESANT HIGH SCHOOL 



161 



HISTORY AND CIVICS 

A, Franklin Ross, Chairman 
65 Kenilworth PL, Ridgewood, N. J. 
Tel. Ridgewood 977-M 
Dee, Marion R. Ham, Charles 

Dunbar, William F. Kennedy, Mary J. 

Fink, Frederick M. Ober, William 

Goldberg, Israel Philips, Sidney D. 

Hall, Gamble Rodick, Burleigh 

Stephens, Walter L. 



LATIN 

Walter E. Foster, Chairman 

611 West 158th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Audubon 5600 

Reynolds, Frank A. 



MATHEMATICS 

William E. Breckenridge, Chairman 

21 Sycamore Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Mt. Vernon 2071 



Andrews, Richard M. 
Augsbury, Carl S. 
Barcus, Hugh H. 
Cheney, Thomas C. 
Clark, Jennie E. 
Clark, John P. 
Cochran, Thomas 
Cohen, Morris 
Corbett, Joseph S. 
Cornell, Charles F. 
DeGraff, Forrest A. 
Diamond, Morris 
Fernalld, Floyd M. 
Glugoski, Arthur 
Goldman, Louis A. 



Zimmerman, Julius 



Greenfield, Solomon 
Henriques, Maurice C. 
Hirschberg, Samuel 
Leventhal, Murray J. 
McCormack, Joseph P. 
McMillen, Florence 
Marston, Charles W. 
Meyer, Joseph H. 
Page, Donald T. 
Patterson, George W. 
Sachs, William S. 
Shanholt, Henry H. 
Silberstein, Nathan 
Sindelar, Charles 
Welkowitz, Samuel 



METAL WORKING 

Stanley A. Gage, Chairman 

71 Maple Ave., New Rochelle, N. Y. 

Tel. New Rochelle 3377-J 



Buckhop, Ferdinand 
Griswold, Clifford B. 
Insingna, John 
McLachlin, William 



Wilson, John 



Schwarzkopf, Ernst 
Smith, Seymour ^ ,. 
Smith, Walter M. 
Stark, Henry 



MUSIC 

Carl Danielson, Chairman 

611 West 158th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Audubon 5600 



Downey, Frank 



Nye, Douglas 



162 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

George E. Cooley, Chairman 

14 Irving PI., Manhattan 

Tel. Stuyvesant 1461 

Anderson, William Howard, William 

Bradshaw, Wilmar H. Marks, William B. 

Collins, Albert E. Mason, Appleton A. 

Hermansen, Carl Saltman, Joseph S. 

PHYSICS 
Raymond B. Brownlee, Chairman 
Elm St., Woodmere, L. I. 
Tel. Woodmere 2956 
Baier, Joseph G. Cromie, William A. 

Baker, Davis L. Johnson, Leslie A. 

Becker, Nathaniel Kean, Thomas W. 

Brown, Leon A. Lieberman, Jacob 

Brundage, Milton B. Lockwood, Cornelius W. 

Campbell, Daniel R. McCormack, John W. 

Sanford, Clarence H. 

SPANISH 

Hyman Alpern, Acting Chairman 
1 East 119th St., Manhattan 

Barrows, Tessie Leuchs, Fritz A. H. 

Gomez, Carmen F. Pittaro, John M. 

Gray, Magna Rabus, Rose M. 

Heldt, Francis H. Rice, Marshall D. 

Jacobs, Morris L. Schabacker, Harold M. 

Jaret, Abraham Sherwell, Luis N. 

Kissane, Thomas Weinstock, George J. 

WOODWORKING 
George F. Stahl, Chairman 
2804 Pond PI., Bronx 
Daly, Charles Soper, Arthur 

Goldberg, Morris Stanford, James H. 

Goodrich, Howard F. Steinert, John B. 

Griswold, Edward D. Stotler, Albert 

Hopkins, WilHam C. Whitney, Chester M. 

Ledley, Charles W. Wood, Walter D. 

Mehrtens, Henry E- Worth, William A. 



THEODORE ROOSEVELT HIGH SCHOOL 



P. S. 31, Mott Avenue and 144th Street, Bronx 
Tel. Mott Haven 2109 



Richard Scheie, Acting Principal 
1167 Clay Ave., Bronx 



THEO. ROOSEVELT HIGH SCHOOL 163 



Annex 

P. S. 47, ST. LAWRENCE AND BEACH AVES., BRONX 
Tel. Westchester 3643 

Edward M. Williams, Teacher in Charge 
1342 Franklin Ave., Bronx 



Hughes, Rosalie M • • Clerical Assistant 

O'Connor, Leona Clerical Assistant 

Ryan, Florence J Clerical Assistant 

O'DoNNELL, Marjorie V Library Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

S. Bernard Koopman, Chairman 

934 Ogden Ave., Bronx 

Tel. Jerome 3849 

Bresel, Jennie K. Gunderson, Lily E. 

Cohen, Samuel Halprin, Abraham H. 

Feuerlicht, S. Julius Jacobia, Spencer P. 

Gilbert, Max Stetson, Sophie M. 

Godnick, Samuel P. Sultan, Pauline M. 

Tobin, Lauretta M- 

BIOLOGY AND HYGIENE 

Mary S. Hamilton, Chairman 

Elmsford, N. Y. 

Tel. Elmsford 1818-W 

Mann, Mary Lee 

DRAWING 

Elizabeth E. Morse, Chairman 
416 West 118th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 3502 
Smith, Bernice 

ECONOMICS AND CIVICS 

Amanda M. Langdon, Chairman 

157 West 123rd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 3786 

Cashen, Anne D. Fields, Harold 

ENGLISH 

John B. Opdycke, Chairman 

139 West 72nd St., Manhattan 
Brooks, Mabel F. McBain, Mary 

Butler, Alice Monro, Kate M. 

Coryell, Nancy G. Taintor, S. Augusta 

Love, Harry M. Weed, Marguerite 



164 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

HISTORY 

Grace Andrews, Chairman 

65 Jefferson Ave., Brooklyn 

Tel. Lafayette 5621 

Durkin, William J. Jones, C. Hubert 

Lucey, Anna M. 

MODERN LANGUAGES 

Howard C. Leonard, Chairman 

789 Elton Ave., Bronx 

Althaus, Amalie L. Lingg, Amalie S, 

Cassell, Theresa .Scheib, Richard 

Lang, Antoinette T. Wohlfarth, Amelia 

MUSIC 
White, Emory F. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Fern Stieg, Chairman 
2538 Creston Ave., Bronx 
Tel. Fordham 1801-W 
Keane, Thelma B. Olsson, Nils W. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Etta M. Hagar, Chairman 
70 Morningside Drive, Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 1100 
Adams, Helen M. Meyer, Anna 

Bunning, Edward Newman, Henry J, 

Caryl, Ethel E. Pickman, Marie A. 

Lippner, Philip Reinke, Eva G. 

Maher, Margaret J. Scherer, Morris 

Martini, Vera C. Serota, Ruth 



WADLEIGH HIGH SCHOOL 



114th Street near Seventh Avenue, Manhattan 
Tel. Cathedral 8292 



Stuart H. Rowe, Principal 

104 Hillcrest Ave., Yonkers, N. Y. 

Tel. Yonkers 3632 

Archibald L. Hodges, First Assistant 

414 W. 120th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 8760 

Anna Pearl MacVay, First Assistant 

7 West 49th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Circle 4553 



IVADLEIGH HIGH SCHOOL 165 

Spier, Doris J • • Assistant 

Beaton, Augusta C Clerical Assistant 

Brackett, Mary M Clerical Assistant 

Grabscheid, Anna Clerical Assistant 

Grove, Margaret S Clerical Assistant 

SiPSER, Emma H Clerical Assistant 

DowDEN, Florence A Library Assistant 



BIOLOGY 
Elsie M. Kupfer, Chairman 
50 West 76th St., Manhattan 
Tel Schuyler 6605 
Disalvo, Beatrix H. Middleton, Florence 

Hicks, Clara K. Minor, Marie L. 

Locke-Henry, Anna W. Sanial, Marie L. 

Meserve, Elizabeth E. Tweedy, Mary E. 

Womack, Mary D. 

DOMESTIC ARTS 

Rose F. Lord, Chairman 

23 North 5th St, Woodside, L. I. 

Tel. Astoria 3749 

Stevenson, Florence J. 

DOMESTIC SCIENCE 

Maud F. Smith, Chairman 

619 West 127th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 2920 

Spencer, Elizabeth L. 

DRAWING 

Julia C. Cremins, Chairman 

356 East 57th St., Manhattan 

Blenker, Anna C. Davis, Genevieve V. 

Crane, Lizzie C. Drake, Ruth W. 

Hobbs, Alice E. 

ENGLISH AND ELOCUTION 

Mary P. Eaton, Chairman 
44 Morningside Drive, Manhattan 
Tel. Cathedral 7520 
Bacon, Helen E. Kelsey, Lucile F. 

Barton, Rose M. King, Elizabeth E. 

Beare, Cornelia McDowell, Florence 

Burritt, Alice J. Martin, Harriette G. 

Cahill, Margaret Morrow, Julie M. 

Dike, Cornelia A. Murray, Jennie E. 

Doty, Eleanor S. Osborne, Louie H. 

Elliot, Lilliam M. Saltzberg, Florence G. 

Harris, Gertrude Sweeney, Helen M. 

Tefft, Mary E. B. 



166 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

FRENCH 
Henry Zick, Chairman 
36 West 96th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Riverside 7571 
Cavalier, Emilie G. Schulz, Bertha 

Goodrich, Martha M. Sesso, Pauline M. 

Haefelin, Fanny J. Syms, Louis C. 

Huguenin, Charles Tweedy, Grace B. 

Lapatnikoflf, Paula Wilson, Bessie D. 

Mussaeus, Marie G. Woodward, Adele M. 

HISTORY, CIVICS AND ECONOMICS 
Elizabeth C. Wood, Chairman 
100 Mornlngside Drive, Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 3477 
Barrett, Martha B. Noll, Anna 

Beach, Mary R. Oppermann, Melvin C. 

Beckwith, Frances A. Ralston, Etta L. 

Bennett, Ray Ransom, Minnie H. 

Carson, Clara L. Smith, Franklin H. 

Marty, Sara Taylor, Jane I. 

Miner, Clarence E. Ward, Grace F, 

LATIN AND GREEK 

Archibald L. Hodges, Chairman 

414 West 120th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 8760 

Churchill, Martha B. Nammack, Elizabeth F. 

Henry, Margaret Y. Roessler, Nellie L. 

McBride, Ehnor M. Royce, Sarah G. 

VanVliet, Jessie L. 

MATHEMATICS 
John A. Swenson, Chairman 
204 Park Ave., Leonia, N. J. 
Bowman, Cora M. Hart, Clara A. 

Bugbee, Harriet C. Kelsey, Louise H. 

Burchard, Anna T. Robinson, Alice M. 

Coman, Caroline Strasburger, Bertha 

Denis, Bertha Taylor, Miriam L. 

Harris, Mary E. Underwood, Elizabeth 

MUSIC 

Anna G. Judge, Chairman 

235 West 75th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Columbus 9750 

Barrett, Mary C. Blair, Elizabeth E. 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

Robert H. Cornish, Chairman 

400 West 118th St., Manhattan 

chemistry 
J. Stuart Gibson, Chairman 
22 Clinton Ave., Montclair, N. J. 
Bruere, Alice H. Cameron, Walter S. 



WASHINGTON IRVING HIGH SCHOOL 167 



PHYSIOGBAPHY 

William Walter Clendenin, Chairman 

120 Vista PI., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel. Mt. Vernon 3158-W 

Howard, Charlotte B. 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 

Frances Moulton, Chairman 
400 Manhattan Ave., Manhattan 
Tel. Morningside 846 
Baylis, Louise Hervey, Mary B. 

Beck.Alga M. Petrie, Jean D. 

Cumberland, Edith A. Potter, Mary G. 

SPANISH 

George T. Lenz, Chairman 

244 West "l06th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Academy 550 

Gelbach, Marie Seidensticker, Clara 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 

Rose Lighterman, Chairman 

664 West 179th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Wadsworth 2375 

Scheibe, Elizabeth 



WASHINGTON IRVING HIGH SCHOOL 



40 Irving Place, Manhattan 
Tel. Stuyvesant 3292 



Edward C. Zabriskie, Principal 

36 West 93rd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Riverside 1885 

Dora R. Thompson, Administrative Assistant 

26 Clifford Ave., Pelhamwood, N. Y. 

Tel. Pelham 4775-M 

F. Louise Warr, Assistant 

308 West 82nd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Schuyler 8120 

Helen B. Bressler, Assistant 
158 Second Ave., Long Island City, L. I. 



Bush, Mary F Clerical Assistant 

Denehy, Bride C Clerical Assistant 



168 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Gulliver, Barbara Clerical Assistant 

Kraker, Goldie Clerical Assistant 

LeBel, Emile M Clerical Assistant 

Nolan, Grace Clerical Assistant 

Paricer, Isabel C Clerical Assistant 

Whitney, Catherine Clerical Assistant 

Alexander, Elizabeth Library Assistant 

Annett, Sarah Library Assistant 

Wilcox, Ruth S Library Assistant 

GiTTOE, Ethel T Placement Assistant 



ACCOUNTING AND BUSINESS PRACTICE 

George K. Hinds, Chairman 
92 Riverside Drive, Manhattan 
Tel. Riverside 2538 
Arnowitt, M. Leon Greenstein, Max B. 

Berger, William Katz, Henry D. 

Bergstein, Adolph McMahon, Grace A. 

Black, Dorothy A. O'Neill, Edith F. 

Falk, Louis J. Quinn, Edw^ard J. 

Fox, S. Wordsworth Sackman, Esther B. 

Gallagher, Margaret F. Schulman, Morris A. 

Goldsmith, Morgan J. Sommerfield, Alfred 

Wallace, William C. 

BIOLOGY 

Rosemary F. Mullen, Chairman 
420 East 84th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Lenox 488 
Alley, M. Ida Leibell, Agnes M. 

Dithridge, Louise M. Mahnken, Florence V. 

Huncke, Helen F. Morrison, Grace L. 

Lambert, Sophia W. Thorburn, A. Pintler 

Slater, Florence W. 

CIVICS 

Mabel Skinner, Chairman 

19 East 9Sth St., Manhattan 

Tel. Lenox 3661 

Colin, Paula V. Eltzner, Dorothea 

Edwards, Minna H. Freeman, Mary 

Jenkins, Caroline E. 

DECLAMATION 

Eleanor M. Nightingale, Chairman 

44 Morningside Drive, Manhattan 

Tel. Cathedral 7520 

Allen, Helen J. Ryan, Elizabeth G. 

Benham, Alice W. Stiles, Ethel A. 

Nightingale, Ida E. Welsh, Edith E. 



WASHINGTON IRVING HIGH SCHOOL 169 

DOMESTIC ART 

Meriel W. Willard, Chairman 
16 Mead Ave., Passaic, N. J. 
Tel. Passaic 1532-M 
Barron, Honora A. Fueslein, Irma E. 

Claffy, Katharine Johnson, Harriet M. B. 

Consalus, Frances H. Levins, Julia M. 

de Varone, Bertha L. Logue, Annie E. 

Dunford, Honora A. Reynolds, Alice R. 

Fagin, Mary T. Richards, Ellen L. 

Felt, Carrie E. Thompson, Christine 

DOAIESTIC SCIENCE 
Florence Willard, Chairman 
16 Mead Ave., Passaic, N. J. 
Tel. Passaic 1532-M 
Dean, Nellie Pond, Harriet 

Dovi^d, Mary T. Roe, Ada 

Jameson, Jennie D. Skelton, Christine P. 

DRAWING 

Jeanette W. Cheney, Chairman 
104 West Lincoln Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y. 

Tel I Mt. Vernon 965-W 

Adams, Alice I. Hurlbut, Martha A. 

Averell, Ethel Lacey, Bertha J. 

Behr, Minna D. Newcomb, Florence A. 

Booth, Mary S. Pratt, Winifred 

Carpenter, Anna E. Ruggles, Zola B. 

Cowan, Georgia C. Scott, Alice B. 

Daley, Helen S. Shepard, Bertha S. 

Doux, MaryF. Violet, Smith 

Ferris, Laura C. Washburn, ,S. Annetto 

Gurnee, Marie E. Webster, Sara E. 

Hillman, Mercy A. Whitney, Clara G. 

ENGLISH 
Helen L. Cohen, Chairman 
38 West 93rd St., Manhattan 

Tel. Riverside 401 

Avery, Helene F. Marley, Ruth J. _ 

Barry, Loretta Marshall, Adelaide 

Bergamini, Rachel Northrop, Cora E. 

Bonney, Louise E. O'Hara, Catherine F. 

Brvan, Elizabeth M. Oiler, Marie 

Crandell, Helen H. Percy, Harriet C. 

Doherty, Helen F. Pownall. Edith M. 

Frame, Ray M. Quigg, Helen T. 

Gere, Lovisa B. Rostetter, Alice 

Hastings, Elinor Sherman, Rose E. 

Hickox, Laura C. Smith, Frances A. 

Hodgkins, Georgina Snider, Annie M. 

Johnson, Mary H. ' Tufts, Anne B. 

"Johnston, K. Courtney . Tuttle, Edith M. 

Lawton, Mary A. Waller, Phoebe M. 

McCreary, Elspeth H. Warner, Fredenca 

Mclntyre, Marie H. Wood, Mary M. 

Younghen, Edith C. 



170 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



FRENCH 
Nannie G. Blackwell, Chairman 
27 West 11th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Chelsea 2225 
Blum, Vivienne C. Guthrie, Kenneth 

Bouvard, Germaine Latzke Frances R 

Castro, Fausta Negri McCut'hcheon, H. Louise 

Chilcott, Clio M. Pratt, Elizabeth M. 

Gaynor, Margaret A. Smith, Georgina M. 

Goudal, Emihe Watkins, Julia C. 

Williams, S. Elizabeth 

GERMAN 
Biittner, Frieda 

HISTORY 

Ida G. Galloway, Chairman 

338 8th Ave., Pelham, N. Y. 

Bass, Bertha Kivlin, Maud 

Bassett, Elizabeth W. Marcus, Evelyn 

Dodd, Helen W. Streeper, Amanda 

Kirkman, Loulie Wells, Mildred A. 
Weiss, Alma J. 

ITALIAN 
Barberis, Eligio 

LATIN 

Ida Wessa, Chairman 

610 West 116th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Morningside 3040 

Guthrie, Grace . Hopkins, Frances L. 

LIBRARY 
Fritz, Louise P. 

MATHEMATICS 
Jessie A. Beach, Chairman 
503 West 121st St., Manhattan 
Baxter, Florence McQuade, Rose 

Eaton, Clara Roll, Rose 

McKenna, Mary Zagat, LilHe 

MUSIC 

Emma C. Caron, Chairman 

16 West 70th St., Manhattan 

Tel. Columbus 9619 

Gaines, Margaret E. _ Mooney, Lawrence 

Neidlinger, William 

PHYSICAL SCIENCE 

Earl B. Slack, Chairman 

22 Cassilus Ave., Bronxville, N. Y. 

Tel. Bronxville 900-M 

Ammerman, S. Lewis Pons, Catherine Archer 

Hayner, Burton A. Shellard, Warren P. 



WASHINGTON IRVING HIGH SCHOOL 171 

PHYSICAL TRAINING 
Alice Morrisey, Chairman 
217 West 104th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Academy 2115 
Gill, Lulu G. Owens, Lois M. 

Griffin, Bertha L. Sandman, Ida 

Malone, AL Agnes Scales, Carrie L. 

Mendell, Rose Stiebritz, Elsie 

Miller, Isabelle Thompson, Ann C 

SPANISH 

Medora L. Ray, Chairman 

262 W. 77th St., Manhattan 
Tel. Columbus 8615 
Bahret, Ruth A. LeflFert, Ethel 

Beiler, Florence Neuman, Libby 

Blair, Edith Pick, Thekla 

Buck, Helen I. Potter, Marion 

de Villalvilla, Maria Ryan, Olive 

Harmon, Esther Smith, Joseph H. 

STENOGRAPHY AND TYPEWRITING 
Elizabeth A. Roche, Chairman 
2 St. Nicholas PL, Manhattan 
Tel. Audubon 1710 
Allyn, Louise Meyenberg, Ameilia 

Brenner, Charlotte Murphy, George F. 

Drew, A. Virginia Orr, Ella J. 

de Mers, Adrienne Price, Isaac 

Glaser, Beatrice Riordan, Elizabeth 

Gold, Elias Shapiro, Sarah 

Kinnan, Madeline Stone, Bertha 

Klees, C. Mathilda Trent, Lewis 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF HIGH SCHOOL 
TEACHERS 



Abbot, Frances H., 9 St. Marks PL, West 

New Brighton, S. 1 1 A E (Ch), Curtis; 10-14-01 (2-8-09) 

Abbott, Frederick B., 419 9tli, Bn A MD, MT; 9-16-07 

Abbott, Marguerite W., 119 Hancock, Bn... A F, Girls; 7-1-96 

Abelow, Samuel P., 260-A Rochester Av., Bn. A H, JR; (2-1-06) 2-3-19 

Abelson, Joseph, 1525 President, Bn Lab A, P & C, Ms; 2-1-lS 

Abelson, Louis, 32 North, Bx A Cv, DWC; 9-10-20 

Abrahams, Isaiah, 866 Lafayette Ave., Bn.. A MD, MT, S-12-20 

Abramowitz, Philip, 210 Madison. Mn A F, Stv; (4-13-14) 2-3-19 

Accurso, Catherine, 290 E. 143d St., Mn A Sp, JR; 3-15-20 

Acker, Margaret K., 50 Woolsey, L. I. City A E, Bry; 9-1-97 

Ackerle, Ida V., 114 Field PL, Bx A Cv, Ev C; (2-1-98) 12-1-09 

Ackerly, Jennie, 416 W. 118th. Mn A M, Ms; 9-12-97 

Ackerman, Dorothy S., 427 E. 3d, Bn A Coml, BR; 9-11-16 

Adams, Alice I., 48 W. 92d, Mn A Carving & Metal Wkg. DWC; 

2-23-97 

Adams, Helen M., 435 W. 123, Mn A S Tp, TR; 3-2-14 

Adams, Margarite. 32 Palmetto, Bn Lab A, B, Ntn; (9-8-11) 9-6-18 

Adams, Milly E., 151 W. 105th, Mn A Carvg & Metal Wkg. WI; 12-9-03 

Adler, Frieda, 295 Central Pk. W., Mn A F G, Bry; (9-9-01) 9-8-11 

Adkins, Coston B., 34 Hendrix, Bn A ComL Coml; 9-11-14 

Adamson, David R., 2406 Newkirk Ave., Bn. A Mu, Coml; 2-2-20 
Adriance, Anna, 106 Herriman Ave., Ja- 
maica, L. I A PT, Jam; 11-1-17 

Ahern, Harry H., 75 Lee Ave., Bn AD, HSC; 2-2-20 

Alden, Henry T., 185 Quincy, Bn (Adm). Boys; (2-1-95) 1-1-12 

Aldinger, Harry E., 309 Park Ave., Mn 1 A PT (Ch), HSC; 2-1-06, (2-2-20) 

Alexander, Edward H.. 653 St. Johns PL, 

Bn A Ec. HSC; (2-16-00) 9-8-16 

Alexander, Elizabeth W., 419 W. 119th, Mn. Lib A. WI; 11-17-13 

Allaire, Ruth, 2265 84th, Bn A St Tp, Bwk; (3-1-10) 10-1-19 

Allan, Evelyn W. (Mrs.), 106 Ft. Greene 

PL, Bn P, G Coml; 2-6-99 (3-17-20) 

Allen, Edna M., 63 McDougal, Bn A M, Coml; 1-22-20 

Allen, Helen J., 416 W. 122d, Mn A Sp, WI; 3-1-15 

Allen, John Trevette, 481 6th, Bn A Sp F, MT; 9-12-04 

Allen, Luella M., 768 Union, Bn A F, EH; 9-11-14 

Allen, Mary K. (Mrs.), 312 W. 93, Mn A E, JR; 9-10-20 

Allen, Ralph W., 8652 107th, Richmond Hill, 

L. I A D, RH; 2-1-96 

Allen, Winifred S., 768 Union, Bn A L, BR; 2-16-10 

Alley, M. Ida, 216 E. 15th, Mn A P, Jam; 9-12-04 

Allyn, Louise, 128 W. 13th, Mn A St. Tp, WI; 9-11-11 

Alperin, Daniel M., 572 W. 187, Mn A PT, HSC; (9-5-13) 2-1-21 

Alpern, Hyman, 1 E. 119th, Mn A Sp (Acts Ch), Stv; 2-2-20 

Althaus, Amalie L., 2770 Briggs Ave., Bx... A G Sp, TR; 2-8-09 

Altholz, Nathaniel, 2661 Decatur Ave., Bx.. A Coml, EvC; (9-7-06) 2-1-13 

Ames, Jessie T., 1 W. 127th. Mn A FHD, Ms; (2-1-04) 2-1-10 

Ammerman, S. Lewis, 1305 Dorchester Rd., 

Bn A P, WI; 2-1-06 

Amster, Isadore. 1563 Wilkins Ave., Bn A Ace & Bus Pr, HSC; (11-1-07) 

11-1-18 
Andersen, Laurentius O., 363 Lenox Rd., 

Bn A E. MT; (1-31-02) 9-5-19 

Anderson, William L., 204 Manhattan Ave., 

Mn A PT, Stv; 2-1-18 

Anderson, Woodford D., 32 McDonough, Bn. A Coml, Coml; 9-14-03 

Andrade, Manuel J., 242 W. 103d, Mn A Sp, DWC; 3-15-20 

Andrews, Charlton, 628 W. 151st, Mn A E, Stv; 10-14-15 

Andrews, Grace, 65 Jefferson Ave., Bn AH (Ch), TR; (11-12-96) 2-1-07 

Andrews, Richard M., 373 W. 116th, Mn... A M. Stv; 9-10-06 

Andrews, William H., 265 Hawthorn, Bn... A PT (Ch), Boys; 4-1-95 

Annett, Sarah E., 609 W. 127, Mn Lib A, WI; 2-4-07 

Anthony, Oscar W., Plandome, L. 1 1 A (Adm;, M, DWC; 9-12-97 

(9-1-03) 

172 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 173 

Appel, Frank J., 410 3d Ave., Asbury Park, 

N. J A G, Ms: (4-1-99) 9-12-04 

Appell, Israel, 41 St. Nicholas Ter., Mn... A M (Chg An), HSC; (11-12-95) 

2-2-14 

Apisdorf, Alexander. 426 7th Ave., Bn A B, MT; 2-1-15 

Arden, Harriette, 78 W. 94th, Mn Lib A, DWC; 3-2-03 

Arenwald, Mesmin, 105 E. 192d, Bx A M, EvC; (5-1-07) 9-5-13 

Arias, Gracia Fernandez (Mrs.), 600 W. 

114, Mn A Sp, NU; 6-28-16 

Arnold, David L., 802 W. 181st. Mn 1 A M (Chg An), JR; (9-710) 

10-1-Oy 

Arnold, Edith S., 250 Park PI., Bn A ComI, BR; 10-15-14 

Arnold, Frank J., 476 9, Bn A StTp, Haaren; (9-9-10), 12-1-20 

Arnold, Frederick C, 907 Faile, Bx A, MD, EvC; 9-11-05 

Arnowitt, M. Leon. Rockaway Park, L. I.. A Coml, WI; 2-2-14 

Arthur, L. Louise, 107 W. 11th, Mn AH (Ch), Bry; 11-1-01 

Ashcroft, Carrie Van R., 525 West End 

Ave., Mn 1 A PT (Ch). JR; 10-1-07 

Ashe, Emma B. (Mrs.), 101 Columbia Hts., 

Bn A E, FR; 9-9-12 

Astroff, Mae. 2939 W. 32d, Sea Gate, Bn.. A PT, Girls; 10-14-18 

Attner, Bernice M., 132 Joralemon. Bn A H, Coml; 9-10-20 

Atwood, Walter S., 1905 Andrews Ave., Bx. A B, DWC; 6-28-16 

Augsbury, Earl S., 4260 Broadway, Mn A M, Stv; 2-1-06 

Augenstern, Michael. 6A Castleton Park, 

New Brighton, S. I A St Tp, Curtis; 2-2-20 

Auslander, Armit., 571 W. 139th, Mn A St Tp, GW; (9-12-04) 9-9-12 

Austin, Harry W., 2114 Caton Ave., Bn... A Wood Turning, MT; 11-11-10 

Austin, Mary E., 1385 E. 18th, Bn A PT, EH; 9-16-12 

Avent, John M., 2 Valley Rd., White Plains, 

N. Y 1 A E (Ch). JR; 9-11-11 (9-25-19) 

Averell, Ethel H., 217 Brooklyn Ave., Bn.. A FHD, WI; (3-106) 3-1-12 

Avery, Helene F. (Mrs.), 170 W. 89th, Mn. A E, WI; 2-3-13 
Avery, Jean W. (Mrs.), 46 Windsor PI., 

Forest Hills, L. I A Sp, Ntn; 3-1S-20 

Avirett, May G. (Mrs.). 704 8th Ave., Bn.. A Sp, NU; 9-12-04 

Axel, Tomah, 31 W. 110, Mn A Cv, TR; (3-1-12) 2-1-21 

Ayres. Mary S., 476 Clinton Ave., Bn A E, ED; 2-1-07 

B 

Babcock, Maude R., 19 Arlington PL, Bn.. A Sp G, GComl; 10-1-02 

Bachelder, Mary A., 592 E. 22nd Bn A F, MT; 9-10-06 

Back, Elizabeth M., 155 6th Ave.. Bn A M, BR; (12-1-08) 2-3-13 

Bacon, Helen E.. 404 W. 115th Mn A E, Wdl; 2-25-01 

Baer, Dena, Hotel Theresa, 125th and 7th 

Ave., Mn A H, Ms; (9-9-01) 9-12-10 

Bagenstose, Harvey L., 298 Parkside Ave., 

Bn A E, Coml; 9-10-06 

Baggs, Martha, 439 Hancock, Mn A B, BR; 9-14-08 

Bagnell, William J., 7 Parkside Ct., Bn A Coml, Jam; 9-8-16 

Bahret, Ruth A., 23 W. 83d, Mn A St, WI; 2-3-19 

Baier, Joseph G., Hamilton Ave., Nev/ 

Brunswick, N. J A P, Stv; 10-1-09 

Baily, Anna E. (Mrs.), 207 E. 17th, Bn... A B, MT; 10-1-09 

Bailey, Frank L., Suffern, N. Y A Coml (Chg An), JR; 2-15-lS 

Baker. Davis L., New Rochelle, N. Y A P, Stv; 9-11-16 

Baker, Eleanor R., 430 W. 18th, Mn A M, MT; 9-24-07 

Baker, Helen M., 31 Summit Ave., New 

Rochelle, N. Y A Ace & Bus Pr, BR; 3-15-18 

Baker,Katherine S., 1112 Dean, Bn AE, GComl; 2-2-20 

Balbin, Flonnda. 8804 Ridge Blvd., Bn A Sp, BR; 2-3-19 

Baldwin, Edwin F.. 94 W. 162d, Mn A Coml, HSC; (9-14-03) 2-3-13 

Baldwin, Jessie M., 72 Harvest, Forest 

Hills, L. I A E, Ntn; 11-3-13 

Baldwin, Mary M., 2 W. 129th, Mn A D, DWC; (10-5-98) 9-6-18 

Baldwin, Walter J., 257 Claremont Ave., Bn. A M, RH; 2-17-97 

Baltz. Frank P., 371 W. 119th, Mn 1 A Coml (Ch), EvC; 2-14-01 

(9-7-10) 

Ballard, Charles C, Bronxville. N. Y A E, Ms; 2-1-OS 

Banghart, Elizabeth, 125 E. 37th, Mn A Mu, Bry; 9-10-06 

Banning, Laura, 242 S. 4th Ave., Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y A B, Ms; 9-11-16 

Bannon, Agnes R., 1112 Dean, Bn Cler A, ED; 2-1-11 



174 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Barbanell, A. Irving, 253 Amstel Blvd., 

Arverne, L. I AM, FR; (9-8-11) 9-9-13 

Barber, Cora L., 1395 Dean, Bn A E, EH; (9-1-93) 9-1-07 

Barber, Henry G., 15 Clay Ave. E., Roselle 

Park, N. J A B, DWC; 9-12-98 

Barber. Sara M., 1395 Dean, Bn A El (Ch), RH; 10-1-06 

Barberis, Eligio G., 106 44th, Corona, L. I. A Ital, WI; 3-3-14 

Barclay, Margaret E., 210 Parkside Ave., Bn. A B, BR; (9-10-00) 2-2-14 

Barcus, Hugh H., 26 S. 14th, Flushing, L. I. A M, Stv; 9-11-16 
Bardenheuer, Clara E., 628 8th, College 

Point, L. I A Sp G, Fig; (9-1-86) 9-14-03 

Barker, M. Ellen, 637 St. Marks Ave., Bn.. A M, Girls; 9-1-89 
Barlow. William M., 302 Stanley Ave., 

Tompkinsville, S. 1 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Curtis; 2-3-13. 

(2-2-20) 

Barmeyer, George H., Bayside, L. I AC, Fig; 2-1-11 

Barnes, Edwin A., 155 Crescent, Far Rock- 
away, L. I A P (Ch Sc), FR; 9-10-06 

Barnett, I. Irving, 201 W. 112th, Mn A P Coml, WI; (2-1-04) 9-11-14 

Barnum, Grace E., 70 Morningside Dr., Mn. A PT, Ms; 2-1-00 

Baron, Joseph, 774A Lafayette Ave., Bn... A E, NU; 9-11-16 

Barras, Moses, 80 E. 111th, Mn A F, DWC; 10-4-18 

Barrett, Martha B., 32 W. 123d, Mn A H, Wdl; 12-19-01 

Barrett, Mary C, 759 E. 158th, Bx A Mu, Wdl; (10-1-02) 2-1-11 

Barron, Honora A., 414 W. 147th, Mn A Sewg & Dress Mkg, WI; (4-3-05) 

9-13-05 

Barrow, John B., 1991 Troy Ave., Bn A L, Boys; 10-16-16 

Barrows, Tessie, 207 W. 18th, Mn A Sp, Stv; 4-8-12 

Barry, Bertha B., 306 E. 180th, Bx A PT, EvC; 11-1-17 

Barry, Loretta, Park Ave. Hotel, Mn A E, WI; (9-8-05) 2-1-11 

Barry, Mary, 112 Locust, Flushing, L. I... A Mu, Fig; 2-2-20 

Barton, Rose M., 106 E. 52d, Mn A E, Wdl; 2-4-03 

Bashein, Martha S. (Mrs.), 540 W. 144th, 

Mn CI A, Ms; 10-14-18 

Bass, Bertha, 106 Morningside Dr., Mn A H, Wdl; 9-9-01 

Bassett, Elizabeth W., 70 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A H, WI; (12-1-08) 10-1-09 

Batcheler, Charles B., Chappaqua, N. Y A PT, EH; 4-1-10 

Bates, Abby B., 1421 University Ave., Bx. 1 A H (Ch), Ms; 9-12-97 (12-1900) 

Bates, Grace M., 169 Columbia Hts., Bn... A E, EH; 9-10-20 

Bates, Herbert, 11 Lake Ave., Bn 1 A E (Ch), MT; 9-13-97 (1-1-12) 

Bates, Thomas S., 940 Fox, Bx A El. Ms; 10-1-09 

Battell, John E.. 466 3d, Bn A E, EH; (10-3-04) 2-3-13 

Battey, Louis B., 36 W. 61st, Mn A MD, Stv; (11-1-09) 9-1-09 

Bauman, Ben, 41 E. Jackson Ave., Corona, 

L. I Lab A P C, Stv; 9-10-20 

Eaumeister, John, 402 Amity, Flushing, L. I. 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Fig; 912-98 

(2-8-09) 

Bavier, Margaret L., 138 W. 91st, Mn A PT, JR; (3-1-12) 11-5-17 

Bawden, Sarah E., 4 King, Jamaica, L. I... A E, Jam; (9-11-05) 2-1-19 

Baxter, Florence, 210 E. 17th, Mn. A M, WI; 9-12-10 

Baxter, Mary C, 143 W. 84th. Mn A M, HSC; 3-1-20 

Baylis, Louise, 23 W. 84th, Mn A PT, EH; (11-1-07) 2-11-13 

Beach, Jessie A., 503 W. 121st, Mn A M (Ch), WI; 2-4-00 

Beach, Mary R., 302 Convent Ave., Mn A L, Wdl; 9-11-99 

Beal, George H.. 138 W. 6Sth, Mn A L, DWC; 9-8-16 

Beam, Rachel, 536 Clinton Ave., Bn A B, Coml; 3-11-20 

Beare, Cornelia, 430 W. 119th, Mn A E, Wdl; 3-16-08 

Beard, Stella S., 8558 111th, Richmond Hill, 

L. I A E, RH; 1-1-95 

Beardsley, Frank J., 443 E. 4th, Bn A L, EH; 9-9-07 

Beatman, Augustus S., 953 Anderson Ave., 

Bx 1 A H (Ch), JR; 9-12-10 (9-7-17) 

Beaton, Augusta C, 525 W. 123d, Mn CI A, Wdl; 9-4-12 

Bebarfald, Annie, 1834 Crotona Ave., Bx. . . A FHD, GW; 9-30-20 

Bechert, Alexander O., 600 Decatur, Bn... AG, Boys; 9-5-13 
Beck, Alga M., 103 Hendricks Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A PT, Wdl; 9-S-13 

Beck, Sadie, 5617 12th Ave., Bn A H, Girls; 9-5-19 

Becker, Clarence H., 890 Putnam Ave., Bn. A H, Boys; 2-2-14 

Becker, Edith P., 322 W. 85th, Mn CI A, HSC; (6-2-19) 3-15-20 

Beckwith, Frances A., 106 E. 52d, Mn A H, Wdl; 9-12-97 

Bedell, Julia I., 512 W. 180th, Mn Lib A, Ntn; (2-10-99) 11-25-12 

Bedford. Edgar A., Cherokee Ave., Hollisj 

L- I 1 A B & Genl Sc (Ch), DWC; 

2-1-06 (1-2-17) 

Beebe, Dee, 231 Garfield PI., Bn A D, EH; 9-12-04 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 175 

Beeckman, Florence L., 141 W. 104th, Mn. A H, ED; 9-16-07 

Beemer. Edwin F., 103 E. 10th, Bn A FHD, Boys; 9-6-18 

Beer, Morris A., 945 E 163d, Mn A E, HSC; (4-1-07) 9-11-14 

Beers, Florence E, 685 Nostrand Ave., Bn. A L (Chg An), RH; 9-16-07 

Beha, Joseph L., 306 W. 93d, Mn A G, Stv; (9-8-05) 3-1-06 

Behnken, Belle (Mrs.), 470 Morntngside Dr., 

Mn A St Tp. JR; (11-1-98) 9-8-16 

Behnken, H. Emile, Hilburn and Winfield 

PI., Hollis. L. I A P, Coml; (11-1-05) 9-11-11 

Behr, Elsa, 838 Carroll, Bn A M, EH; 6-28-16 

Behr, Florence, 607 W. 136th, Mn Lib A, Girls; 2-2-20 

Behr, Minna D., 37 King, Englewood, N. J. A D, Bwk; (10-13-14) 9-8-16 

Beier, Abraham, 1562 76th, Bn A Cv, HSC; 5-3-20 

Beihoff, Belle (Mrs.), 470 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A St Tp, JR; (11-1-98) 9-8-16 

Beiler. Florence, 519 W. 121st, Mn A Sp, Boys; 10-1-17 

Beinert, John L., 27 Sterling PI., Bn A PT, EH; (11-1-05) 9-5-19 

Beisheim, William F.. 4702 11th Ave., Bn... A E, MT; (12-2-01) 9-10-20 

Beitel, Helen S., 315 W. 94th, Mn A Coml, EvC; 12-15-09 

Belding, Albert G., Winchester PI., Law- 1 A Coml (Adm), B of E; 4-11-01 

rence, L. I (2-1-10) 

Benedict, Ralph C, 322 E. 19th Bn 1 A B (Ch), Stv; 10-1-12 (9-29-19) 

Benham, Alice W., 219 W. 80th, Mn A El, WI; 9-8-16 

Benjamin, Claude T., 410 Bard Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A E, DWC; 9-19-98 

Benjamin, Edith S., 282 McDonough, Bn... A E, Bwk; 9-5-13 

Benjamin, Juliette N., 97 Bay 32nd St., Bn. A Cv, Boys; 9-10-20 

Benner, Charlotte, 149 W. 12th, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; 9-8-16 

Bennett, Eva L.. 435 W. 119th, Mn A Mu, JR; 9-11-14 

Bennett, Martha C, 423 W. 120th, Mn A H, GW; 9-11-14 

Bennett, R. Grant, 25 W. 84th, Mn A C, HSC; 9-14-03 

Bennatt, Ray, 514 W. 122d, Mn A H, Wdl; 2-3-13 

Bennett, Thelma, Hotel Theresa, 12Sth and 

7th Ave., Mn A PT, TR; (1-5-14) 11-1-17 

Bentley. Mildred K., 215 E. 15th, Mn A Coml, Haaren; 10-15-14 

Benway, Mabel R., 62 Pierrepont, Bn Adm A M, BR; 3-2-08 

Berall, Louis J., 207 W. 118th, Mn A Coml, JR; 9-11-14 

Bergamini, Rachel, 175 Claremont Ave., Mn. A E, WI; (10-17-97) 9-9-01 

Berger, William H., 339 E. 2Sth, Bn A Coml, WI; 9-14-03 

Bergman, Lillian H., 1432 University Ave., 

Bx A St Tp, Ms; 4-8-12 

Bergman, Morris L., 183 2d, Mn A M, Ms; (2-1-10) 9-9-10 

Bergoffen, Herman, Y.M.C.A., Marcey Ave. 

and S. 9th. Bn A E, MT; (10-21-01) 2-13-13 

Bergstein, Adolph, 41 St. Nicholas Ten, Mn. A Coml. WI; (1-11-04) 9-24-14 
Bergstresser, Clinton A., 156 Macon. Bn.. A M, Boys; 9-9-12 

Berk, Louis B., 52 W. 111th, Mn A E, HSC; (4-1-03) 10-1-12 

Berkowitz, Louis, 1098 E. Parkway, Bn A Sp, Bwk; 3-14-13 

Bernhard, Mabel L., 524 Lefferts Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I AH, Jam; 9-5-19 

Bernstein, Isador. 150 Westervelt Ave., N. 

Brighton, S. I APT, DWC; (3-1-10) 10-1-18 

Bernstein, Louis, 896 E. Parkway, Bn A H Boys; (9-8-16) 9-5-19 

Berry, James F., 421 W. S7th, Mn A M, DWC; 2-1-99 

Bersohn, Robert, 560 Lincoln PL, Bn A C, MT; 2-1-15 

Bertemy, Laura M. J., 4396 Park Ave., 

Bx Lib A, ED; 2-2-20 

Bertschy. Maude (Mrs.), ISO Steuben, Bn.. A D, Bwk; (11-1-04) 10-1-12 

Bessey, Mabel A., 64 Monroe, Bn 1 A E (Ch), BR; 4-1-03, (2-2-20) 

Beygrau, Frederick R., 2380 Creston Ave., 

Bx A St Tp, EvC; 11-1-12 

Bice, Hiram H., 345 W. 70th, Mn 1 A L & Gr (Ch H L), GW; 9-12-7 

(9-8-99) 

Bickmore, Frank L., 1159 Dean, Bn A Coml (Coord), Haaren; 9-12-98 

Bidstrup, Elsa, 42 Jerome. Bn APT, Bwk; (1-5-14) 11-1-17 

Bieber, Regina, 119 W. 119th, Mn CI A, HSC; S-23-19 

Biggs, James A., Mahwah, N. J A E, DWC; 10-5-14 

Bildersee, Isaac, 94 Lawrence, Bn A E, DWC; (11-1-05) 11-1-20 

Billingham, Frank L., 208 8th Ave., Bn A Art Metal Wk, MT; 10-1-14 

Bingham. Nellie Holmes, 152 E. 22d, Mn.. A M, Bry; 2-1-15 

Birnbaum, Simon, 414 E. 169th, Bx AC, EvC; 9-11-14 

Bishop, Merle L., 279 McDonough, Bn 1AM (Ch), Boys; 2-1-06 (1-2-17) 

Black, Dorothy A. (Mrs.), 63 N. Walnut, 

E. Orange, N. J A Acct & Bus Pr, WI; 2-17-19 

Black, Edna A., 129 E. 10th, Mn A D, BR; (1-5-14) 9-10-20 

Blackwell, Nannie G., 27 W. 11th, Mn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch F), WI; 9-1-98 

(2-1-10) 



176 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Blair, Edith, 581 Lexington Ave., Mn A Sp. WI; 9-8-16 

Blair, Elizabeth E., 160 Claremont Ave., Mn. A Mu, Wdl; (12-1-89) 9-11-05 
Blakely, Gilbert S., 2207 University Ave., 

Bx P EvC; 9-12-97 (2-8-09) (9-3-13) 

Blanchard, D. Hiram, 170 Brooklyn Ave., 

Bn AM, Boys; 9-9-01 

Blankenhorn, Fannie C. (Mrs.), 73 Hanover, 

Elmhurst, L. I A St Tp, Ntn; 3-16-14 

Blanpied, Ethel O., 74 Central Ave., N. 

Brighton, S. I A G, Curtis; 9-10-06 

Blauvelt, William H., 3001 Briggs Ave., Bx. A E, EvC; 2-2-20 

Blenker, Anna C, 405 W. 118th, Mn A D, Wdl; 9-13-97 

Bliss, Ralph P., 2312 Ave. Q, Bn A M (Ch), Coml; 2-1-04 

Blodget, Bertha 266 83d, Bn A Sp, BR; 4-1-19 

Blodnick, Morris, 580 Marcy Ave., Bn A St Tp, Bwk; (11-1-16) 9-10-20 

Blohm, Albert, 244 S. Broadway, Yonkers, 

N. Y A E, HSC; 2-1-lS 

Bloom, Isidore, 719 W 180, Mn A PT, MT; 3-1-10 

Blue, Thomas G., 75 W. 94th, Mn A C, Stv; 2-2-20 

Bluestone, Ethel, 144 W. 13th, Mn CI A, Stv; (6-2-19) 10-1-19 

Blum, Gustav, 60 Northern Ave., Bx A El, Stv; (11-1-09) ll-S-17 

Blum, Vivienne H., 315 W. 94th, Mn A F, WI; (11-1-10) 2-2-14 

Blumenberg, Frieda, 34 Jefferson Ave., Bn.. A Coml, ED; (9-8-02) 10-1-08 
Blumenkrantz, Adolph, 174 Woodruff Ave., 

Bn AD, DWC; (9-14-03) 9-8-16 

Blume, Julius, 61 Jefferson Blvd., Annadale, 

S. I. ..." AG, HSC; (9-8-05) 9-9-10 

Boardman, Margarita, 126 E. 60th, Mn Lib A, Stv; 9-5-19 

Bodler, Sophia L., 1515 Mott Ave., Far 

Rockaway, L. I A Sp G (Ch Mod Lang) FR; 9-11-16 

Boecker, Alexander, 907 Union, Bn A Wood Wkg, MT; (12-7-98) 9-11-05 

Boehm, Sadie, 215 W. 98th, Mn CI A, Stv; 4-4-20 

Bogart, Elmer E., 227 S. Columbus Ave., 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y P, Ms; 2-1-06 (1-2-17) (1-22-19) 

Bogart, Sarah H., 2230 University Ave., Bx. A L, Ms; (3-11-01) 2-2-03 

Bogle, Winifred, 2226 Loring PI., Bx AG, EvC; 2-16-14 

Boland, Joseph, 304 Halsey, Bn A E, Coml; 12-4-18 

Bole, John A., 194 S. 9th. Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Bwk; 9-8-02 

(2-8-09) 

Bolger, Edwin A., 426 Kosciusko, Bn 1 A St Tp (Ch), Coml; (11-15-00) 

4-1-02 (6-1-14) 
Bond, Raymond T., 244 Stoothoff Ave., 

Richmond Hill, L. I A E, RH; 6-28-16 

Bonney, Louise E., Oneida, N. Y A E, WI, 6-28-16 

Book, Arthur E., 12 Euclid, Forest Hills, 

L.I Adm A. Coml, Ntn; 2-1-10 

Boole, Florence A., 525 5th, Bn A E, MT; (11-1-07) 12-1-09 

Booth, Frederic M., 230 St. James PL, Bn. A Coml, Coml; 2-1-11 

Booth, Mary S., 140 Claremont Ave., Mn.. A D, WI (2-5-06) 2-1-11 

Borges, Remedios C, 544 W. I57th, Mn... A Sp, JR 2-16-20 

Borklund, C. Arthur, 242 E. 202d, Bx A E, JR; (12-1-04) 9-6-18 

Bose, Henry P., 909 Green Ave., Bn A G, Jam; 6-28-16 

Boughton, Willis, 364 E. 21st, Bn A E, EH; 2-1-99 

Bouvard, Germaine P. M., 544 W. 149th, Mn.. . A F, WI; (11-1-09) 9-11-11 

Bov6, Anthony J., 307 Grant Ave., Bn A Sp, Coml; 2-1-15 

Bowie, Arthur, 1722 Caton Ave A E, Boys; (11-1-10) 2-1-21 

Bowles, Frank C, Ramsey, N. J AM, HSC; 9-5-13 

Bowman, Cora M., 151 W. lOSth, Mn A M, Wdl; 4-1-00 

Bowman, Leon C, 317 S. 5th Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N, Y AM, EvC; 9-5-19 

Bowman, Nina, 527 W. 121st, Mn A L, EvC; 11-1-07 

Boxold, Agnes, 1924 E 17, Bn A E, EH; 11-1-20 

Boyd, Martha J., 509 W. 121st, Mn A F, JR; 9-11-14 

Boyd, Maurice C, Bloomfield, N. J AD, Boys; 1-4-04 

Boylan. Arthur A., 976 Anderson Ave., Bx. P, GW; (1-4-04) 2-1-11 (11-1-15) 

(3-16-20) 

Boylan, Frank, 2 St. Nicholas PL, Mn A El, DWC; (9-7-06) 5-1-18 

Boyle, Isabel, 1410 Beverly Rd, Bn A H, EH; (11-1-07) 2-1-21 

Boynton, Carolyn A., 33 W. 51st, Mn A E, Fig; 9-9-10 

Boynton, George E., 304 E. 18th, Bn 1 A H (Ch), EH; 9-13-97 

Brace, Charles T., 530 Chestnut, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A Science, Bwk; 9-1-94 

Brace, Edith M., 353 Jefferson Ave., Bn... A B, ED; 10-12-08 

Brackett, Mary M., 780 Riverside Dr., Mn. CI A, Wdl; 2-1-00 

Bradburn, Grace, 325 Jay, Bn A St Tp, EH; (12-1-10) 2-2-20 



Alphabetical list of teachers vii 

Bradford, Emilia F. (Mrs.), 4407 4th Ave., 

Bn A Sp L, NU; (2-1-06) 5-10-17 

Bradley, Frederick E., Silverton Ave., Wan- 

tagh, L, I A Coml, Coml; 9-11-14 

Bradley, Susan M., S3 Union Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A E, Jam; S-8-11 

Brady, Anna F. (Mrs.), 560 W. 192d. Mn.. CI A, DWC; 2-2-14 

Brady, Helen E., 1404 Pacific, Bn A E, BR; 9-11-16 

Bradshaw. Wilmar H., 110 Shelton Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A PT, Stv; (2-3-13) 2-4-20 

Braman, Mary L., 514 5th, Bn A B, MT; 1-4-04 

Brand, Josephine, 505 W. 142d, Mn A M, EvC; (2-8-09) 11-3-13 

Brand, Louis, 2261 Bathgate Ave., Bx A St Tp, GW; 5-1-11 

Brandeis, Clara, 60 W. 129th, Mn A Sp, GW; (11-15-88) 2-1-19 

Branower, Solomon, 1815 7th Ave., Mn A P, ED; (12-1-02) 2-2-14 

Branson, J. Hood, 2351 Grand Concourse, 

Bx AC, EvC; 6-28-16 

Branson, Roswell H., Dobbs Ferry, N. Y. . A L, EvC; 11-3-13 

Brauman, Rebecca, 630 E. 170th, Bx A H, JR; 11-1-20 

Breckenridge, William E., 21 Sycamore Ave., 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y 1AM (Ch), Stv; 9-17-99 (1-1-07) 

Breiling, Ralph, 15 Argyle Rd., Bn A MD, Stv; (10-1-14) 11-1-20 

Brennan, Alfred T. V., 106E 81st, Mn A Ec, HSC; (4-6-98) 2-1-10 

Brennan, Francis E., Ill Flushing Ave., 

Jamaica. L. I A PT, Coml; 2-13-19 

Brenner, Charlotte, 1502 Bushwick Ave.. Bn. A St Tp, Wl; 6-28-16 

Bresel, Jennie K., 965 Whitlock Ave., Bx.. A M, TR; 10-1-14 
Bressler, Helen B., 158 2d Ave., L. I. City, 

L. I A Sewg & Dressmkg ( Adm) , WI ; 

2-1-11 

Brevoort, Carson, 161 Henry, Bn Lib A, Coml; 4-1-19 

Brewer, Francis E., 41 Hamilton Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A F L (Chg An), Curtis; 11-2-98 

Brickelmaier, Alice G., 639 Carleton Ave., 

Bn A M, EH; 9-10-01 

Bricker, Harry C, 156 Vernon Ave., Bn A E, DWC; 10-1-17 

Bridgeman, William C, 249 Gates Ave., Bn. A Mu HSC; 4-4-20 

Bridgman, Anne T., 320 W. 83d, Mn A H, Ms; 2-8-09 

Briggs, Emily E., 253A Brooklyn Ave., Bn. A L, Girls; 12-2-01 

Briggs, Eva E., 92 Gates Ave., Bn A M, Bwk; 9-14-08 

Bright, Robert A. 6 Church, Paterson, N. J. A C. Stv; 9-14-08 

Briley, Elsie N., 1130 Bergen, Bn A El, BR; 2-1-15 

Britton, Josephine, 284 Lafayette Ave., Bn. A E, Bwk; 10-29-14 

Broadhurst, Philip H., 169 Stratford Rd., Bn. A C, DWC; (3-2-03) 2-2-10 

Brockman, May E., 619 E. 127th, Mn A Cooking (Chg An), JR; (3-1-04) 

12-4-11 

Brodoski, Alexander, 127 Sutter Ave., Bn. A P, Bwk; 6-28-16 

Brody, Alexander, 84 W. 113th, Mn A St Tp, DWC; (9-7-06) 4-9-17 

Brooks, Lea L. (Mrs.), Croton-on-Hudson, 

N. Y A F, FR; 9-9-12 

Brooks, Mabel F.. 40 Morningside Ave., Bx. A E, TR; 11-17-13 
Broomall, Laura B., 1123 Bayport PL, Far 

Rockaway, L. I A B, FR; 12-4-11 

Brower, Jane, 1475 Jefferson Ave., Bn Lib A. Bwk; 9-5-13 

Brown, Adelaide W., 22 Monroe, Bn A E, Jam; (9-13-97) 9-1000 

Brown, Adelaide P. (Mrs.), 115 Ithaca. 

Elmhurst, L. I AH, Ntn; 11-14-18 

Brown, Albert M., 966 St. Marks Ave., Bn. A B, Coml; 2-1-lS 
Brown, Charles G., 9127 Hollis Ct. Blvd., 

Jamaica, L. I AM, Jam; 9-5-13 

Brown, Ethel E., 510 Gardens Apt., Forest 

Hills. L. I AG, RH; 9-11-14 

Brown, G. Victor, 428 Monroe, Bn A E, Coml; (11-3-19) 2-2-20 

Brown, Herman. 1121 West Farms Rd., Bx. A PT, ED; 5-3-20 
Brown, Leon A., 25 Clinton Ave., Ossin- 

ing, N. Y A P, Stv; 9-26-18 

Brown, LuNette M. (Mrs.), 385 Clinton 

Ave., Bn A PT, Bwk; 11-208 

Brown, Merton A., 202 79th, Bn A Physiog, MT; (12-1-03) 2-3-13 

Browne. Frances E., 446 Ocean Ave., Bn.. A F, EH; 2-8-09 

Browne. Mabel E., 1539 .Pacific, Bn A M, MT; 6-28-16 

Brownell, George E.. 215 67th, Bn A Coml, NU; (4-20-08) 2-1-18 

Brownlee, Raymond B., Woodmere, L. I A P (Ch), Stv; 12-2-01 

Brownrigg, Jeanette S. (Mrs.), 688 Putnam 

Ave.. Bn Cler A. Coml; (9-9-01) 11-15-17 

Bruce. G. Garden, 102 Garfield PL, Bn A Joinery, Bwk; (10-2-11) 3-2.S-15 

Bruce, Murray, 615 52d, Bn Adm A E, Stv; 1-2-07 



178 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Bruce, Walter A., 2168 7th Ave., Bx A St Tp, EvC, 9-12-10 

Bruckman, Louisa, 209 W. 97th, Mn 1 A B (Ch) BR; (10-13-92) 11-3-02 

(4-8-12) 

Bruere, Alice H., 507 Madison Ave., Mn. . A P, Wdl; 9-30-01 

Bruggeman, Josephine, 217 W. 68th, Mn Lab A B, DWC; 2-17-19 

Brummer, Sidney D., 1356 Madison Ave., 

Mn 1 A H Boys; (2-1-00) 3-2-08 (2-5-17) 

Erun, Blanche (Mrs.), 600 W. 183d, Mn.. A F, Ms; (11-3-02) 9-5-13 

Brundage, Howard, 226 Seeley, Bn A Joinery, MT; 9-5-13 

Brundage. Milton B., 2240 84tli, Bn A P, Stv; 10-1-09 

Bruning, Emilie E., 317 73d, Bn A Sp. BR; 10-1-17 

Bryan, Alfred C, 416 Clermont Ave., Bn.. 1 A H & Cv (Ch), HSC; 2-6-OS 

(1-1-12) 

Bryan, Elizabeth M., 29 E. 29th, Mn A E, WI; 6-28-16 

Bryan, Jennie B., 556 Halsey, Bn A Cv, Boys; (9-9-01) 2-1-21 

Bryan, Mary M., Armour Ville Pk., Bronx- 

ville, N. Y A Physiog, EvC; 6-28-16 

Bryant, Arthur A., 120 Convent Ave., Mn. 1 A Classical. Lang (Ch), DWC; 

4-1-09 (6-1-14) 
Bryant, Elizabeth E., 145 Prospect Pk. W., 

Bn A L, MT; 9-14-03 

Bryant, Frank L., 466 E. 17th, Bn A Physiog, EH; 9-12-98 

Bryant, Emma B., 16 Bayley Ave., Yon- 

kers, N. Y A F (Ch), Ms; 10-10-07 

Bryant, Grace, Woodside Ave., Woodside, 

L. I CI A, Ntn; 2-6-11 

Bryant, Helen W., 272 Lewis Ave., Bn A E (Ch), G Coml; 6-28-16 

Buchbinder, Anton, 1005 E. Parkway. Bn.. A MD, Coml; (11-3-04) 11-3-19 

Buchsbaum, Nellie E., 777 E. 179th. Bx AM, HSC; (9-5-13) 12-2-18 

Buck, Helen I.. 62 Wall, N. Brighton, S. I. A Sp, WI; 2-3-19 

Buckley, Florence R, 34 Jefferson Ave., Bn.. A Coml, ED; 10-15-14 

Bucksey, Addie M., 31 Ormond PL, Bn A Ace & Bus Pr, GComl; 9-10-20 

Bugbee, Harriett C, 400 W. 118th, Mn A M, Wdl; 9-10-00 

Bunnekamp, William E, 143 Phelps Ave., 

Englewood, N. J. A E, Stv; 3-15-20 

Bunning, Edward, 1400 University Ave., Bx. A St Tp, TR; (11-1-06) 9-11-16 

Burchard, Anna T., 405 W. 118th, Mn.... A M Wdl; 3-3-02 
Burdick, Mabel G., 35 Harrison, Stapleton, 

S. I AM, Curtis; 10-1-09 

Burlingham, Gertrude S., 556 Lafayette 

Ave., Bn ... A B, ED; 9-14-08 

Burn, Alice M., 469 Washington Ave., Bn.. AD (Ch), ED; (2-8-93) 9-10-00 

Burns, Jerome F., 1649 Tapping Ave., — . , A Ec, DWC; 2-1-21 
Burnham, R. Wesley, 1801 Dorchester Rd., ,, ,,nn /nooAN 

Bn. P Haaren; 11-13-99 (9-8-20) 

Burrage, MyVa" A., 94 Brooklyn Ave., Bn.. A F G, RH; 9-8-13 

Burritt, Alice R. (Mrs.), 449 E. 123d, Mn. . A E. Wdl: 9-8-02 ,„^_ 

Burrows. Helen J., 507 W. 112th, Mn A K Curtis; (2-2-14) 10-2-16 

Burt, Clara M., 1 W. 127th, Mn A C P, Ms, 9-11-99 

Busbee, Christiana, 43 Union Pk. Ave., . ,, ., r,,^,n 

Jamaica, L I AM, Jam; 9-9-10 

Busch, Ella' A.,' 2940 Broadway, Mn A Sp, G HSC; 9-9-10 

Bush, Mary F., 342 E. 17th, Mn CI A, WI; 11-3-13 

Bushong, Alice M., 442 9th. Bn AG, FR; 9-5-13 

Buskm, Nathan E., 1236 Grand Concourse, ^ ^^ ^^^^ ^^^_^^^ ^^^^ 

Butler.'EveiyA'M."," Vol" W. 127th, Mn A PT, Ms; (12-1-03) 9-9-10 

Butler, Alice S., 549 E. 86th, Mn A E, TR; 6-28-16 

Buttner, Frieda, 985 Aldus St.. Bx A G, WI; (10-5-99) 2-5-03 

Buttrick, Harold E., 1258 President, Bn... P HSC; 1-2-96 (10-22-20) 

Byrne, Margaret C, 338 Decatur, Bn AM, Bry; (11-1-05) 9-28-00 

Byrne, Reuben M., 1024 Boston Rd., Bx. . . A Sp, DWC; 9-8-16 

Byrnes, Esther F., 193 Jefferson Ave.. Bn.. A Physiol. Girls; 1-31-98 

Byron, Belen L. (Mrs.). 186 Hancock, Bn. A So, RH: 10-1-19 

Byron, Lillian V., 306 Haven Ave., Ex.... CI A, EvC; 2-2-20 

Byron, Thomas W., 306 Haven Ave., Bx... A St Tp, HSC; 9-4-12 

c 

Cady, Henry D., 39 Linden, Bn A Mech Shop Prac, Bwk; 9-8-16 

Cahill, John, 671 Decatur, Bn AM, Boys ; 9-10-20 

Cahill, John P., 51 Clark, Bn A Coml (Ch), NU; 2-1-06 

Cahill, Margaret, 316 W. 84th, Mn A E, Wdl; 9-12-98 ,o , , qs 

Cahill Mary F.. 2 Beekman PL, Mn 1 A St Tp (Ch), JR; S-4-12 (9-5-19) 

Cahill Rose H., 989 Sterling PL, Bn 1 A H (Ch), Girls; 9-16-91 (3-1-10) 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 



179 



Cairns, Alexander, 150 4th. Woodside, L. I. A PT, DWC; 9-1 114 

Caldwell, Ruth E., 716 Union Ave., Bx A Cv, Ms; 2-2-20 

Callanan. Thomas J., 513 Throop Ave., Bn.. A Coml, Coml; 2-1-94 

Cambcrn, J. Raymond, 1142 Pacific. Bn A E, MT; (11-1-04) 10-1-12 

Cameron, Alix S., 34 Wellington Ct.. Bn.. AD (Ch), EH; 11-1-10 

Cameron, Margaret V., 260 Cumberland, Bn A Sp, EH; 9-6-18 

Cameron, Walter S., 2625 Grand Ave., Bx.. A B, Wdl; 2-8-09 

Campbell, Calvin V., 302 Brooklyn Ave., Bn. A E. Coml; (11-1-07) 3-2-08 

Campbell, Daniel R., 1010 Tremont Ave., Bx. A P, Stv; 10-1-20 
Campbell. Harold G., 257 Madison Ave., 

Flushing, L. I P, Fig; (11-2-03) 9-9-10 (9-8-20) 

Campbell, Joseph A.. 923 Putnam, Bn A Mu, ED; (4-1-89) 3-3-02 

Campbell, Ralph, 700 W. 179th, Mn A G, DWC; 9-12-04 

Candee, Benjamin K., 705 Crotona Pk., Bx. A Coml, HSC; (4-1-07) 9-1-14 

Cann, Bertha, 90 Downing. Bn A E, Girls; 9-9-07 

Caplan Elias N., 179 Hancock, Bn 1 A E (Ch), FR; (2-1-00) 2-506 

(11-3-19) 

Carey, Alice M., 196 Edgecomb Ave., Mn.. A H, Ms; (9-8-05) 9-9-10 

Carey, Charles H., 300 Parkside Ave., Bn.. 1 A PT (Ch), Coml; 4-2-06 

Carey, Margaret E., 21 State. Flushing, L. I. A Coml, Fig; 9-14-08 

Carleton, Elizabeth G., 854 W. 180th. Mn... A F, Ms; 9-10-20 

Carleton, Guy M., 50 Vanderbilt Ave., Mn. A E, HSC; 2-1-06 

Carll, L. Adele, 105 Morningside Dr., Mn A El, Bry; 12-1-09 

Carlson, Carl O., 789 E. 166th. Mn A M, DWC; (1-4-98) 3-15-20 

Carnahan, C. Grace. 564 Riverside Dr., Mn. A Sp (Ch), Ms; 9-12-18 

Caron, Emma C, 16 W. 70th, Mn A Mu (Ch), WI; 9-11-14 

Carpenter, Anna E., 161 Emerson PL, Bn.. A D, WI; (3-1-04) 9-11-14 
Carpenter, Laura E., 103 Morningside Ave.. 

Mn A (Co-ord), Coml, Haaren; (5-21-95) 

9-11-16 

Carpentier, Marius, 602 Madison, Bn A F, Boys; (11-2-03) 4-8-12 

Carr, Agnes, Post Rd., White Plains, N. Y. A L, Ms; 4-23-00 

Carrel, M. Louis, 569 W. 159, Mn A F, Coml; 2-1-15 

Carroll, Arthur T., 442 Bainbridge, Bn A PT, Boys; 9-5-19 

Carroll. Ethel M. (Mrs.), 9 Grant Ave., 

White Plains, N. Y A PT, EvC; 5-3-20 

Carson, Clara Louise. 81 Ludlow, Yonkers, 

N. Y A Cv, Wdl; 10-1-19 

Carter, Bertha, 287 Jamaica Ave., L. I. City A B (Ch), Bry; (9-1-96) 4-1-00 

Carter, Effie A., 211 Clinton, Bn A P, Girls; 2-1-07 

Caryl, Ethel E.. 419 W. 119th, Mn A St Tp, TR; 9-8-16 

Case, Florence L., 5 Adams, Port Washing- 
ton, L. I A L, Fig; 11-3-13 

Casey, Ellen R., 149 Queens Blvd., Elm- 
hurst, L. I AD, Bwk; 2-2-20 

Cashen, Anna D., Ill Elm, New Rochelle, 

N. Y A Ec, TR; (9-11-05) 9-5-19 

Cashman. Joseph F., 35 Lakeside Dr., Rock- 

ville Center, L. I A E, EH; (3-26-01)9-10-06 

Cass, Harry, 53 W. 117th, Mn A FHD. Coml; 9-30-20 

Cassel, Theresa, 610 W. 113th. Mn A Sp, TR; 9-11-14 

Cassett, Edith, 508 W. 114, Mn Lab A PC, BR; (9-5-13) 4-1-21 

Castro, Fausta Negri (Mrs.), 33 Bank, 

Mn A F. WI; 6-28-16 

Caswell, Leon A., 7 Toledo, Elmhurst, L. I. A Cv, Ntn; (2-2-01) 2-2-20 

Cattell, James E.. 212 W. 80th, Mn A B, Coml; 9-10-20 

Catren, Ida M., 163 6th Ave., Bn A St Tp, BR; 9-9-01 

Cauvet, William H., 20 Cloverhill PI., Mont- 

clair, N. J A Pattern Mkg, MT; (3-4-11) 3-3-19 

Cavalier, Emilie M. (Mrs.), 13 E. 124th, 

Mn A F. Wdl; (5-18-96) 2-2-03 

Cawley, Charles A., 1019 Trinity Ave., Bx. A St Tp, BR; (9-11-16) 2-2-20 

Center, Stella S., 434 W. 120th, Mn A E, JR; 9-11-14 

Cerow, Georgia A., 2578 Bedford Ave., Bn. A M, EH; 6-28-16 

Cetron, Celia, 168 Pulaski, Bn CI A, Boys; 11-18-18 

Chamberlain, Raymond, 316 Knickerbocker 

Ave., Paterson, N. J A P, DWC; (10-19-03) 2-1-10 

Chamberlain, Sophie T. (Mrs.) A F, DWC; 2-2-20 

Chankin, Victor, 1050 Hoe Ave., Bx A F, DWC; 6-28-16 

Chapin, Abby F. (Mrs.), 232 W. 14th, Mn. A E. RH; 9-9-10 
Chapin, Henry E., 49 Lefferts Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A B, Physiog Physiol, RH; 2-1-00 

Chapin, Jennie E., 37 Briggs Ave., Richmond 

Hill, L. I A PT (Ch), RH; 9-10-06 

Chapman, Frances E., 234 Amity, Flush- 
ing, L. I AH, Fig; 2-17-01 



180 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Charles, John F., 347 Manhattan Ave.. Mn. CI A, Buck; 11-1-20 

Chater, Ellen Mc R. D., 106 E. S2, Mn AE, JR; 3-11-09 

Chatfield, William A., Millington, N. J AD, Stv; (1-4-97) 9-9-10 

Chatterton, Minnie E., 85 Pierrepont, Bn.. A M, Girls; 4-1-07 

Cheitman, Philip, 201 E. 109th, Mn A Sp, EvC; 10-1-19 

Cheney, Jeanette N. (Mrs.), 104 W. Lin- 
coln Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y 1 A FA (Ch), WI; (2-1-04) 

12-1-09 (10-1-19) 

Cheney, Thomas C, 229 W. 101st, Mn A M, Stv; 2-1-10 

Cherington, Frank B., 222 W. 23d, Mn A E, HSC; 9-6-18 

Chesley, Mabel L., 446 Ocean Ave., Bn A E, EH; 9-10-06 

Chestnut, D. Howard, 4707 Bay Pkway,, Bn. A St Tp, Coml; 2-23-09 
Cheston, Henry C, 89 Bruce Ave., Yonkers, 

N. Y 1 A P & Physlog (Ch P), HSC; 

^, . , . ^, 9-10-00 (9-1-05) 

Chickenng, Edward C, 76 Herriman Ave., 

Jamaica, L. 1 1 A L & Gr (Ch), Jam; (9-1-9S) 

9-1-07 

Chilcott, Cho M., 27 W. 11th, Mn A F, WI; 2-4-13 

Child. Andrew M., 11640 Frost Ave. S. 

Ozone Pic, L. I A L, Boys; 2-1-15 

Childs, Lelia M., 1112 Dean, Bn A M. Coml; 9-14-08 

Choffin, Irene M., 2889 Bainbrid<re Ave., Bx. A E, Ms; 9-10-20 

Christianson, Addie O., 288 Clinton, Bn A E, JR; (3-16-98) 9-8-16 

Churchill, Martha B., 611 W. 11th, Mn A L, Wdl; 9-10-00 

Christopher, Katharine M., 215 E. 15th, Mn. Lib A, JR; 2-1-15 

Clabault. Gwendolin, 352 W. llSth, Mn A Cv, JR; 11-3-19 

Claffy, Catharine, 245 Carroll, Bn A Sewing & Dress Mkg, WI; 

(2-3-05) 2-3-15 

Clark, A. Mortimer, 1530 E. 17th, Bn A E, Boys; (11-1-04) 9-11-16 

Clark, Agnes E., 90 E. 18th, Bn A E Boys; (10-4-06) 3-15-20 

Clark, Helen A., 206 McDonough, Bn A PT. Bwk; (12-17-17) 5-3-20 

Clark, Henry F.. 115 Simonson Ave., Staple- 

_ ton. S. I A CP, Curtis; 2-10-03 

Clark, Jennie M., 509 W. 121st, Mu A M, Stv; 11-1-20 

Clark, John A., 811 Ocean Ave., Bn 1 A PhSc (Ch P & C), Coml; 

4-18-04 (1-1-12) 

Clark, John P., 66 St. Marks Ave., Bn A M. Stv; 12-15-09 

Clark, Naomi S. F. (Mrs.), 203 W. 103d, 

Mn A Coml, JR; (10-2-93) 2-17-19 

Clark, Randolph F., 195 Christie Hts 

Leonia, N. J A M (Ch), DWC; 9-12-10 

Clarke, Eleanor ,P., 243 Sanford Ave., Flush- 
ing, L. I A L, JR; 9-1-98 

Clarke, Harold A., 56 W. SOth, Mn A E, DWC; 2-1-15 

Clarke, Helen M., 504 W. 112th, Mn A M, Ms; 9-8-02 

Clarke, James J., 442 74th, Bn A E, Boys; (2-1-06) 9-10-20 

Clarke, Madge S., 64 Montague, Bn A E, ED; 2-1-00 

Clarke, Teresa A., 891 Fresh Pond Rd., Bn. CI A, Girls; 3-13-13 

Clarke, William A., 357 E. 137th, Bx A Sp, Ms; 9-10-20 

Clary, Margaret E., 44 Hardenbrook Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A FHD, Jam ; 2-2-20 

Clauder, Fannie N. (Mrs.), 669 Putnam 

Ave., Bn A St Tp, JR; 3-1-17 

Clegg, Ambrose A., 181 Dennis Ave., Bn.. A. C, RH; 2-1-21 

Clement, Fannie M., 261 Greene Ave., Bn.. A St Tp, Bwk; 9-11-14 
Clendenin, William W., 120 Vista PI., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A Physiog (Ch), Wdl; 9-10-00 

Chnton, Fanny L., 427 Nostrand Ave., Bn. A E, Girls; 9-14-03 
Close, Maud M., 54 Wall, New Brighton, 

^ S. I A E, Curtis; (10-1-02) 9-14-08 

Clough, Harvey B., 489 Myrtle Ave., Flush- 

^, ing, L. I A B, HSC; 3-4-12 

Clough, Jessie L., 1947 Broadway, Mn A D (Ch), RH; (5-4-03) 10-2-05 

Coan, Charles W., 625 Westminster Rd., Bn. A MD, MT; 3-2-08 
Cochran. Thomas, The Court, Rochelle Pk., 

New Rochelle, N. Y AM, Stv; 9-11-99 

Coffin, Isabelle P., 116 Garfield PI., Bn A E, BR; 9-9-12 

Cohen, A. Broderick, 41 Clarkson, Bn lA Mod Lang (Ch), ED; (1-2-07) 

2-1-07 (2-5-17) 

Cohen, Bertha, 5205 3d Ave., Bn A M. Bwk; (3-1-11) 4-8-12 

Cohen, Frances, 92 Woodruff Ave., Bn CI A, MT; (11-1-17) 4-1-19 

Cohen, Helen L., 38 W. 93d, Mn 1 A E (Ch), WI; 2-1-04 (6-1-14) 

Cohen, Henry, 4 E. 119th, Mn A St Tp, HSC; (4-1-08) 2-16-20 

Cohen, Henry, Findlay Ave., Bx A Mach Shop, Bry; (11-1-09) 

9-13-17 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 181 

Cohen, Jacob, 5302 6th Ave., Bn AM, NU; 6-28-16 

Cohen, Jacob, 289 Wyona, Bn A PT, Bwk; 2-1-18 

Cohen, James. 345 E. ISth, Mn A D, Stv; 9-8-16 

Cohen, Joseph, 194 Lee Ave., Bn A E. Bwk; (2-8-09) 9-8-16 

Cohen, Louis R., 1049 Grand Concourse, Bx. A St Tp, JR; (12-4-05) 6-28-16 

Cohen, Morris, 118 43d, Bn AM, MT; (1-2-07) 9-9-10 

Cohen, Morris, 292 E. 7th, Mn A M, Stv; 3-15-20 

Cohen, Samuel, 105 E. 192d. Mn A Com!, TR; (12-1-03) 

12-18-11 

Cohen, Theodore, 1160 Bryant Ave., Bx... A C, Ms; 2-3-13 

Cohn. Harry M., 2045 Belmont Ave.. Bx... A PT, EvC; 9-15-10 (9-11-16) 
Coleman, Cora L., 836 Tappen Rd., Ann 

Arbor, Mich A Sp, EH; 9-10-20 

Coleman, David F., 158 Johnson Ave., Tot- , „ 

tenville, S. I. AC, Stv; 2-3-13 (6-28-16) 

Colin, Paula V., 726 Union Ave., Bx A Cv, WI; (11-25-18) 4-5-20 

CoUa, Clara, 620 W. 149th, Mn A F, Ms; 6-28-16 

Collier, Katharine B., 282 DeKalb Ave.. Bn. A E, Bwk; 9-11-11 

Colligan, Eugene A., 531 Ocean View Ave., 1 A H (Ch Cv), ED; (2-1-10) 

Woodhaven, L. 1 9-9-12 (2-2-20) 

Collins, Albert E., 25 Merritt, Corona, L. I. A PT, Stv; (9-6-12) 10-1-17 
Collins, John A. C, 14 Cleveland, Tomp- 

kinsville, S. I CI A, HSC; 11-1-05 

Collins, Helen P.. 29 Convent Ave., Mn A Sp, JR; 9-10-20 

Collins, M. Rose, 63 W. 87th. Mn A D, GW; (10-6-98) 9-8-16 

Colon, Galevel Torres, 128 W. 142d, Mn... A Sp, Coml; 2-4-18 

Colon, Maria E.. 248 Audubon Ave., Mn.. A Sp, JR; 2-1-21 

Colony, M. Elizabeth, 14 Parkside Ct., Bn.. A PT, MT; (9-14-03) 9-11-05 

Colsten, Albert L., 1556 73d, Bn 1 A M (Adm) (Ch), MT; 9-1403 

(9-7-10) 

Coltiletti, Mary, 105 E. 116th, Mn A St Tp ED; (4-3-11) 3-1-20 

Coman, Caroline. 170 W. 123d, Mn A M, Wdl; 9-8-02 

Combs, Adelaide M. W., 55 Bay 20, Bn AD, BR; (12-1-84) 2-18-01 

Conant, Fred R.. 301 E. 68th. Mn A E, Coml; 9-11-11 

Conant, M. Sybil, 92 Gates Ave., Bn A St Tp, Bwk; 10-2-11 

Conant, Octavia M., 252 75th, Bn CI A, BR; 2-1-15 

Conkiin, Agnes M., 428 6th. Bn A E, GComl; 9-10-20 

Conley, William E., 1286 Jefferson Ave., Bn. A B, MT; 9-19-10 

Conn, Charles, 551 W. 174th, Mn A St Tp, Ms; (5-1-08) 9-12-18 

Connell, J. Wesley, 2023 Caton Ave., Bn... A L, EH; 9-9-07 
Connelly, Douglas L., 110 Cladwin Ave., 

Leonia, N. J A P. JR; (3-11-01) 9-1-15 

Connelly, Eulalia M., 135 Hewes, Bn A Coml, Girls; (4-11-96) 9-8-16 

Connor. Edith B., 594 Park PI., Bn CI A, Bwk; 4-8-12 

Consalus, Frances H., 537 W. 121st, Mn A Sewing, WI; (9-10-06) 9-9-12 

Constant. Ruth (Mrs.), 621 W. 135th, Mn.. CI A, Stv; 4-1-19 

Constantine, Harriet L., 517 E. 77th, Mn.. A L, Ms; 9-11-99 

Conway, Catharine, 201 W. 108th, Mn A Mu, GW; (11-1-07) 2-1-18 

Conway, John J., 594 Eagle Ave., Bx A Cv, Ms; (1-6-97) lM-20 

Conway, Joseph, 1121 Bedford Ave., Bn... A L, Boys; 10-2-16 

Conwav. Richard, 207 W. 142nd, Mn A L, DWC; 9-11-16 

Cook, Charles G., 227A Monroe, Bn , AC, Boys; 3-24-99 

Cook, William T., 10 Sherman Ave., Bx A PT, DWC; 2-1-15 

Cooley, George E., 14 Irving PL, Mn 1 A PT (Ch), Stv; 2-1-10 (2-2-20) 

Cooley. Helen W., 195 Clermont Ave., Mn. A M, MT; 6-28-16 

Cnon, Clifford H., 1032 Mansfield PI., Bn . . Adm A P, Coml; 9-9-01 

Cooney, Genevieve, 514 W. 114th, Mn A El, RH; 9-10-20 

Cooper, Irma J., 221 E. Parkway, Bn A H, Girls; 9-5-19 

Cooperman, Henry, 1264 Lexington Ave., 

Mn A FHD, HSC; (3-1-07) 10-1 1-20 

Copeland, George, Lawrence, L. I A PT, Jam; S-3-20 

Copeland, Lillian S., 508 W. 114th. Mn... A El, DWC; 2-3-13 

Corbett. Joseph S., 940 E. 174th, Bx AM, Stv; 9-11-11 

Corcilius, Inez A L, Curtis; (9-25-00) 2-1-04 

Corcilius, Irene, 132 Park Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A L, Jam; 9-12-04 

Cordera. Gustave. 75 Harrison, S. I A Sp, Curtis; 9-10-20 

Corey, Grace, 94 Prospect Pk. W., Bn AH, EH; 9-5-19 

Corliss. Charles E.. 1267 Park PI., Bn A Coml, Coml; 2-6-08 

Cornell, Charles F., 33 Alsop, Jamaica. L. I. A M. Stv; (9-18-00) 9-9-10 

Cornish, Robert H., 400 W. 118th, Mn.... 1 A, P So (Ch), Wdl; 9-12-97 
Corson, Livingston, 27 Union Pk. Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A E, RH; 10-1-09 

Corwin, Roswell. 552 Monroe, Bn A Cv. Coml; (12-17-01) 2-2-20 

Coryell. Mancv G.. 1414 Vyse Ave., Bx A E. TR; (11-17-19) 9-10-20 

Cotter, Julia T., 384 E. 18th, Bn A E, MT; 11-2-08 



182 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Cottrell Royal L., 209 Greene Ave., Bn A Cv, Coml; (3-1-00) 9-10-20 

Couch. Anne M., 718 St. Marks Ave., Bn.. A H, Girls: 12-1-09 
Courtenaye, Juanita (Mrs.), 673 Broadway, 

^ Mn A Sp, Boys; 12-12-17 

Courtney, Bertha F., 20 Hillside Ave., New 

Rochelle, N. Y A Coml (Ch), Bry; 9-12-04 

Cowan, Georgia C, 39 E. 27th, Mn A D, WI- 9-5-13 

Cowles, Clarence E., 224 Amherst Ave.. ' 

Jamaica, L. I A Coml, Jam; (11-1-07) 9-12-10 

Cox, Ella M. (Mrs.), 549 Jasmine, Flushing, A PT, Ntn; (11-16-14) 11-16-17 
Cox, Samuel A., 103 Fisk Ave., Maspeth, 

r bl- ••\Vr"^-,--->.---";--4^ ^ PT, Ntn; (11-1-07) 9-11-16 

Craft, Anna W., Glen Cove, L. I AD, Ntn; (9-1-93) 9-11-00 

Crahan, Mary G., 436 Ft. Washington Ave., 

.Mn. ............. A Cooking, WI; (10-1-95) 2-2-06 

Craig, Mary C, 172 Hamilton Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A E, Curtis; 9-8-02 

Cramp, Carrie M., 259 Brooklyn Ave., Bn.. A Mu, MT; 9-7-17 

Cranch, Alice R., 1713 75th, Bn A E Girls- 11-5-19 

Crandell, Helen H., 18 Hamilton Ter., Mn. A E. WI- 4-19-20 

Crane, Ella E., 2015 Bedford Ave., Bn AH, EH; (9-7-99) 10-1-09 

Crane, George J., 673 Decatur, Bn A E, Boys- 9-8-16 

Crane, Lizzie C, 568 William St., E. Orange, 

^ ^- J- ,••. AD, Wdl; (9-1-80) 9-3-02 

Craver, Edwin H.. 820 E. 22d, Paterson, 

N. J. ......... A St Tp, HSC; 9-12-10 

Cremins, Julia C, 356 E. 57th, Mn A D (Ch), Wdl; (9-8-14) 9-11-11 

Crennan, Margaret A., 19 Harbor View Ct., 

Tonipkinsville, S I. • • • • • A St Tp, Curtis; (10-9-93) 9-14-08 

Crespi, Alberta R., 465 E. Parkway, Bn A M EH- 9-8-16 

Crockett, Esther M. S., 134 Linden Ave., Bn. A E, ER;' (9-12-04) 10-2-11 

Crocker, Nellie J., 414 W. 121st, Mn A Sp, JR; (9-14-08) 2-2-20 

Cromie, William A., 1213 Main, Madison, 

^ N. Y A Sp. Wdl; (2-1-07) 9-22-08 

Croohe, Maxwell A., 2121 Foster Ave., Bn.. A PT, EH- 9-5-13 

Crooks, Muriel A., 750 54th, Bn Lib A, BR; 2-2-20 

Crosbie, Edith (Mrs.), 29 Stuyvesant PL, 

New Brighton, S. I AD, Curtis; 9-6-18 

Cross ey. Arthur L., W. 3d, Hicksville, L. I. Adm A E, Bwk; 9-10-06 

Crouch, Frank M., 141 Halsey, Bn A E, Boys; (2-1-04) 2-1-21 

Crouthamel, Wallace K., 128 25th, Elmhurst, 

^ „L- \^.-i A Coml (Ch), Ntn; 9-11-14 

Cullen, Michael J., 1615 Benson, Bx A B, NU- (9-7-17) 9-10-20 

Cumberland, Edith A., 106 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A PT, Wdl; (1-5-14) 9-8-16 

Cunniffe, Katharine, 2331 Grand Concourse, 

^ Bx AH, EvC; (11-2-06) 9-11-14 

Cunningham, Maud M., 265 Ocean Ave., Bn. A H. EH; 2-7-10 

Cuno, Violette B.. 500 9th, Bn A PT, BR; 2-1-15 

Currie, Thomas H., 344 Harrison Ave., Has- 

brouck Hts., N. J A Phvsiog (Ch P), DWC; 2-2-03 

Currier, Clara L., 749 Ocean Ave., Bn A D, EH; 3-13-13 

Curtis, Eliza C, 94 Brooklyn Ave., Bn A Coml, RH; 9-11-16 

Curtis. Henry S., 4 Terrace Ave., Jamaica, 

L- I A P, Boys; 2-19-00 

Curtis. Osburn Marcus, 18 Curtis PL, New 

Brighton, S. I AH, Curtis; 10-26-00 

Cusack, Gertrude, 611 Putnam Ave., Bn A Coml. ED; 10-15-14 

Cushman, Earl L., 63 8th Ave., Bn A G (Ch F), Girls; 2-2-03 

Cutler, Sanford L., 103 W. Tremont Ave., 

Bx A L, Ms; 9-11-99 

Cutts, Susan R., 70 Morningside Dr., Mn.. A St Tp, FR; 3-1-20 

D 

Daggett, Mabel C, 107 Hancock, Bn A F, Girls; 9-11-14 

Dahlberg, Inga J., 574 81st, Bn A E, JR; 9-10-20 

Dailey, Frances A., 149 S. Elliott PL, Bn.. A Mu, Boys; 11-1-12 (9-10-20) 
Daley, Eva L., 5 Tompkins Circle, Tomp- 

kinsville, S. I A F, Curtis; 9-5-19 

Daley, Helen S., 296 Lafayette Ave., Bn.. A D. WI; (11-1-06) 2-3-13 

Daly, Charles, 250 Sherman Ave., Bx A Wood Trng & Pattern Mkg, Stv; 

10-8-17 

Dame, Lydia M., 253A Brooklyn Ave., Bn. A E L, Girls; 9-1-94 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 183 

Daniels, Ernest D., 157 Midwood, Bn A L, Boys; 2-21-01 

Danielson, Carl, 611 W. ISSth, Mn A Mu (Ch), Stv; 9-11-14 

Dann, Matthew L., 8SS2 112th, Richmond 

Hill, L. 1 1 A H (Ch), RH; 2-1-07 (9-9-14) 

Dann, Roland, Seventh Ave. & 4th, Bn A Cv, MT; (9-11-08) 11-1-20 

Dare, George F., S3 Hamilton Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A Mu, Curtis; 11-1-20 

Darrin, Mary Reid (Mrs.), 205 St. James 

PL, Bn A Physiog, Bry; (11-1-98) 2-1-00 

Davenport, Helen V.. 1274 Pacific, Bn A Sp, G, ED; 2-1-15 

Davenport, Florence C. 403 Macon, Bn A L, ED; (4-1-07) 2-8-09 

Davenport, Helen V., 1274 Pacific, Bn A Sp ED; 2-1-lS 

Davidoff, Henry, 2109 Harrison Ave., Bx.. A E, Stv; (3-8-00) 9-8-13 

Davidson, Edna H., 601 W. 137th, Mn A Sp, Jam; 2-1-18 

Davidson, Henry, 3287 Decatur Ave., Bn.. AEG, DWC; (12-1-03) 4-8-12 

Davis, Alice, 112 Nagle Ave., Mn A H Ms; 2-18-01 

Davis, Eunice M., 203 Underhill Ave., Bn. A M, MT; 3-6-02 

Davis, Frank L. (Miss). 988 Bergen, Bn... A St Tp (Ch), Girls; 7-1-93 

Davis, Genevieve, 387 Manhattan Ave., Mn. A D, Wdl; 9-10-00 

Davis, Jennie M.. Hotel St. George, 51 

Clark, Bn AH, EH; 2-1-99 

Davis, Josie A., 416 W. 118th, Mn 1 A L (Ch), Ms; 9-12-97 

Day, Isabelle M. (Mrs.), 17 W. 91st, Mn.. A Sp, Coml; 2-3-19 
Dayhoff, Elsie S. (Mrs.), 911 Summit Ave., 

Bx A Sp, Bry; (9-11-08) 9-29-08 

Dean, Nellie, 4 E. 28th, Mn A Cooking, WI; (5-24-00) 12-4-05 

Dean, Philip R., 206 E. 200th, Bx 1AM (Ch), EvC; 9-12-97 (2-1-07) 

Decker, Nicholas P., 930 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn AM. DWC; 4-8-12 

DeCosta, Silvie G.. 2390 Creston Ave., Bx.. AD (Ch), EvC; (10-1-99) 9-14-03 

Dee. Marie R., 1113 Teller Ave., Bx A Cv, Stv; (11-1-17) 2-2-20 

DeFremery, Henrietta R. (Mrs.), 174 25th, 

Elmhurst, L. I A E, JR; (11-1-00) 3-1-05 

DeGraff. Forrest, 142 Park Ave., Leonia, 

N.J A M, Stv; 9-11-14 

DeHoff, Leon, 69 N. 38d, Flushing, L. I... A M, Fig; 9-8-16 

Deihl, Frank E.. SO Chestnut, Flushing, L. I. A, Fig; 9-12-04 

Deixel, Arthur A., 2071 5th Ave.. Mn A L, DWC; 9-8-13 

Delaney, Edward C, 603 W 51st, Mn A H, DWC; (3-1-12) 2-3-13 

Delano, Sally H., 419 W. 119th, Mn A L, Wdl; 9-1-97 

de Lautreppe, Waldemar, 395 E. 197th, Bx. . A F. EH; 11-5-08 

Demarest, Peter E., 11 E. 87th, Mn P, Bry; (9-1-87) 7-1-97 

Demarest, Helen, Hollis Court, Queens, 

L. I A Cv, Coml; 2-7-19 

deMers, Adrienne V., 40 Gramercy Park, 

Mn A St Tp, WI; 11-25-12 

Dempsey, Josephine A., 467 SSth, Bn A St Tp, Bwk; 2-1-15 

Denehy, Bride C. (Mrs.), 57 W. 86th. Mn. CI A. WI; 2-1-15 

Denenholz, Alexander, 473 Hancock, Bn... A St Tp, Coml; (2-1-07) 2-15-09 

Denfeld, Charlotte S., 1304 Dean, Bn AG, Girls; 7-1-95 

Denhani, Sidonie B., 184 S. Oxford, Bn... CI A, BR; 11-3-19 

Denis, Bertha, 401 W. 117th, Mn A M, Wdl; 2-2-03 

Dennis, Julia B., 66 Orange, Bn AG. EH; 9-14-96 

Deshel, Morris C.,_ 2486 Valentine Ave., Bx. A Com Cv, DWC; 6-28-16 
de Fremery, Henrietta Rodman (Mrs.), 174 

25th, Elmhurst, L. I A E, JR; 3-1-05 

deVarona, Bertha L., 805 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A Sewing, WI; (3-1-95) 2-1-16 

deVillalvilla, Maria D.. 536 W. 113th, Mn.. A Sp, WI; 2-11-15 

Dewing, Edward O., 234 Linden Ave.. Bn.. A F, Bwk; 2-2-14 
DeWitt, Louise L., 666 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A E, Ms; 10-1-98 

Diamond, Morris, 198 Jersey, New Brigh- 
ton, S. I AM, Stv; 6-28-16 

Dibble, Margaret L., 2017 Caton Ave., Bn.. A PT, EH; (9-11-08) 11-1-17 

Dickinson, Florence, 198 E. 205th, Bx AH, Bry; (9-12-04) 9-11-14 

Dickinson, Henry N., 195 Kingston Ave., Bn. A L, MT; 9-10-06 

A H. Bry; (9-20-98) 2-11-01 

Dickler, Nathan N., 1420 47th, Bn AM, Boys; 9-16-07 

Dickson, Tenny V., 401 W. 118th, Mn A H, Bry; (9-20-98) 2-11-01 

Dietrich, Bertha K., 19 Arlington PI., Bn.. A B. Bwk; 9-5-13 
Dietrich. Lucy G. (Mrs.), 38 Ocean Ave., 

Bay Shore, L, I AH, Ntn; (9-1-98) 11-8-19 



184 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Dike, Cornelia A., 648 W. ISSth, Mn..._. .. A E, Wdl; 9-8-02 
Dilger, Marie, 76 Herriman Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A G, Jam; 10-2-11 

Dillingham, James D.. 189 Denman, Elm- 
hurst, L. I P, Ntn; (8-1-94) 2-1-10 

Dillon, Olive, 21 E. 89th, Mn A El, EvC; (11-1-17) 10-1-19 

Dillon, Sidney, 123 Parlando Ave., Bn AC, Coml; 11-1-17 

Dinsmore, Ernest L., 436 Lewis Ave., Bn.. A C (Ch). Boys; 2-2-14 
Disalvo, Beatrix H. (Mrs.), 6019 Tyndall 

Ave., Bx A El, ED; 2-1-06 

Dithridge, Caroline M., 19S11 100th Ave., 

Hollis, L. I A L. MT; (3-11-01) 11-3-02 

Dithridge, Louise M., 2259 Houghton Ave., 

Bx A B, WI; 10-3-04 

Dithridge, Rachel, 19511 Chichester Ave., 

Hollis, L. I A El (Ch), ED; 2-1-06 

Dixon, Charles E., Brokaw & Lowell Aves., 

Floral Pk., L. 1 1 A L (Ch), ED; 12-09-00 (9-4-07 

Dodd, Helen W., 523 E. 77th. Mn A H, WI; 2-6-14 

Doggett, Allen B., 628 E. 26th, Bn AD, EH; 9-1-96 

Doherty, Helen F., 246 Roseville Ave., New- 
ark, N. J A E, WI; 2-3-13 

Dolgenas, Jacob A., 188 Hooper, Bn AM, WI; (11-2-03) 2-2-14 

Donaldson, Elizabeth, 51 Burns, Forest Hills, 

L. I A E (Chg An), JR: 9-11-14 

Donaldson, George, Grantwood, N. J A Physiol, DWC; 10-30-99 

Donner, H. Montagu, 48 Claremont Ave.. 

Mn A F, DWC; 2-1-99 

Donohoe, John A., 943 Teller Ave.. Bx A Coml, EvC; (12-1-04) 2-5-17 

Donohue, Eleanor, 73 Sampson, Elmhurst, 

L. I A E, JR; 9-10-20 

Donohue, John J., 1137 Longfellow Ave., Bx. A E, Stv; 9-8-16 

Donovan, Bernard T., 525 68th, Bn AH, BR; 4-9-17 

Donovan, Helen C, 501 Park PL, Bn A Coml, JR; 2-1-15 

Donovan, Herbert D. A., 121 Decatur, Bn.. A H, Coml; 9-12-10 

Donvan, Walter J., 464 Bainbridge, Bn A B, Coml; (1-10-12) 9-9-12 

Dooley. Raphael C, 720 Jefferson Ave., Bn. A E, Boys; (2-1-10) 9-6-18 

Dore, Edward S., 124 E. 58th, Mn A E, DWC; 9-10-20 

Doris, Charles, 8799 17th Ave., Bn AM, NU; (11-1-09) 2-5-17 

Dotey, Aaron I., 48 Adrien Ave., Mn 1 A L (Adm), DWC; 9-10-00 

(2-5-17) 

Doty, Eleanor S., 114 Morningside Dr., Mn. A E, Wdl; 3-1-12 

Dougine, Genevieve N., 2261 Loring PI.. Bx. A E, JR; (9-12-04) 2-1-15 

''''''t^: ^r^^.:^:±.'l^^..^^:: i ae (ch), nu; 7-1-88 (9-12-97) 

Douglas, Clara M., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn. A F, EH; 9-21-08 

Doux, Mary F., 29 E. 29th, Mn A D, WI; 9-7-17 

Dowd, Mary T., 22 Pierrepont, Bn A Cooking, WI; (11-2-03) 9-20-05 

Dowell, Philip, 86 Bond, Port Richmond, _ ,„ . „^ 

S. I. A B, Curtis; 10-1-02 

Dowliii, Jennie B., 115 Hampton, Elmhurst, . _ „ „ , ,„ 

L_ I A F, Ntn; 2-3-19 

Dowden, 'Florence A., SO Morningside Ave., ^ ^ r^-, 

]y[jj Lib A, Wdl ; 2-2-03 

Downey, Frknk,'92'Van Buren, Bn A Mu, Stv; (2-7-00) 10-1-09 

Downing, George B., 1134 St. Johns PL, Bn. A M, Boys; 10-1-09 
Dox, Elmer A., 208 N. Maple Ave., E. 

Orancre NT A L, HSC; 2-2-14 

Doyle, jX W. '42 Jane, Mn :M?' J^J ^f^^^^.^'l'^ , 

Doyle Thomas L., 1318 Madison, Bn . . . . A E, Bwk; (1-1-06) 2-3-13 

Drachman, Julian M., 128 W 121st, Mn... A E, HSC; 9-10-20 

Drake, Ruth W., 547 W| 123d, Mn........ A D, Wdl; (2-1-05) 10-1-09 

Dressner, Robert H., 2074 Vyse Ave., Bx.. A H, HSC; (S-15-14) 11-1-20 

Drew, Celia A., 133 W. 12th, Mn. ..... ... . A E HSC; 2-1-15 

Drew. A. Virginia (Mrs.), 57 W. 10th, Mn. A St Tp^ WI; 4-13-14 

Dreyfus, Jeanne, 520 W. 124th, Mn A E, ED; (10-1-03) 3-2-14 

Drucker Max, 30 E. 128th, Mn . A MD Bry; (11-1-05) 2-1-15 

Duffy, Elizabeth F., 332 W. 56th, Mn A Coml, JR; (9-1-97) 3-1-17 

Duffy, Katharine H., 1518 Woodhaven Rd., /o1<n1^ inifiid 

Woodhaven, L. I A Sp, ED; (2-16-01) 10-16-14 

^"'Ss^ ifrs" f" '" ^'°''"'' ^'" '^""' A Ace & Bus Pr, Curtis; (2-9-03) 

cess i^ay, a. i 2.2-20 

Dumond, Helen M., 496 1 0th. Bn "^ ll ^J 'il'^^.i^ 1 6 

Dunbar? John D., 195 Halsey Bn. ....... . A St Tp^ Jam; 9-8-16 

Dunbar, William F., 3 Cambridge PL, Bn. . A H, Stv; (1-2-01) 2-2-14 

Duncan Edith M. (Mrs.), 301 E. 23rd, Mn. A M, EH; 6-28-16 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 185 

Dundish, Rachel G. (Mrs.), 63 Fennimore, 

Bn A St Tp, Bwk; (11-1-04) 10-1-19 

Dunford, Honora A.. 110 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A Sewing & Dressmkg, WI; 9-27-10 

Dunn, Lillian C, 354 Ocean Ave., Bn A M, EH; 9-11-14 

Dunnet, Christina, E. 98th and Farragut Rd., 

Bn A B, MT; 2-2-20 

Durand, William B., 371 E. Parkway. Bn.. A PT (Ch), Bwk; 12-4-11 

Durfee, Clayton G.. 732 E. 234th, Bx A E (Chg An), EvC; (3-11-01) 

9-28-08 

Durkin, William J., 94 W. 162iid Mu A H, TR; 11-1-20 

Duschatko, Alfred. 493 Fletcher PL, Bx... A M, HSC; 2-3-13 

Dyer, Cecil B., 545 W. 148th, Mn A E, DWC; 9-10-20 

E 

Eager, Mary M., 204 W. 82d, Mn CI A, Coml; (11-1-07) 11-18-18 

Earle, Ruth M., 38 Campion Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A PT, Jam; 4-4-20 

Earle, Willis, 119 Montague, Bn A E, EH; 9-12-98 

Eastman, Marjorie, 27 W. 84th, Mn A E, Ms; 9-11-11 

Eaton. Arthur L., 1711 Ave. V, Bn A F, Boys; 2-15-15 

Eaton, Clara C, 40 N. 10th Ave., Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y AM, WI; (11-1-08) 10-1-09 

Eaton, Mary P., 44 Morningside Dr., Mn.. 1 A E (Ch), Wdl; 12-10-09 (2-2-20) 

Eberly, Joseph E., 1202 Clay Ave., Bx A PT. DWC; (9-8-11) 10-14-18 

Edelson, Emanuel M., 1010 Rogers PI., Bx. A Ace & Bus Pr, HSC; (3-1-05) 

11-3-13 

Edgell, Frank D.. 1418 E. 17th, Bn A M, E H; 2-1-99 

Edgell, Katharine C. (Mrs.), 1418 E. 17th 

Bn A PT (Ch), EH; (12-4-01) 9-10-06 

Edgerton, Myra T., 524 120th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I AH, Jam; 3-1-05 

Edmunds, Maude A., Ardsley. N. Y A PT (Ch), Ev C; (1-2-07) 9-9-12 

Edwards, Sidney, 4 Glenada PI., Bn A Woodworking D M, MT; 2-18-95 

Edwards, Minna H., 144 E. 22d, Mn A G, WI; 2-3-03 

Edwards. William H., 66 Quincy, Bn A L, Boys; 7-4-91 

Eggleston, Charlotte, 500 W. 114th, Mn A M, Ntn; 9-16-07 

Eisenmann, Max J., 920 E. 10th, Bn A Coml, Coml; 9-11-14 

Eisner, Harry, 114 St. Mark's PL, Mn A M, DWC; (11-2-03) 9-1-16 

Elbert, William, 361 E. 2Sth, Bn A Cv, EH; (10-3-04) 2-2-20 

Elder, Jane. 510 Gardens Apt., Forest Hills, 

L. I A H G, RH; 2-8-15 

Elder, Vera, Irvington-on-Hudson, N. Y Lib A, JR; 12-1-18 

Eels, Burr G., Babvlon, L. I A Sp. Coml; 9-9-10 

Eldridge, Paul, 1372 Ogden Ave., Bx A F, Ev C; 6-28-16 

Eletz, Anna, 3 E. 106th, Mn A Cv, GComl; 9-10-20 

Elkan, Herman M.. 758 Kelly, Bx A Coml (Ch), Ms; (9-9-07) 2-2-14 

Ellard. Charles. Great Neck, L. I A C, Stv; 2-8-09 

Ellert, John F., 526 W. 139th, Mn A PT (Ch), GW; 1-2-07 (9-29-08) 

Elliffe, Richard E., Jr., 310 Mosholu Pk- 

way. Bx A PT (Ch), EH; 9-8-16 

Elliott, Lilian M., 201 W. 120th, Mn A E, Wdl; (4-1-04) 3-6-99 

Ellison, Ethel L., 3264 Hull Ave., Bx CI A, GW; 5-1-11 

Ellner, Samuel H., 46 Ft. Washington Ave., 

Mn AC. Stv; 11-1-17 

Ellsworth. Sanford J., Far Rockaway, L. I. P, FR; (9-1-95) 9-27-20 
Elmer, Clement G., 44 Cortelyou PL, New 

Brighton, S. 1 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Stv; 9-8-02 

(2-8-09) 

Elmer, S. Lewis, 188 Hawthorne, Bn A Mu, EH; 2-5-17 

Eltzner. Dorothea, 62 Circle Driveway, 

Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y A G, WI; 9-9-12 

Ely, Jean, 136 Barclay, Flushing, L. I Lib A, Fig; 2-1-94 

Emery. Stephen, 317 E. 21st, Bn 1AM (Ch), EH; 9-14-03 (9-9-14) 

Emmons, Bertha E., 296 Ryerson, Bn AD, Boys; (9-10-06) 2-5-17 

Emrick, Anna C, 86 Central Ave., Flush- 
ing, L. I A E. Fig; 9-8-16 

Ennis, Marv G., 36 Ruthland Rd., Bn A Mu (Ch). EH: 12-1-09 

Esselstyn, Henry H., 51 Clark, Bn A E, Boys; 9-11-05 

Estes, Charles S., 275 St. James PL, Bn... A L, EH; 5-3-00 

Ettinger, William L. 790 Riverside Dr., Mn. Supt of Sc, BofE; (9-1-84) 

(10-29-09) (9-10-13) 5-1-18 

Evans, Austin H.. 1924 Loring PL, Bx A L, EvC; 2-1-05 



186 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Evans, George C, 909 Bedford Ave., Bn... A D, MT; 10-14-19 

Evans, Sarah G., 244 E. 86th, Mn A St Tp JR; (3-6-12) 10-1-19 

Evans, William F., 1206 Pacific, Bn A P, Girls; 9-11-OS 

Everett, Edith M., 221 Hancock, Bn A E. EH; 9-14-08 

Everett, Isabelle W., 325 Convent Ave., Mn. A E, JR; (11-1-10) 6-28-16 



Fabricius, Alma M., 169 West End Ave., 

Mn AM, HSC; (2-3-19) 3-1-20 

Fagan, Mary T., 209 Congress, Bn A Sewing & Dressmkg, WI; 

(12-22-92) 9-6-18 

Fahey. Sara H., 47 Jefferson Ave., Bn A Cv, MT; (9-8-02) 2-2-20 

Fairchild, Ralph P., Roslyn Hts., L. I A PT, Boys; (4-1-09) 9-9-10 

Fairley, Edwin, 282 Quincy, Bn 1 A E (Ch), Jam; 1-31-02 (2-8-09) 

Falion, George M., 78 72d, Bn 1 A Class Lang (Ch), Bwk; 9-15-10 

(9-8-20) 
Falk, Anna A. (Mrs.), 1043 Trinity Ave., 

Bx A E, Ms; (10-1-89) 2-1-98 

Falk. Louis J., 601 W. 141st, Mn A Coml, WI; (5-1-97) 11-1-10 

Fallon, George P., 504 W. 112th, Mn A M, HSC; 2-2-14 

Fanning, Grace M. W., 97 Clark, Bn AH, MT; 9-14-96 

Farrar, Preston C, 421 E. 18th, Bn 1 A E (Ch), EH; 2-14-01 (2-1-07) 

Faria, Rosa M., 138 E. 16th, Mn A Sp, Stv; 2-9-20 

Farrell, Agnese, 26 Convent Ave., Mn A St Tp, JR; 3-1-17 

Faulkner, Eunice F., 50 W. 9th, Mn A D, ED; (12-1-02) 2-1-06 

Faust, Charlotte C, 239A Brooklyn Ave., 

Bn AG, BR; 11-1-07 

Fay, Charles R., Crescent Athletic Club, Bn. AH, EH; 3-8-00 

Fay. Margaret G., 519 Bedford Ave., Bn... A Coml, ED; (4-1-07) 9-11-16 

Fedter, Bruno, 223 E. 200dth, Bx A Sp G, HSC; 2-3-13 

Feldman, Daniel D., 19 Belmont Ter., New 

Brighton, S. I P. Curtis; 2-2-03 (12-1-06) (5-1-13) 

Felt, Carrie E., 20 Morningside Ave., Mn.. A Dom Art, WI; (9-12-97) 2-1-15 

Felter, William L., 294 Greene Ave., Bn... P, Girls; (6-17-87) 11-26-00 
Fenton, John W.. 58 S. 9th, Mt. Vernon, 

N. Y , A FHD, Stv; (4-11-01) 10-1-20 

Fergenson, Ethel. 17 Edwards, Ridgewood, 

N. J CI A, G Coml; 4-28-13 

Fernalld, Floyd M., 109 Oak Tree PL, Le- 

onia, N. J A M, Stv; 9-11-16 

Fernschild, William H., 71 Clinton PI., Bx. A H, EvC; 10-1-19 

Ferrigan. Angela, 623 \N. 207th. Mn CI A, JR; (6-2-19) 4-5-20 

Ferris, Florence L., 504 W. 112th, Mn CI A. Ms; (3-1-04) 9-11-14 

Ferris, Laura C, 611 W. 137th, Mn A D, WI; (11-1-09) 3-1-12 

Ferris. Mary D., ISO E. 35th, Mn A D, Ms; (3-4-91) 10-1-06 

Ferry, Alice M., 3d near Ashburton Ave., 

Bayside, L. I A Gr, Fig; 9-14-03 

Ferry, Orlando E., 1809 Nottingham Rd., 

Bn A E, EH; 9-14-96 

Feuerlicht, S. Julius, 1544 Minford PL, Bx. A ComL TR; (11-1-05) 9-11-16 

Fiebig. Anna F., 315 E. 57th, Mn A Sp, EH; (11-3-13) 9-5-19 

Fiebig, Emma, 315 E. 57th, Bn AM, EH; (11-3-13) 6-28-16 

Fields, Harold, 105 W. 114th. Mn A Ec, TR; (11-1-10) 2-3-19 

Fieldler, John L., 12315 Hillside Ave., 

Richmond Hill, L. I A St Tp, Bwk; (2-5-17) 10-9-19 

Figarola, Carlos K., 211 W. 101st, Mn A Sp, DWC; 10-14-19 

Filfus, Nathaniel, 235 St. Nicholas Ave., Mn. A Coml, JR; (9-12-04) 9-15-13 
Finch, Anna O. (Mrs.), 979 Anderson Ave., 

Bx A P, Br; 10-12-08 

Fine, Abraham M., 691 E. 138th, Mn CI A, Bwk; (9-5-13) 2-2-20 

A St Tp, Ms; (12-1-03) 9-8-16 
Fine, Lena J. (Mrs.), 1956 Crotona Park- 
way, Bx A St Tp. Ms; (12-1-03) 9-8-15 

Fink, Albert, 1331 Clinton Ave., Bx A St Tp, Bry; 9-11-14 

Fink, Anna H., 522 Grand St., Bn A St Tp, Bry; 9-11-14 

Fink. Frederick W., Hastings-on-Hudson, 

N. Y AG, Stv; 9-14-03 

Finnegan, William E., Fairview Ave., West- 
wood. N. J A Coml, Coml; 2-1-00 

Finney, Arthur E., 477 Greene Ave., Bn... A Sp, Coml; 9-11-11 
Finnigan, James J., 256 Greenway, Forest 

Hills, L. I A F, RH; 9-12-04 

Firman, Arthur B., Malverne, L. I A B, HSC; 2-5-13 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 187 

Fischer, Ida E., 666 St. Nicholas Ave., Mn. A Mu, Ms; (11-2-03) 4-19-20 

Fischer. Philip, 409 Edgecomb Ave., Mn... A FHD, Stv; (4-6-98) 11-3-13 

Fish, Alanson L., 204 Amity, Flushing. L. I. A PT (Ch), Fig; (11-8-05) S-3-09 

Fish, Joseph B., 960 Prospect Ave., Bx A B. Boys; (4-1-07) 11-11-14 

Fisher, Ruth B., 136 Stuyvesant PI., New 

Brighton, S. I A B, Curtis; 4-1-09 

Fisher, William W., 828 Lincoln PI., Bn 1 A E (Ch), Boys; 2-9-06 (9-11-11) 

Fitzgibbon, Mary A., 52 7th Ave.. Bn CI A, Boys; (11-1-07) 11-14-18 

Fitzpatrick, Elizabeth T., 919 Ogden Ave., 

Bx A B. Ms; (11-3-13) 6-28-16 

Flanagan, Mary A., 1744 E. 19th, Bn A PT, Girls; S-3-20 

Flanagan, William, 102 Westervelt Ave., New 

Brighton, S. I A St Tp (Ch), Curtis; (4-1-07) 

9-5-13 
Flanagan. William E., 822 Hatch Ave., 

Woodhaven, L. I A St Tp, Ntn; 11-1-17 

Flanders, Addie E., 400 W. 118th, Mn A L, JR; 2-3-13 

Fleisher, Edward, 1074 New York Ave., Bn. 1AM (Ch), ED; (9-12-04) 9-9-10 

(9-8-20) 
Fleissner, Gustav L., 3628 Graystone Ave., 

Bx A C, DWC; 2-1-10 

Fleming, Carrie O, 450 E. 26th, Bn A H, JR; 9-8-16 

Fleming, Gemma H. (Mrs.), Fulton, Ky. . A Sp, BR; 11-15-17 

Fletcher, Mann, 317 Hawthorne, Bn A E, NU; (9-8-16) 11-1-17 

Fletcher, Sheldon, Kalamazoo, Mich Lib A, Coml; 9-10-20 

Flint, Arthur H., 92 Beechknoll Rd., For- 
est Hills, L. I A D, RH; 4-10-99 

Flint, George C, 401 Macon, Bn A Mu (Ch), Boys; (4-1-11) 9-11-11 

Flynn, Margaret K.. 19 Hardenbrook Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A E, Jam; 9-10-20 

Foerster, John. 138 Halleck Ave., Bn A St Tp, HSC; 2-1-18 

Foley, Henry J., 10 Lafayette, Jamaica, L. I. A St Tp, Jam; 3-1-12 

Foley, John L„ 414 W. 115th, Mn A E, HSC; 2-2-20 

Fontaine, Andre C, 713 E. Parkway, Bn... A F, Boys; 9-8-02 
Foote, Edmund W., 93 Lincoln. Montclair, 

N. J 1 A Ec (Ch), DWC; 2-13-11 (2-2-20) 

Foote, John Paul, 66 Doscher, Bn A C Cv, RH; (2-1-04) 10-1-19 

Forcier, L. Ethel, 34 Maple Ct., Bn A E, EH; 4-1-03 

Ford, Anna, 414 W. 118th. Mn A Sp, JR; 10-2-16 

Ford, Celia. 84 Downing, Bn 1 A Class Lang (Ch), Girls; 9-12-97 

(11-1-07) 

Foster, Edwin W., Central Pk.. L. I A Wood Wkg MD, MT; 9-13-97 

Foster, Florence C. (Mrs.), 629 Elmore PI., 

Bn A El, EH; (11-2-08) 9-9-10 

Foster, Harold E., 270 Garden Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y Adm A E, Ms; 9-11-99 

Foster, Oscar R.. 203 8th Ave., Bn A C, MT; 2-1-10 

Foster, Sarah P.. 1819 Beverly Rd., Bn A St Tp (Ch), EH; 9-14-03 

Foster, Walter E., 611 W. 158th, Mn 1 A (Adm) Qass Lang (Ch), Stv; 

2-15-00 (11-1-07) 

Foster, Wilfred L., 675 Putnam Ave., Bn . . 1 A, PT (Ch), MT; 9-10-06 (2-2-20) 
Fountain, Emma A., 91 Prospect Ave., 

Flushing, L. I A E, Fig; 9-11-05 

Fowler, Etta M. (Mrs.), 1344 Pacific. Bn.. A St Tp (Ch), Bwk; 9-9-12 
Fox, Alice E. (Mrs.), 175 Claremont Ave., 

Mn AD, DWC; (1-31-02) 9-8-02 

Fox, S. Wadsworth, 418 W. 130th, Mn 1 A Ace & Coml Low, WI; 

(5-18-98) 3-14-13 (2-2-20) 
Frame, Rachel M., 27 S. 13th Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A E, WI; 6-28-16 

France, Sanford D.. 378 Putnam Ave., Bn.. A M, Boys; 9-12-10 

Frank, Charles L., 130 Claremont Ave., Mn. 1 A St Tp (Ch), Ms; (11-1-07) 

9-5-13 (2-2-20) 
Frank, Colman D., 80 Washington Sq. E., 

Mn 1 A F (Ch), DWC; 9-12-04 (2-1-10) 

Frank, Jeannette, 529 W. 179th, Mn A B, JR; (4-1-13) 9-11-14 

Frank. Julius, 500 W. 144th, Mn A M, DWC; (6-1-99) 10-15-14 

Frank, Maude M.. 327 W. 56th, Mn 1 A E, DWC; 9-12-97 (9-1-18) 

Franke, Clara E,, 130 Claremont Ave., Mn. A G, Ms; 12-1-09 
Frankel, Rachel S. (Mrs.), 51 Elmhurst, 

L. I A St Tp, JR; 3-5-07 

Franklin, Marjorie L., 514 W. 114th, Mn... A H, Stv; 9-10-20 

Freeberg, Sigrid C, 20 Butler PL, Bn AM, MT; (11-2-08) 9-9-10 

Freeman, Mary L.. 845 West End Ave., Mn. A Coml, WI; (9-8-02) 9-12-10 

Freeston, Mary C, 419 W. 119th, Mn A PT (Ch), Ms; 9-12-97 



188 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Freilich, Aaron, 1416 102d, Richmond Hill, 

_ L- I- •■' A M, Boys; 2-2-20 

French, Linda M., 228 St. Mark's PI., New 

Brighton, S. I A Sp G, Curtis; (3-11-12) 

French, Rachel M., 1369 Cedar Ave., Far 

Rockaway, L. I A PT (Ch), FR; 11-1-17 

Frerichs, Harrison M., Croton-on-Hudson, 

N. Y A FHD, Stv; 9-5-13 

Freynick. Julius A., 14 Duer PL, Weehaw- 

ken, N. J A E, DWC; 9-16-12 (4-19-20) 

Freygang, Mildred, 615 8th, College Point, 

L. I A Cv, Fig; 2-2-20 

Friedman, Samuel M., 763 Greene Ave., Bn. A Ace & Bus Pr, Bwk; 9-10-20 

Friedman, Saul, 1742 Union, Bn A PT, Boys; 11-1-17 

Frisbie, Eva E., 100 Carnegie Hall, Mn A Mu, JR; 2-1-15 

Fritz, Henry E., 4 Poplar Ave., North Pel- 
ham, N. Y 1 A FA (Ch), Stv; 2-1-07 

(6-1-14) 

Fritz, Louise P., 63 Ft. Greene PL, Bn.... Lib Pr, WI; 2-10-08 

Fromberg, Benjamin, 954 Hoe Ave., Bx A St Tp, HSC; 9-12-18 

Frost. Anna E., 152 Henry, Bn A D, JR; 2-1-15 

Fueslein, Irma E., 120 E. 86th, Mn A Sewg & Dressmkg, WI; 10-1-09 

Fueslein, Leonie A., 120 E. 86th, Mn A D, Ms; 2-1-18 

Fuller, Robert W., Wright, Westport, Conn. 1 A Chem & Physiog (Ch C), Stv; 

9-11-99 (9-1-05) 



Gage, Stanley A., 71 Maple Ave., New Ro- 

chelle, N. Y 1 A Mech Arts (Ch Metal Wkg), 

Stv; (11-9-96) 2-1-06 (6-1-14) 

Gallm, Jacob, 175 Middleton, Bn A PT, Boys; 11-1-20 

Galloway, Ida G., 338 8th Ave., Mn 1 A H (Ch), WI; 9-9-01 (2-8-09) 

Gallagher, Ellen M., 124 W. 75th, Mn A L, Curtis; 9-1-95 

•Gallagher, Margaret F., 168 W. 81st, Mn... A ComI, WI; 2-26-01 • 

Galvin, Kathryn M., 404 W. llSth, Mn A El, Ntn; 11-3-19 

Gambier, Louise M., Hartsdale, N. Y A F. Bry; 9-9-10 

Gardner, Frank A., 401 W. 118th, Mn A Mech Arts (Ch MD), Stv; 

(9-10-06) 6-1-14 
Gardner. Gertrude G., 171 Union, Flushing, 

L. I AD, Fig; 2-1-lS 

Gardner, Maude, 1113 Prospect PL, Bn A D (Ch), Girls; (9-1-96) 2-18-01 

Gaines, Margaret E., North Ave., Westfield, 

N. J A Mu, WI; (3-1-12) 2-1-15 

Garrett, Sara, 334 E. 30th, Mn A Cv, BR; 9-10-20 

Garrigues, Ellen E., 35 Mt. Morris Pk., W. 

Mn 1 A E (Ch), DWC; (9-1-03) 9-12-97 

Garrity, Julia F., 301 W. 57th. Mn A M, Bry; 9-1-91 

Garvey, Alice L., 2nd, Bayside, L. I A Ace & Bus Pr, Bry; 9-10-20 

Gaston, Charles R., 215 Abingdon Rd., Rich- 
mond HilL L. I 1 A E (Ch), RH; 9-11-00 (9-1-11) 

Gates, J. Vincent, 39 Gerry Ave., Elmhurst, 

L. I A Ace & Bus Pr, Coml ; 6-1-20 

Gauvran, Ethel H., 11 Hillcrest Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A E, Jam; 12-1-09 

Gay, Laura S., "The Franklin," Jamaica. 

L. I AM, Jam; 9-1-02 

Gaylor, William M., 129 Wadsworth Ave., 

Mn A M, Ms; 9-7-14 

Gaylord, Harriet E., 204 W. 94th, Mn A E, Ms; 9-11-99 

Gaynor, Carrie, 165 Prospect Pk. W., Bn... A Sewg (Ch), BR; (10-1-06) 2-3-13 

Gaynor, Margaret A., 10 E. 129th. Mn A F, WI; (4-1-08) 9-11-14 

Geer, Helena, 33 Woodruff Ave., Bn A F, EH; 11-3-19 

Geiss, M. Paula, 2072 Homecrest Ave., Bn.. A M, MT; 2-1-07 

Gelbach, Marie, Park Hill, Yonkers, N. Y. AG Sp. Wdl; (2-1-07) 9-22-08 

Gemson, Irving, 2011 91st. Bn A PT, Boys; (3-1-07) 9-12-10 

Genung, Ina E., 1236 Pacific, Bn A L, ED; 9-8-02 

Gere, Louisa B., 63 E. 59th, Mn A E. WI ; 9-14-03 

Gerken, Albert, 230 25th, Elmhurst, L. I... A Coml. Bry; (3-1-07) 9-8-16 

Germann, Franklin P., Jr., 1768 4Sth, Bn... A B, DWC; (11-1-09) 9-8-16 

Germann, Charles C. 66 Midwood, Bn A P, MT; (9-14-99) 4-8-12 

Gerstenzang, Robert B., 956 Leggett Ave., ^ » . ^ „„ 

Bx. A PT, Bry; (11-1-10) 2-16-20 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 189 

Gibson, J. Stewart. 22 Clinton Ave., Mont- 

clair. N. J AC (Ch), Wdl; 2-1-98 

Gilbert, Max, 1710 Hoe Ave., Bx A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; (2-1-06) 

2-2-lS 

Gill, Lulu G., 420 W. 118th, Mn A PT, WI; 11-1-10 

Gilliland, Alice M., 22 Pierrepont, Bn AM, 9-24-07 

Gilmore, Agnes M., 68 W. 183d, Mn A St Tp, HSC; 2-1-18 

Gilmour, Emily J., 37 Dekalb Ave., White 

Plains, N. Y AM, Ms; (10-1-85) 9-11-99 

Gilson, Channing W., 936 St. Marks Ave., 

Bn A Wood Trng & Pattern Mkg, MT ; 

4-22-12 

Ginsberg, Isidore. 943 Whitlock Ave., Bx.. A M, Boys; 9-10-20 

Giovanoly, Max F., 566 W. 162d, Mn A G, DWC; 9-10-00 

Gittoe, Ethel T., 597 Putnam Ave., Bn A Placmt Invest, WI; 4-9-14 

(Sladding, Bessie A., 83 Hamilton Ave., 

Yonkers, N. Y A E, HSC; 11-1-20 

Glaser, Beatrice C. 31 W. 124th, Mn A St Tp, WI; (4-1-07) 10-8-14 

Glatzer, David ., 1072 Bryant Ave., Bx A Coml, HSC; (4-17-11) 10-15-19 

Glazier. M. Louise, 244 S. Broadway, Yon- 
kers, N. Y CI A, EvC; 6-28-16 

Glen, M. Eva, Stewart Ave., Bayside, L. I. CI A, RH; 9-22-08 
Glendenning, Helen F., 250 Union, Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y CI A, Ms; 9-8-16 

Gluck, Emil, 1590 Amsterdam Ave.. Mn A Coml (Ch), BR; (5-18-98) 9-9-12 

Gluck, Marguerite L., 2010 7th Ave., Mn... Lab A B, EvC; 2-3-19 
Glugoski, Arthur, 1246 Woodycrest Ave., 

Bx A M, Stv; 9-11-14 

Gnade, Agnes, 155 Home Ave., Rutherford, 

N. J A E, MT; 9-9-01 

Coding, Florence L., 135 Lincoln PI.. Bn... AD (Ch), MT; 9-11-14 

Godnick. Samuel P.. 517 W. 149th. Mn A Coml, TR; (4-1-02) 9-11-16 

Golan, Joseph B., 2026 7th Ave., Mn A Ec, HSC; (11-1-05) 10-1-19 

Gold, Elias E., 26 Middletown, Jamaica, L.I. A St Tp, WI; (11-1-06) 2-1-15 

Goldberg, Anna, 106 Rodney, Bn A St Tp (Chg An), JR; 3-1-17 

Goldberg, Ida C, 1903 Davidson Ave., Bx.. A St Tp, EvC; (12-2-12) 10-2-16 

Goldberg, Israel, 936 E. 178th, Bx A F H; Stv; (12-18-11) 2-3-13 

Goldberg, Morris, 1780 Bryant Ave., Bx... A Joinery, Stv; (11-1-05) 9-8-16 

Goldberger, Elias, 67 W. 115th, Mn A F, DWC; 9-6-18 

Goldberger, Louis K., 123 E. 35th. Bn A Coml, Bwk; (11-1-07) 11-3-13 

Goldbloom, Simon L., 721 E. 22d, Bn AH, DWC; (10-3-04) 9-6-18 

Golde, Margaret D., 201 W. 54th, Mn A G, RH; 9-12-10 

Goldensohn, Joseph A., SS8 Lafayette Ave., 

Bn A Coml, Bwk; (4-1-07) 9-11-14 

Goldfarb, Israel, 941 Stebbins Ave., Bx AC, DWC; (3-1-10) 10-2-16 

Goldman, Samuel, 875 W. 181st, Mn A M, DWC; (11-1-07) 9-11-16 

Goldsmith, Elizabeth, 363 Grand Ave., Bn.. A G, Bwk; 9-9-10 

Goldsmith, Morgan J., 59 Clinton PL, Bx... A Coml. WI; 9-27-97 

Goldstein, Alexander, 93 St. James PI., Bn.. A E, NU; (12-1-04) 2-3-13 

Goll, Bertha C, 25 Pulaski. Bn A E, EH; (11-2-96) 4-21-19 

Gombarts, George K., 300 E. 163d, Bx AD (Ch), DWC; 10-1-12 

Gompf, Anna M., Ketcham PI., Elmhurst, 

L.I A H, Ntn; 9-9-10 

Goode, Elizabeth. Beverly Apts., New Brigh- 
ton, S. I A L, Curtis; 3-1-06 

Goodman, Arthur, 53 7th, Mn A M, Bwk; 9-9-10 

Goodrich, Charlotte, Lee, Mass A B, Girls; 2-1-07 

Goodrich, Howard F., 566 W. 162d. Mn A Joinery, Stv; 10-3-04 

Goodrich, Martha M., 601 W. 149th, Mn... A F, Wdl; 2-6-03 
Goodwin, W. Grant, 1464 Lexington Ave., 

Mn A H, Curtis; 9-23-01 

Gordon, John J., 1327 E. 26th, Bn AM, Bwk; (11-2-03) 2-2-20 

Gordon, Margery, 154 E. 40th, Mn A E, HSC 9-11-14 

Gordon. Machen. 854 W. 180th, Mn A St Tp, GW; (11-1-06) 4-1-18 

Gore, Anna W.. 125 Gleane, Elmhurst, L. I. A H, Bwk; (11-1-06) 9-11-16 

Gottlieb, Maurice, 1430 University Ave., Bx. A Coml, HSC; (11-1-07) 9-11-16 

Goudal, Emilie, 29 E. 29th, Mn A F, WI; (10-16-93) 9-14-03 

Gould, Frances, 115 Montague, Bn A Mu (Ch), JR; 9-11-14 

Gowans, Elizabeth, 434 W. 120th, Mn A D (Ch), Bry; 6-28-16 

Grabschied, Anna, 463 W. 159th, Mn CI A, Wdl; 9-8-16 

Graham, Mary C, 50 E. 89th, Mn A M, ED; (9-7-06) 9-8-16 

Graham, Ruth E., 804 Park Pl., Bn E, MT; 9-5-19 

Gramet, Charles A., 831 Greene Ave., Bn... A B, Stv; 12-12-17 (2-1-21) 

Grant, Eva M. (Mrs.), 3038 Hull Ave., Bx. A M, EvC; 10-2-11 



190 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Grant, Forest, S Whittier, E., Orange, N. J. A D, HSC; 11-1-04 
Grant, M Alma, 59 Gerry Ave., Elmhurst, 

L. I A Dom Art, Fig; 11-17-13 

Grant, Roscoe A., Pennsylvania Ave., Hemp- 
stead, L. I Adm A L. Jam; 2-1-04 

Gray, Jacob M., 341 McLean, Yonkers, N. Y. A IHD, Stv; 9-11-16 

Gray, J. Newton, S918 Bay Parkway, Bn.. A P, MT; 9-11-99 

Gray, Nomer, 1013 Prospect PL. Bn A Cv, HSC; (2-1-98) 11-3-19 

Greditzer, M. Moritz, 1370 Prospect Ave., 

Ex A Sp (Ch), EvC; (9-22-03) 3-1-06 

Green, Bernard I., 1058 S. Boulevard, Bx... A D. DWG; (9-10-06) 9-5-13 
Green, Florence (Mrs.), 165 Prospect Pk. 

W., Bn A Sewg (Ch), MT; (2-1-06) 2-1-10 

Green, Helen, 5 Dongan, Elmhurst, L. I.. A Sp G Fig; 9-9-10 

Green, John C, Jr., 544 W. 157th, Mn A Shopwork, Bwk; (11-1-04) 9-lS-lO 

Green, Mary P., 493 Washington Ave., Bn. A PT (Ch), Bwk (10-2-05) 2-1-11 

Greenberg, Abraham B., 8 W. 64th, Mn... AMD, Stv; 10-1-11 

Greenberg, Jacob, 1680 SOth, Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Adm), B of E 

(3-13-13) 9-8-20 

Greenberg, Morris, 563 Howard Ave., Bn.. 1 A FA (Ch), Coml; (12-1-03) 

9-14-08 (11-3-19) 

Greenburg, Sophia, Valhalla, N. Y CI A, Boys; 2-17-13 

Greene, Henry, 1370 E. 19th, Bn A Sp. ED; 3-7-07 

Greene, Hugh G., 272 Lenox Rd., Bn A Coml, Coml; 9-10-06 

Greene, Russell T., 54 Highwood Ave., 

Ridgewood. N. J 1 A Coml (Ch), HSC; 2-9-Q4 

(2-8-09) 
Greenfield, Solomon C, 827 St. Johns PL, 

Bn AM, Stv; 4-1-19 

Greer, Sarah, 23 Park Ave., Mn Lib A, Wdl; 9-10-20 

Greenglick, Louis, 251 W. 129th, Mn A St Tp, JR; 9-8-16 

Greenstein, Max B., 830 Kelly, Bx A ComL WI; (5-1-00) 3-1-12 

Greenwald, Benjamin, 729 Lafayette Ave., 

Bn A St Tp, Bwk; (4-1-07) 10-1-19 

Greines, Lottie, 302 Windsor PL, Bn CI A, Coml; 11-18-18 

Greines. Rebecca, 159 Ross, Bn CI A, Bwk, 2-2-20 

Gribbeti, Helen W., 165 E. 66th, Mn A Coml, JR; (11-1-09) 3-1-18 

Griffin, Bertha L., 54 Wall, New Brighton, 

S. I A PT, WI; 10-16-14 

Giffin, Nadia, 853 Cauldwell Ave A St Tp, Bwk; 2-15-21 

Griffith, Elizabeth M. (Mrs.), 25 Burling 

Lane, New Rochelle, N. Y A St Tp. Bry; 2-16-20 

Grimshaw, Henry E., Husson Ave., Hollis, 

L. I AH, Boys; 9-8-16 

Griswold, Caroline (Mrs.), 74 W. 69th, Mn. CI A, DWC; 9-11-05 

Griswold, Clifford B., 74 W. 69th, Mn A Forging, Stv; 2-1-06 

Griswold, Edward D., 151 Edgar lane, Hast- 

ings-on-Hudson, N. Y A Joinery, Stv; (11-17-98) 9-14-08 

Griswold, Esther D., 155 W. 6Sth, Mn A E. HSC; 9-8-20 

Grooms, Mary T. (Mrs.), 667 Macon, Bn.. A E, Bwk; (2-8-00) 9-10-20 

Gross, Elizabeth H., 128 2Sth, Elmhurst, L. I. A E, EvC; 2-1-15 
Gross, Esther S. (Mrs.), 100 Morningside 

Dr., Mn A H, JR; 9-5-19 

Gross, Henry I., 315 Lincoln Rd., Bn AM, ED; (11-1-06) 10-1-09 

Gross, Irene T., 126 23d, Elmhurst, L. I... A E, Ntn; 2-3-13 
Grossman, Lena M. (Mrs.). 190 Bay 23d, 

Bn A Sp, NU; 4-8-12 

Grout, Abel J., 90 3d, New Dorp, S. I A B (Ch Sc), Curtis; (2-21-99) 

11-2-08 

Grove, Margaret S.. 60 W. 162d, Mn CI A, Wdl; 2-17-13 

Grow, Frederic S., Maplewood, N. J AM, DWC; 9-12-98 

Gruenberg, Benjamin C, 418 Central Pk. .. 

W., Mn. 1 A B (Ch), JR; 10-1-02 (2-1-10) 

Guernsey, Irwin S., 534 Van Courtlandt 

Pk. Ave., Yonkers, N. Y AH, DWC; 6-28-16 

Guiry, Lillian A., 149 E. 5Sth, Mn CI A, DWC; 4-5-20 

Guilfoy, Anna, 353 W. 118th, Mn A ComL Bry; (1-2-02) 2-1-18 

Guldner, Charles M.. 324 McLean Ave., 

Yonkers, N. Y A Coml, EvC; 2-1-06 

Gulliver, Barbara, 427 W. 154th. Mn CIA. WI; 10-1-09 

Gundersen. Lily E., 155 Sickles Ave., New 

Rochelle, N. Y A Coml, TR; 9-8-16 

Gurnee, Blandina H., 1040 82d, Bn A M. ED; 9-8-02 

Gurnee, Marie E.. 1040 82d, Bn AD, WI; (4-1-03) 10-1-06 

Guthrie, Grace, 610 W. 116th, Mn A L, WI; 11-3-13 

Guthrie. Kenneth S., 292 Henry, Mn A F, WI; 11-1-06 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 191 



H 

Haas, Arthur, 302 Convent Ave., Mn AM. DWC; (9-19-94) 9-8-02 

Hackedorn, Marion, 424 Senator, Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), BR; 2-1-06 

(9-9-14) 
Haefelin, Fanny J., 2 Claremont Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N, Y. AG, Wdl; (5-1-00) 9-9-10 

Hagar, Etta M., 70 Morningside Dr., Mn... 1 A St Tp (Ch), TR; 3-1S-09 

(9-9-14) 

Hagen, William C, 140 Herkimer, Bn A Joinery, MT; (S-1-03) 2-2-20 

Hagens, Fritz, 54 Slocum Crescent, Forest 

Hills, L. I A Sp, Coml; 9-10-06 

Hahn, Clarence W., 89 Murray Lane, Flush- 
ing L I . . A B, HSC; 9-12-04 

Halbert, Louise. 204 E. 53d, Mn A B, GVV; (2-1-15) 9-11-16 

Halcke, Hariet A., 42 Hawthorne, Bn A Sp, EH; 2-1-21 

Hale, Harriet F., 487 Halsey, Bn A H. JR; 9-8-16 

Haley, 'esse H., 2831 Valentine Ave., Bx. . A E (Chg An), EvC; (12-1-03) 

9-9-10 

Haley, Owen A., 305 E 161st. Bx A H, Ms; (9-7-06) 2-1-15 

Hall, Caroline D, 138 W. 111th, Mn A H, Ms; 10-1-09 

Hall, Ethel R., 6 Lefferts PI., Bn A El, ED; (2-2-06) 2-3-15 

Hall. Gamble, 1356 University Ave., Mn A H, Stv; (9-12-04) 4-8-12 

Hall, Harriet. 426 Sterling PI., Bn CIA, MT; 10-14-18 

HalC Helen L., 917 W. 5th, Plainfield, N. J. A E, DWC; 9-8-16 

Hall, Henrietta, 325 Decatur, Bn A St Tp, Bwk; (11-1-06) 2-3-13 

Hall, Henry Marion, 17 Livingston PI., Bn. A E, HSC; 9-9-07 

Hall, James H.. 2102 Newkirk Ave., Bn AC, Coml; 9-5-13 

Hall, Lolabel H. (Mrs.), 466 74th, Bn 1 A, H & Cv (Ch Cv), BR; 9-9-01 

(10-1-09) 

Hall, Margaret W., 416 W. 122d, Mn A F, EvC; 12-4-11 

Hall, Mary A., 1854 62d, Mn A F (Adm), EH; 2-11-04 

Hall, Mary A., 597 West End Ave.. Mn A H, MT; (9-7-74) 9-13-97 

Hall, Mary E., 483 Greene Ave., Bn Lib A, Girls; 2-2-03 

Hallman, Irene, 29 Lefferts Ave., Richmond 

Hill, L. I CI A, Jam; 11-3-19 

Haller, Ralph W.. 30 McDonough, Bn A F, Boys; 9-11-16 

Hallinan. Irene, 29 Lefferts Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I CI A, Jam; 11-3-19 

Halprin, Abraham H., 1160 Tiffany, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; (11-1-07) 

2-1-18 
Halloran, William, 141 Franklin Ave., New 

Brighton. S. I A Coml, Curtis; (2-1-04) 9-S-13 

Ham, Charles, 280 Sterling, Bn A H, Stv; (9-10-09) 3-1-12 

Hamill, Annie, 342 E. 124th, Mn A Coml, JR; (2-2-03) 9-8-16 

Hamilton, Alide H., 332 Convent Ave., Mn. A El, Stv; 6-10-20 

Hamilton, Alma L., 362 Senator, Bn 1 A FA (Ch), BR; (9-9-07) 9-9-10 

(2-2-20) 

Hamilton, Mary S., Elmsford, N. Y A B Coml (Ch), TR; (4-1-00) 

(9-14-05) 
Hamilton, Mercedes W. (Mrs.), 430 Sen- 
ator, Bn A PT, BR; 10-7-12 

Hamlin. M. Louise, 420 W. 118th, Mn Lib A, Ms; 2-15-15 

Hamm, William A., 735 E. 23d, Paterson, 

N.J A H, DWC; 9-8-16 

Hammond, Robert J., 763 51st, Bn A E, Coml; 9-8-16 

Hampshire, John W., 75 73d, Bn A E, MT; 9-11-11 

Hance, William. 29 2nd Ave.. Newark, N. J. A P, HSC; 2-1-04 
Hancock, William J., 3 Douglas PI., Queens, 

L. I AC, EH; 9-11-99 

Haney. James P., 1233 3d Ave., Mn Dir Drawing, BofE; (9-1-88) 8-1-09 

Hanford, Clarence D., Hastings-on-Hudson, 

N. Y AD, Stv; (4-8-01) 9-14-08 

Handy, Edith B., 344 St. Marks PI., Bn... CI A, Curtis; 2-1-15 

Hanks, Lenda T., 950 Marcy Ave., Bn A B (Ch), G Coml; 10-3-04 

Hanna, Albert S., Cherokee Ave. and War- 
ren, Hollis, L. I A B, Boys; 10-1-02 

Hannah, Florence, 363 Grand Ave., Bn A E, Bwk; 11-10-13 

Hannan, Walter S., 121 Mt. Hope PI.. Bx.. 1 A PSc (Ch), EvC; (10-3-04) 

4-8-12 (9-8-20) 

Hanson, Randolph P., 1356 Dean, Bn A Mu. Coml; 4-2-18 

Hanson, George C, 1052 Lincoln PI.. Bn... A E, Boys; 9-25-14 

Harding. Helen E., 229 82d, Bn A E, BR; 9-11-05 

Hardy, Anna L., 705 St. Marks Ave., Bn.. A L (Ch), BR; 9-12-04 

Hardy, Ruth G., 228 Henry, Bn AH (Ch), GComl; 4-8-12 



192 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Harley, Walter S., 498 Rugby Rd., Bn A L, EH; 2-1-99 

Harlo, Nanette F., 44S W. lS3d, Mn A E, Haaren; 9-11-14 

Harmon, Esther, 124 W. lltli, Mn A Sp, WI; 9-5-13 

Harmon, Lena M., 435 W. 119th, Mn A E, Girls; 9-8-16 

Harrigan, Joseph F., 440 Senator, Bn A PT, T; (4-8-12) 4-9-20 

Harrington, Ada, 762 Putnam Ave., T5n.... A St Tp, JR; 10-1-19 

Harris, Florence B., 8 Garden PL, En A Sp, Girls; 9-6-18 

Harris, Gertrude E., 301 W. 726., Mn A G, Wdl; 2-2-03 

Harris, Miriam, 170 McDonougli, Bn A PT, BR; 10-15-17 

Harris, Mary E., 281 Edgecomb Ave., Mn.. A M, Wdl; 2-2-01 

Harris, Sadie. 603 W. 111th, Mn AM, DWG; 12-1-09 

Harris, William H., 2515 Linden, Bn A MD, Ntn; (3-2-14) 9-3-16 

Harrison, Earl S., 107 Queens Rd., Queens, 

L. 1 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Coml; 2-1-04 

(1-1-12) 

Harrison, Ethel M., 225 W. 14th. Mn A St Tp, ED; (9-8-12) 2-1-18 

Harrow, Benjamin, 120 Haven Ave., Mn. AC, DWG; 6-28-16 
Harrow, Garoline S. (Mrs), 120 Haven 

Ave., Mn A E, JR; 2-1-15 

Hart, Albina M., 955 Grant Ave., Bx A Sp, Ms; (12-2-12) 11-3-19 

Hart, Clara A., 163 W. 105th, Mn A M, Wdl; 9-5-95, 

Hart, Edith L., 494 Jamaica Ave., Bn A Mu, WI; (2-15-97) 9-11-14 

Harter, Eugene W., 121 Marlborough Rd., 

Bn 1 A L & Gr (Ch L), EH; 9-14-96 

(7-1-97) 

Hartill, Rufus M., 5 Toledo, Elmhurst, L. I. A E. HSC; (4-8-12) 2-1-18 

Hartley, Alice C., 559 W. 156th, Mn A El, Ms; 9-11-14 

Harton, Amy M., 591 Park PL, Bn CI A, EH; 10-1-09 

Hartung, Ernest W., Beaufort Ave., Hollis, 

L. I A Sp G, Jam; 5-1-11 

HartwelL Charles S., 685 Nostrand Ave., Bn. 1 A E (Ch), ED; 9-4-94 (12-1-08) 

Hartwell, Fred W., 17 Schermerhorn, Bn... A B, HSC; 3-1-12 

Haskins, Theresa H., 299 Sherman, Bn A E, EH; (2-4-01) 9-8-16 

Hastings, Ada L., 137 W. 12th, Mn AD (Ch), JR; 2-9-03 

Hastings, Edwin H., Jr., 11 Maitland Ave., 

West Englewood, N. J A PT (Ch), DWG; 9-11-14 

Hastings, Elinor I., 7 E. 87th, Mn A E, WI; 11-3-13 

Hastings. George T., 7 Robbins PL, Yonkers, 

N. Y A B, DWG; 11-1-06 

Hathaway, Bertha F., 419 W. 119th, Mn Lib A, Ms; 9-14-03 

Haug, Emanuel, 463 W. 159th, Mn A PT, DWG; 9-12-97 

Haupt, George, 1020 E. 13th, Bn A Coml, Coml; (3-8-01) 9-8-16 

Haviland, Edith. 60 Chestnut, Bn A H, EH; (3-1-12) 9-10-20 

Hayes, Bertha F., 24 Aster. Newark, N. J.. A St Tp, JR; 10-1-19 

Hayes, Genevieve A., 42 Hawthorne, Bn CI A, JR; 9-5-17 

Hayes, Helen M., 564 Jefferson Ave., Bn... A G, Girls; 9-14-03 
Hayner, Burt A., 165 Franklin PL, Flush- 
ing. L. I A P, WI; 9-11-11 

Hazen, Annah P., 68 Washington Sq., Mn. . 1 A B (Ch), ED; 2-2-03 (1-1-12) 

Hazen, Charlotte, 87 Hamilton PL, Mn A PT, JR; 2-12-00 

Hazen, Ella M.. 520 5th, Bn Lib A, MT; 5-1-11 

Hazen, Irving A., Richmond Hill Dr., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I P, RH; 2-17-96 (2-11-16) 

Hazen, Louise C, 68 Washington, Mn A M, Ms; 2-1-06 

Healey, Helen, W., 461 W. 141, Mn A PT, JR; (9-26-18) 3-1-21 

Healey, Horace G., Crestwood, N. Y 1 A St Tp (Ch), EvC; 3-1-04 

(9-1-14) 
Healy, Margaret E. G. (Mrs.), 141 Urban, 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y CI A, EvC; 9-5-13 

Healy, Thomas F., 139 W. 97th, Mn A Coml, Bwk; 9-11-14 

Hecht, Anna, 353 Martense, Bn A B. Bwk; (9-11-14) 9-8-16 

Heermance. Emma W., 47 W. 49th, Mn... Adm A H L, Bry; 10-10-97 

Heikes, Irving A., 1061 Clay Ave., Bx 1AM (Ch), Ms; 9-12-97 (10-1-03) 

Heilbrun, Stella, 372 St. James PL, Bn A E, BR; 6-28-16 

Heldt, Francis H., 48 E. 89th, Mn A Sp, Stv; 9-10-20 

Heller, Harry, 146 W. 111th, Mn A M. DWG; 9-9-12 

Helm, Joseph R., 618 11th, Bn APT, NU; 6-26-16 

Helmken, Bertha C, 1321 Ave. C, Bn A Sp, RH; 10-1-17 

Helmuth, Lou, 39 E. 27th, Mn A E, ED; 9-1-07 

Hemingway, Gertrude C, 75 Gary Ave., 

Elmhurst, L. I A Sp, WI; 3-1-15 

Henderson, Hazel Van D., 49 Henry, Bn. . . A E, Bwk; 2-3-14 

Henderson, Pearl G., 49 Henry. Bn AD (Ch), NU; 9-6-18 

Hendrian, August W., 2463 Tiebout Ave., ^^ „,,„ 

Bx A PT, HSC; 10-1-12 

Hendrich, Paul, 941 Greene Ave., Bn A FHD, Bwk; (11-1-97) 11-4-10 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 193 

Henin, Benjamin L., 136 W. 73d, Mn A F, Stv; 2-18-13 

Henoch. S. Stella, 672 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn AD, Ms; (9-9-07) 9-9-12 

Henrichs, Edna, 632 Monroe, Bn A Sp. BR; 9-6-18 

Henriques, Maurice C, 1731 W| 10th, Bn.. A M, Stv; 10-1-08 
Henry, Margaret Y., 140 Slip Ave., Jersey 

City, N. J A L, Wdl; 9-8-02 

Herbert, LeRoy B., 276S Marion Ave., Bx. A H, DWC; (6-1-00) 11-1-20 

Hermansen, Carl C. 2085 Vyse Ave., Bx.. A PT, Stv; 11-12-17 

Herring, Alice M., 811 E. 169th, Bx A H, JR; 4-1-19 

Herrington, Agnes M., 809 Ocean Ave., Bn. A D, EH; (10-3-04) 9-9-10 

Herrmann, Anna L., 1224 Union Ave., Bx.. A Sp, Ev C; 10-1-12 

Herrmann, Hattie. 58 E. 134th, Mn A M, DWC; (2-1-93) 9-11-OS 

Herts, Alma B., Oak, Cedarliurst, L. I CI A, FR; 2-3-19 

Herts, Esther V.. 511 W. 113th, Mn CI A, HSC; 10-11-00) 10-1-18 

Hertzfield, Leonore H., 247 VV. lUth, Mn. . CI A, MT; 2-2-14 

Hervey, Mary B., 527 W. 121st, Mn A PT, Wdl; 2-2-03 

Herzog. Charles, 550 W. 157th, Mn A G (Adm). DWC; (4-3-90) 9-12-98 

Hess, Donard L., 540 Manhattan Ave., Mn. A E, Boys; 2-1-21 
Hess, J. Ammon, 137 S. 11th, Mt. Vernon, 

N. Y. A C B, Ms; 9-11-14 

Hess, Luise E., 412 W. 148th, Mn CI A, EvC; (9-14-99) 9-8-16 

Heuermann, Helena F., 287 St. Pauls Ave., 

Tompkinsville, S. I A F. EvC; 9-9-10 

Hewins, Nellie P.. 10 Ketcham PI., Elm- 
hurst, L. 1 1 A B (Ch), Ntn; (2-25-01) 1-2-17 

Hewitt, Helen F., 268 Argyle Rd., Bn A E, EH; 9-19-10 

Heydrick, Benjamin A., 900 Summit Ave., 

Bx 1 A E (Ch), HSC; 9-14-03 (2-8-09) 

Hickey, George H., 803 W. 180th, Mn A E, EvC; (11-1-06) 9-11-16 

Hickox. Laura C, 116 Waverly PI., Bn A E, WI; 2-1-15 

Hicks, Clara K., 400 Manhattan Ave., Mn.. A B, Wdl; 10-9-00 

Hierholzer, Carl O., 224 Seeley Ave., Bn... A PT, MT; 9-5-13 

Higgins, Frances C, 446 Senator. Bn A E, BR; 2-1-15 

Hiier, Fannie E., 215 W. 104th, Mn A St Tp, JR; (IM-OS) 10-1-17 

Hilker, Hedwig W. D., 75 Manhattan Ave., 

Crestwood, N. Y A E, Ms; (11-1-94) 3-2-08 

Hill. Grosvenor B., 247 Barclay, Flushing, 

L. I A E (Chg An). HSC; 3-6-02 

Hillman, Mercy A., 970 St. Marks Ave., Bn. A D, WI; 2-2-14 
Hills, Caroline M., 117 Pembroke PI., Forest 

Hills, L. I A St Tp (Ch), Ntn; 3-1-01 

Hillyer, Frank H., 302 Carlton Ave., Bn. . A Forge Work, Bwk; (9-5-19) 

2-1-21 

Himmelmann, Marie, 433 W. 146th, Mn CI A, Ms; 9-5-17 

Hincken, Elsie O.. 272 Berkeley PL, Bn A E, ED; 9-9-10 

Hinds, George K., 92 Riverside Dr.. Mn... 1 A Ace. Ec & Coml Law (Ch), WI; 

9-14-03 (2-5-17) 
Hinesburg, Thomas, 100 Kimball PI., Yonk- 

ers. N. Y A MD, Stv; (10-2-11) 2-1-21 

Hingberg, Thomas, 336 E. 241st, Bx A Pattern Mkg, Wood Trng, Stv; 

11-18-12 

Hingsberg Olga H., 1285 Hoe Ave., Bx A B, DWC; 10-1-19 

Hirsch, James A., 2690 Briggs Ave.. Bx AG, DWC; 2-1-04 

Hirschberg, Arthur, 2120 Harrison Ave., Bx. A P, DWC; 3-2-14 

Hirschberg, Samuel, 571 Fox, Bx A M, Stv (9-11-16) 2-3-19 

Hirschfeld. Samuel D., 2140 Daly Ave., Bx. A St Tp, EvC; (2-1-06) 4-1-19 

Hixon, Kate B., Pleasantville, N. Y A B, Ms; (1-19-84) 9-12-98 

Hoadley, Harwood. 115 W. 12th, Mn A L, Bovs; 9-9-10 

Hobbs, Alice E., 250 Washington Ave., Bn. A D, Wdl; (9-13-97) 10-1-12 
Hobson, George P. F., 76 St. James PI., Bn. A L, Boys; 6-13-98 
Hochderfifer, Mary J. (Mrs). Springfield Gar- 
dens, L. I A E, Jam: (2-11-99) 3-1-09 

Hochheimer, Rita, 127 E. 121st, Mn A G, (Adm) B of E; 2-3-13 

Hodgdon, Katharine I., 314 E. 21,<;t. Bn Adm A M. EH; 9-12-98 

Hodges, Archibald L., 414 W. 120th, Mn... 1 A Gr (Ch) (Adm) Wdl; 9-12-97 

(1-1-12) 
Hodgetts, Abbie S., 450 1st Ave., L. I. 

City, L. I A E (Ch? An), JR; 9-14-03 

Hodgkins, Georgina, Great Neck Sta.. L. I. A E, WI; 3-2-03 

Hoeg, Gertrude S. (Mrs.). 1280 Dean, Bn. A Cooking (Ch), Bwk; (10-7-01) 

2-2-14 

Hoffman. Alfred L.. 342 President. Bn A Coml, Coml; (2-3-02) 2-1-06 

Hoffman, Mark. 1143 Vyse Ave., Bx A E. Mt; (3-17-98) 9-14-08 

Hoffman, Margie E., 354 Henry, Bn A B, Girls; 3-2-08 



194 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Holly, Harold A., S3 Sherman, Bn AC, MT; 3-1-06 

Holman, Mabel L., 27 Pierrepont, Bn A E, Girls; 9-14-08 

Holstein. Samuel, 1211 Wheeler Ave., Bx.. A St Tp, HSC; 3-15-20 

Holmes, Clara, 206J^ W. 13th, Mn A D, JR; 10-1-14 

Holmes, Ella A., 4 John, Jamaica, L. I A B, (Ch), Jam; 9-13-06 

Holmes, Mary H., 3540 Ocean Ave, Bn 1 A Mod Lang, H; 1-31-98 

Holt, Henry L., 16 Shelton Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A P, Boys ; 9-14-08 

Holstein, Samuel, 1211 Wheeler Ave., Bx.. A St Tp. HSC; (12-1-04) 3-15-20 

Holzman, Abraham, SOS 12th, Bn A P, MT; 4-2-07 

Homer. Jacob, 242 Highland Ave., Kearney, 

N. J A Top Drghtng, Stv; 9-13-17 

Homnick, Clara, 1479 44th, Bn A Cv, Coml; 2-S-19 

Honerkamp, William E., 652 Decatur, Bn.. A Ace & Bus Pr, Coml; 2-2-20 
Hood, Edward C, SO Hawthorn, Flushing, 

L. I A B, Fig; 9-1-03 

Hood, Josephine, 920 Delamere PI., Bn... AH, EH; 2-1-21 
Hook, Edward A., 11 Winter Ave., New. 

Brighton, S. 1 1AM (Ch), Curtis; 9-11-OS 

(1-2-18) 

Hook, Mary A., 1001 Ocean Ave., Bn CI A, EH; 9-4-12 

Hooks, David M.. 11 Ogden Ave., West En- ,„ , ,^ 

glewood, N. J A PT, DWC; 10-1-12 

Hoekins, Frances L., 9 8th Ave., Bn A L, WI; 12-1-13 

Hopkins, Rupert H., 103 College Ave., W. . _ ^„ ^, ^ ,„,o^ 

Brighton, S. I A P, FR; (4-16-00) 10-1-20 

Hopkins, Waljer D., SIS E. 14th Bn, A L, Boys; 1-3-02 

Hopkins, William C, 348 Walnut, Craw- 
ford, N. J A Joinery, Stv; (3-1-07) 9-22-08 

Hopper, Herman T., Monsey, Rockland Co., 

NY A H, Coml; 9-12-10 

Hopping, Aleita, Tottenville, S. I A B, DWC; (11-1-12) 6-28-16 

Horgan, May, 1208 Franklin Ave., IBx CIA, GW; 9-10-20 

Horton, Ralph E., 133 S. 7th Ave., White- 

stone, L. I AC, HSC; 2-8-15 

Horwitt, Pauline, 14 New, Far Rockaway, 

L i A Sp, JR; 10-1-17 

Horwitz, Max, 171 E. Broadway, Mn A E, Stv; (4-3-11) 9-11-16 

Hotaling, Ethelwyn D. (Mrs.), Chichester 

Ave., Richmond Hill, L. I A E, RH; 10-14-14 

Hough, Jean M., 20 Ketcham PL, Elmhurst, 

L. I. A F, Ntn; 9-8-16 

Houley, Elizabeth C, SS4 Jefferson Ave., Bn. A Coml (Ch), Bwk; 4-8-12 
Hourihan, Daniel B., 37 Park PL, New 

Rochelle, N. Y AH, DWC; 2-19-17 

House, Nathan C, 500 W. 176, Nm A E, Haaren; 11-1-17 

Houston, Jessie F., 616 Williams, East Or- 

ange, N. J AM, DWC; 9-9-10 

Hovey. Horace M., 2025 Broadway, Mn A M, DWC; 9-9-12 

Howard, Charlotte B., 47 W. 91st, Mn.... A L, Wdl; 9-14-03 

Howard, William N.. 93 Melbourne Ave., ^ ^_ _ ^_. 

Mamaronek, N. Y A PT, Stv; 2-1-15 

Howe, Alice C, 27S Ocean Ave., Bn A Sp (Ch), EH; 9-14-08 

Howe, Charles B.. Crestwood, N. Y 1 A Mech Arts, Haaren; 2-1-OS 

Howes, Emily H., 7 W. 92d, Mn ^ f ' t^= ^q^'I^aq 

Hoy, Elizabeth R., 17 W. 8th, Mn A L, ED; 9-14-08 

Heylman, Emma Adel, 395 Ft. Washington niii^ 

Ave.; Mn CI A, Wdl; 9-11-14 

Hubert, Marie R., 60 W. 10th, Mn 4" JVt^^tJ ^^"Vi^oi 

Hubbard, Florence. 126 E. 10, Mn A FHD, Boys; 2-1-21 

Hubbard, Marion L., 2226 Loring PL, Bx. . A F, EvC; 2-16-14 

Hubbard, Ruth E., 1138 Bergen, Bn A ConilRH; 9-17-06 

Hughan, Jessie W., 378 Grand Ave., Bn.... A E, GW; 9-9-10 

Hughes, C. Carl, Cliffside, N. J A ComL HSC; 9-14-08 

Hufhes Charles' E., 474 8th, Bn A B (Chg An) , Boys; 3-5-07 

Hughes, Francis T., 303 E. Sth, Bn 1 A » (Ch). Boys; (10-1-00) 10-3-07 

Hughes, Rosalie M., 133 E. 43d, Mn...... CI ^'.^J.^! ^i^4^ii^^ ^^"^'^^ 

Huguenin, Charles W., 430 W. 119th, Mn.. A F, Wdl; 9-14-11 

Humason. Thomas A., 235 Brooklyn Ave., ^ ^ ^ ^^^^^ ^^^. ^^^^.05) 1-1-12 

^^ (9-9-12) 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 195 

Hummel, Francis M., 182 Beechwood Ave., 

New Brigliton, S. I AG, Curtis; 9-S-13 

Humphrey, Ethel M., 1277 Hoe Ave., Bx... A St Tp, Girls; 2-3-19 
Humphries, George F., 100 Buckingham Rd., 

Nepperhan Hts., Yonkers. N. Y A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; 2-1-07 

Humphries, L. Kyle, 318 W. 57th Mn A Ec, Coml; 11-1-20 

Huncke, Helen F. (Mrs.), 383 St. John's |..'-*. - 

Jl., Bn Lab A B. WI; 11-1418 

Hunt, Arthur E., 82 Hawthorn, Bn 1 AB (Ch), MT; 9-13-97 (10-1-06) 

Hunt, Lucille R., 227 Macon, Bn A Coml, BR; 6-28-16 

Hunt^ Mabel M.. 509 W. 122d, Mn A G. Ms; (11-1-05) 9-11-14 

Huntington, Belle, 187 Madison, Bn A PT, Girls; 11-1-07 

Hurlbut, Martha A., 426 E. 26th, Mn A D, WI; 9-14-03 

Hurty, Kathleen E., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn. A B, EH; 9-14-08 

Hurwitz, Joseph. 575 W. 159th, Mn A M, HSC; (2-3-03) 9-8-16 

Hurwitz, Marie, 4215 12th Ave., Bn A E, NU; 9-10-20 

Hutchinson, Helen S., 363 Grand Ave., Bn.. AD (Ch), Bwk; (9-6-12) 2-3-13 

Hutton Sarah E., 67 W. 106th, Mn A B, Coml; (2-1-06) 10-14-19 

Hyde, Charles W., 423 W. 120th, Mn A F, DWC; 11-1-13 

Hyde, Isabella. 125 Washington PI., Mn... 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), JR; 9-23-98 

(9-1-14) 

Hynes, Katherine M., 150 E. 49th, Mn CI A, Fig; 11-14-18 



Illich, Louis L., 715 Tilden. Bx AC, GW; (10-304) 9-11-10 

Ingalls, Margaret L.. 432 Macon, Bn AM, Girls; 7-1-94 

Inmaii, Charles G., 166th and Boston Rd., Bx. A B, Ms; 9-11-14 

Innerman. Mary I., 305 E. 30, Bn A PT, MT; (11-1-06)2-1-21 

Isles, Edith W., 846 Hancock, Bn CIA, BR; (2-5-16) 11-3-19 

Isles, Maude M., 424 Senator, Bn AD, BR; 9-11-14 



Jackson, Agnes E., 646 W. lS8th, Mn A St Tp, GW; 3-2-14 

Jackson, Eugene, 1776 Weeks Ave., Bx A G, DWC; 9-11-11 

Jacob, A. Gertrude, 13 HoUis Ct., Hollis, 

L. I A PT (Ch), Jam; 9-11-05 

Jacobia, Spencer P., 303 E. 161st, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; (9-4-98) 

9-9-12 

Jacobs, Leo, 28 Second PI., Bn A H, Boys; (3-2-03) 3-1313 

Jacobs, Morris L., 116 W. 121st, Mn A Sp, Stv; 10-3-17 

Jacobson, A. George, 109 Flushing Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A PT, RH; 11-1-17 

Jacobson, Harry, 231 E. 118th, Mn A MD, MT; (10-3-04) 9-12-10 

Jacobson, Walter, 977 Tiffany, Bx A Coml (Ch), ED; (11-3-02) 

12-18-11 

Jacoby, Henry, 635 E. 6th, Mn A E, Stv; 3-15-20 

Jaggard, Alice, 8797 118th, Richmond Hill, 

L. I A L, Ntn; 9-8-16 

Jahr, Alfred D., 426 E. 79th, Mn A M, MT; 9-10-20 

Jameson, Jennie D., 15 W. 12th, Mn A Cooking, WI; (9-12-04) 2-11-10 

Janes. Arthur L., 275 Clinton Ave., Bn P, Boys; 9-12-98 (9-6-16) 

Jaquish. Ben M., 782 18th, Bn A M C, EH; 9-10-00 

Jarat, Abraham, 968 Whitlock Ave., Bx A Sp, Stv; (9-12-04) 9-6-18 

Jaffe, Lewis H., 438 4th, Bn A Cv, NU; 4-4-20 

Jarck, Else A., 766 E. 138th, Bx CI A, Ms; 2-1-15 

Jason, Simon J., 446 Fort Washington Ave., 

Bx A Coml. EvC; (4-1-07) 11-3-13 

Jeffords, Clyde R., 19 Union Pk. Ave., 

Jamaica, L. 1 1 A Class Lang (Ch), Ntn; 9-11-05 

(2-2-20) 

Jeffs, Eva E., 18 Buckingham Rd., Bn AM, EH; 2-3-13 

Jenkins, Anna S., 427 Nostrand Ave.. Bn. . . A L (Ch Mod Lang) GComl; 9-22-98 
Jenkins, Caroline E., 13 Winans, East Or- 
ange, N. J A Cv, WI; (9-11-08) 10-1-19 

Jenkins, Clyde C, 594 Park PI.. Bn A Coml, Coml; 4-29-18 

Jenks, Paul R., 41 Mitchell Ave., Flushing, 

L. 1 1 A Class Lang (Ch), Fig; 2-4-01 

(9-4-07) 



196 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Jenner, William A., 126 Lefferts PL, Bn... 1 A Class Lang (Ch), NU; 9-13-06 

(2-5-17) 
Jenness, Jennie M., 1115 Prospect PI., Bn.. AC Girls; 9-1-94 

Jennison, Emily M., 1013 Prospect PL, Bn.. A M (Ch), FR; 10-3-04 

Jennison, Harry A., 3 W. 194th, Mn A Mu (Ch), DWC; 6-28-16 

Jeschke, Martha L., Bay view Ave., Cedar- 
hurst, N.Y A St Tp, FR; 2-5-13 

Jewell, Edith, 126 Willoughby Ave., Bn A M, Girls; 9-9-10 

Jewell, Marion D., 416 Putnam Ave., Bn.. A H, Boys, 9-10-20 

Johnson, Albert A., 20 Forest, Corona, L. I. A PT, Ntn; (4-1-07) 10-1-17 

Johnson, Ellis A.. 74 Hart, Bn AM, Boys; 9-7-17 

Johnson, Estella M., Gardens Apt., Forest 

Hills, L.I A L, RH; 10-5-04 

Johnson, Harriet M. B., Union Sq. Hotel, 

Mn A Sewg, WI; (2-1-06) 3-2-14 

Johnson, Julius M., 179 S. Pleasant Ave., 

Ridgewood, N. J 1 A B (Ch), Bwk; 10-1-02 (1-1-12) 

Johnson, Leslie A., Murray Hill, N. J A P, Stv; (11-1-07) 10-1-09 

Johnson, K. Courtney, 461 W. 22d, Mn A E, WI; 9-11-14 

A P, Stv; (11-1-04) 10-1-09 

Johnson, Margaret E., 168 Hancock, Bn... A M, ED; 6-28-16 

Johnson, Marion, 591 Park PL, Bn CIA, EH; 9-4-12 

Johnson, Mary H., 512 W. 123d, Mn A E, WI; 9-8-02 

Johnson, Walter R., 165 W. 129th, Mn A E, DWC; (9-12-04) 2-3-13 

Johnston, Marie L., 68 Kingsland Ave., Elm- 
hurst, L. I A E, Bry; (4-3-11) 9-10-20 

Johnston, Henry, 1036 E. 10th, Bn A E, Boys; 9-11-05 

Johnston, Ina W., 12 Clifton PL, Bn A D G (Ch), GComl; (11-2-06) 

9-11-11 

Jonas, J. B. Edward, 529 W. 179th, Mn. . . 1 A Mod Lang (Ch G) DWC; 

9-11-11 (9-9-14) 
Jonas, Louis, 230 Hillside Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A ComL HSC; (10-3-04) 2-3-13 

Jones, Blanche A., 1594 Hayes Ave., Elm- 
hurst, L. I A E, Fig; 2-2-14 - 

Jones, Dais" M., 804 Park PL, Bn A E, Coml; 4-15-18 

Jones, Frances E., 31 Seaman Ave., Mn A E, GW; 9-10-06 

Jones, Frederick B., 135 Warwick, Bn A L, Boys; 10-1-09 

Jones, C. Hubert, 29 Overhill PL, Yonkekrs, 

NY A H, TR; (3-11-12) 9-5-19 

Jones, May T. (Mrs.), Bayside, L. I A E, Bwk; 9-9-10 

Jones, Walter R., 369 St. Johns PL Bn.... A M, MT; 9-11-11 
Jordan, C. Victor, 10 Amherst Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A B, Boys; (11-20-01) 9-11-14 

Joseph, Myrtle J., 514 W. 122d, Mn A G, Bry; 9-11-11 

Joslyn, Rosamund, 112 Hardenbrook Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I Lib A, Jam; 3-15-11 

Jud, Friedolina C, 119 Franklin, Jersey 

City, N. J Lab A B, Girls; 10-2-16 

Judge, Anna G., 235 W. 75th, Mn A Mu (Ch), Wdl; (11-3-97) 9-8-02 

Junge, Antonie H., 685 Nostrand Ave., Bn., AG Gr, Girls; (10-14-89) 7-1-95 

K 

Kahn, Jennie, 203 W. 117th, Mn A St Tp, JR; (12-2-07) 11-3-13 

Kaine, Joseph M., 182 Macon, Bn A B, Boys; (9-6-07) 2-3-13 

Kalman, Lasser, 2035 Creston Ave., Bx A Ace & Bus Pr, HSC; 3-1-20 

Kane, Edwin A., 460 W. 144th. Mn A El, HSC; 2-1-15 

Kane, James J., 266 Jay St.. Bn A EL Bwk; (10-3-04) 10-19-14 

Kane! Julia A., 371 W. 117th, Mn A F GW,; (1-1-96) 11-3-19 

Kane, Thomas F., 15 Kenmore PL, Bn A M, Curtis; 9-28-98 

Kane, Thomas F., 35 Clarkson, Bn A E, Stv; 2-2-20 

Kanwit, Harris, 20 Thompson PL, Lynbrook, . ,^, . „„ ,„ „ „^^ „^,. 

N. Y. A Coml (Ch), RH; (9-8-05) 9-2-14 

Kanzer, Edward M., 1512 Union, Bn A Ace & Bus Pr, Bwk; (11-1-06) 

9-5-19 

Kaphan, Ludwig, 1611 11th Ave., Bn 1 A H (Ch), FR; (2-8-09) 2-9-11 

(2-2-20) 
Kaplan, Abraham A., 2147 Honeywell Ave., 

^Bx! A Sp, HSC; (4-1-08) 9-10-20 

Kaplan, Isaac F., 516 Euclid Ave., Bn A F, Stv; 2-3-19 

Kaplan, Isabel D., 772 Lafayette Ave., Bn.. CI A, Coml; 4-1-19 

Kaplan, Samuel R., 1777 E. 14th, Bn AM, Boys; 4-10-19 

Kaplowitz, Mauriccj 397 Chester, Bn AM, Boys; 2-2-20 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 197 

Katz. Henry D., 387S Broadway, Mn A Coml, WI; (10-3-04) 2-2-14 

Katz, Milton J., 510 W. 184th, Mn A B, Boys; (4-8-12) 9-11-16 

Kauffman, William A., 183 Keap, Bn A P (Ch P Sc), ED; 1-1-04 

Kaufman, Morris, 8629 24tli Ave., Bn A PT, DWC; (10-15-14) 9-11-16 

Kaufman, Paul D A Sp, DWC; 11-1-20 

Kavanagh. Edward J., 2409 Grand Ave.. Bx. A L. GW; (11-4-03) 2-1-lS 

Kaylin, Alexander, 265 E. 194th, Mn A (Mdse & Sales), Haaren; (2-3-13) 

10-1-19 

Kean, C. Warren, 140 High St., Leonia, . ^ ^ ,^, , ^^^^ ,„.,,. 

N.J A St Tp (Ch), HSC; 10-2-16 

Keane. Thomas W., Hotel Endicott, 81st and 

Broadway, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, Coml; 9-10-20 

Keane, Thelma B (Mrs.), 81st and Colum- 
bus Ave., Mn A PT. TR; (1-5-14) 11-1-17 

Kearney, Maurice W., 606 72d, Bn A P (Ch P Sc), BR; 9-9-12 

Keck. Fred R., 352 Argyle Rd., Bn AM, EH; 10-1-09 

Keenan, Irene D., 645 10th, Bn A St Tp, BR; 2-5-17 

Keenan, Patrick T, 768 Hancock, Bn A Cv, MT; (9-17-00) 11-1-20 

Keener, Robert H., 209 W. 97th, Mn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), EvC; 3-1-05 

(9-11-11) 
Keiewin, Henry W., 24 N. 9th Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A M (Chg An), EvC; 5-1-02 

Kelban. Sophia. 159 13th Ave.. Astoria, L. I. A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; 3-15-20 

Keil. Minnie, 234 W 129th, Mn A Plcmt Invest. WI; 4-9-17 

Kelley, Charles B. L., 51 McDonough, Bn. A C, Coml; 10-2-16 
Kelley, Edith A., 90 Morningside Dr., Mn.. A F, JR; 9-11-14 
Kelley, Frank B., 455 Madison Ave., Eliza- 
beth. N. J AH, DWC; 9-1-99 

Kelley, Mary A., 519 W. 121st, Mn A Coml, RH; (5-1-01) 2-5-17 

Kellocig, Raymond N., 2364 Valentine Ave.. 

Bx A El (Ch), Ms; 9-12-04 

Kelly, David F., 215 E. 238th, Bx AM, GW; 9-10-06 

Kelly, Edwin M., 168 Wilson, Bn A E, Stv; 4-1-18 

Kelly, John F., 340 E. 142d, Bx A St Tp, EvC; 4-1-19 

Kelly, Katherine, 696 West End Ave., Mn. A E, DWC; 11-1-20 

Kelsey, Lucile F., 620 W. 116th, Mn A E, Wdl; 2-3-13 

Kelsey, Louise H., 150 E. 3Sth. Mn A M, Wdl; 9-12-98 

Kcmlo. Elizabeth W., 346 Macon, Bn A E, MT; 2-1-18 

Kennedy, Anna J., 179 Crown, Bn A H (Ch), GComl; 10-1-09 

Kennedy,Agnes P., 33 Convent Ave., Mn... A St Tp, JR; 11-3-13 

Kennedy, Harold M.. 447 74th, Bn A E, NU; 2-16-20 

Kennedy, Mary, 1024 Hudson, Hoboken, N.J. A Cv, Stv; 3-1-20 

Kennedy, Patrick J., 988 Greene Ave.. Bn.. A M, Boys; 11-15-07 (2-2-20) 

Kennedy, Paul A., 311 6th Ave., Bn A E, EH; 2-2-20 

Kenny, Mary, 419 W. 119th. Mn A E, JR; 4-25-18 

Kent, Fannie A. (Mrs.), Hollis Court Blvd., 

Jamaica. L. I A Coml, Jam; 9-8-02 

Ker. Bertha L., 119 Washington PI A PT, Curtis; 2-2-20 

Kerby, Joseph J., 929 Marcy Ave., Bn A Sp, Boys; (11-1-06) 9-14-17 

Kerby, Joseph J A Sp, Boys; (11-1-06) 4-1-21 

Kerr, Edna B. (Mrs.), 549 E. 86th, Mn A E, Ms; 6-28-16 

Kerr, Frank E., 245 Heberton Ave., Port 

Richmond. S. I A Ec, Curtis; (11-15-07) 9-9-12 

Kersey, P. Joseph, 11 E. Smith, Freeport, A PT, Boys; 2-4-15 

Kesslej:, Harry, 247 2d. Mn A Coml, Ms; (9-9-10) 2-1-15 

Ketchum, Daisy T., 629 W. 135th, Mn A D, Girls; 9-11-05 

Ketchum, Roland, 32 DeKalb Ave., White 

Plains, N. Y A E. Ms; 2-1-15 

Keves, Rowena K., 260 Gates Ave., Bn 1 A E (Ch), Haaren; 2-2-03 (9-8-20) 

Kibby, Warren J., Caxton Ave., St. Albans, 

L. I A Coml, Coml; 3-1-12 

Kilburn, Florence M., 1224 Pacific, Bn 1 A Ace & Coml Law (Ch), GComl; 

(9-8-02) 9-5-19 
Killen, Arthur H., 521 Laburnum Ave., 

Flushing, L. I A P, Fig; 11-11-07 

Kibby, Minnie R. (Mrs.), Caxton Ave., St. 

Albans, L. I A E, Jam; 11-2-08 

King, Cyrus A., 387 E. 5th, Bn 1 A B (Ch), EH; 10-1-02 (2-1-07) 

King, Elizabeth Edwards. 404 W. 115th. Mn. A E, Wdl; 11-2-98 

King, Helen L., 195 Claremont Ave., Bn... A L, ED; 2-1-07 

King, Marie B., 225 W. 14th, Mn A E. JR; 9-11-14 

King, Melville S., 145 Fair, Paterson, N. J. A Coml, HSC;2-l-06 
King. Patrick F.., 75 Harrison, Stapleton, 

S.I A Sp, DWC; (11-107) 10-2-16 



198 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Kinrgsbury, George H., Medina PL, Elm- 
hurst, L. I. A Physiog, Ntn ; 9-1-98 

Kingsbury, Mary A., 117 St. Johns PL, Bn. Lib A, EH; .6-1-00 
Kinnan, Madeline, 18 Clifford Ave., Pel- 
ham, N. Y A St Tp, WI; 9-9-12 

Kinnan, Wilmer, The Stuyvesant, New 

Brighton, S- I A Ace & Bus Pr, Curtis; 3-1-21 

Kinney, Patrick R., 1773 Washington Ave., 

Bx A E, DWC; (10-1-03) 2-S-17 

Kinoy, Albert, 1050 Forest Ave., Bx A PT. Boys; 9-10-20 

Kip. Arthur R., 208 Madison, Bn 1 A Coml, Coml; 2-21-99 (12-1-11) 

Kirby, J. Albert, Flushing, L. I A Coml, HSC; 9-10-09 

Kirkman, Loulie R., 39 W. 11th, Mn A H, WI; (2-1-98) 9-6-18 

Kirkpatrick, James D., 35 CliiT Ave., Yon- 

kers, N. Y A E, HSC; 2-1-15 

Kirkpatrick, T. Bruce, 1120 Amsterdam Ave., 

Mn 1 A PT (Ch), Ntn; 9-11-16 (3-2-20) 

Kiser, Frederick G., 1401 Bayview Ave., In- 
wood, N. Y A Coml, FR; 9-11-14 

Kiso, Freda, 8414 114th, Richmond Hill, L.I. A Sp G, ED; 10-14-12 

Kiso, Paula, 8414 114th, Richmond Hill, L. I. CI A, RH; 9-5-19 

Kissane, Thomas, 1122 Hancock, Bn A Sp, Stv; 1-5-20 

Kivlen, Maude D.. 129 W. 11th, Mn A H, WI; (2-1-10) 3-21-13 

Klafter, Simeon H., 419 W. 129th. Mn A G, Stv; 10-3-11 

Klees, C. Mathilde, 666 Lexington Ave., Mn. A St Tp. WI; (2-12-94) 2-3-13 

Klein, Anthony W., 931 Fox, Bx 1 A Ace & Coml Law (Ch), Fig; 

(10-9-99) 9-5-13 (2-3-20) 

Klein, Edward C, Arverne, L. I A Coml, JR; (10-2-03) 9-11-16 

Klein, Leopold, 137 West 119th. Mn A G, Boys; 9-11-14 

Klein, Margaret A., 40 Morningside Ave., 

Mn A E, Fig; 2-1-10 

Klein, Morris, 152 W. 98th, Mn A D, DWC; (9-12-04) 2-3-13 

Klein. Nelson S., 565 \y. 139th, Mn A B, DWC; 2-5-17 (2-2-20) 

Klo.ck, Claude W., Demarest, N. J A B DWC; 2-5-17 (2-2-20) 

Knapp, Annie M., 11703 Fulton, Richmond 

Hill, L. I AH, RH; 11-5-09 

Kneil, Margaret M., 427 Nostrand Ave., Bn. Lib A, Girls; 9-5-19 
Knickerbocker, Edwin V., 393 Edgecombe 

Ave., Mn A E, EvC; (10-21-01) 11-1-12 

Knowlson, Walter S., 390 East 21st, Bn... A H, EH; 11-1-10 

Knowlton, Mary E., Bronxville, N. Y A E, Ms; 9-9-10 

Knox, Antoinette. 25 Virginia Ave., Pougli- 

keepsie. N. Y AH, Coml; 9-10-20 

Knox. Charlotte G., 828 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A E. Ms; (10-1-92) 9-11-99 

Knox, Jaxon, 195 Claremont Ave., Mn A E, DWC; 2-1-06 

Knox. T. Harry, 343 Washington, Glen 

Ridge, N.J A D, Stv; (9-1-88) 9-12-04 

Koch, Ernest H., 208 N. Maple Ave., E. 

Orange, N. J AM, HSC; 9-5-13 

Konermann, Helene V., 138 W. 4th. Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A F, G, Ms; 2-1-00 

Koopman, S. Bernard, 940 Ogden Ave., Bx. 1 A Ace & Coml Law (Ch), HSC; 

2-1-10 (2-2-20) 

Korey. Abraham J., 334 E. 2Sth, Bn A E, Boys; (1-4-04) 2-2-14 

Korn. E. Mildred F. (Mrs.), 49 W. 90th, 

Mn A EL DWC; 11-3-19 

Kramer, Edna P., 50 W. 77th, Mn A E, JR; (2-11-10) 9-8-16 

Kramer, Herman, 119 Elwood PL, Plainfield, 

N.J A Coml, Bry; (11-1-05) 2-1-15 

Kramlich, Emma F., 175 W. 79th, Mn A Mu, EvC; (3-14-12) 9-10-20 

Krane, Daniel G.. 186 Lenox Ave., Mn... A E, DWC; 2-5-17 
Krause, Arthur K., 2743 Kingsbridge Ten, 

Bx A M. DWC; 9-9-10 

Krause, Carl A., 1042 Sterling PL, Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Jam; 2-1-04 

(1-1-12) 

Kraker, Goldie, 288 W. 147th, Mn CI A. WI; 2-2-14 

Krebs, Matilda F., 154 E. 91st, Mn A PT. JR; (10-1-95) 10-2-16 

Krellenstein, Ray, 604 W. 140th, Mn A PT, WI; 4-3-12 

Kretschmer, Magda, 24 Pennsylvania Ave., 

Bn A Coml, ED ; 9-9-12 

Krivulin, Katharine, 1018 E. 163, Bx A St Tp, JR; (2-1-00) 2-1-21 

Kroll. Abraham, 8543 102d, Richmond Hill, 

L. I A Sp. DWC; 9-7-17 

Krupp, Sadie, 500 W. 143d, Mn A St Tp, JR; (11-1-10) 4-25-18 

Kuhn, Adelina, 3100 Broadway, Mn A F, ED; 9-28-08 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 199 

Kummerle, Katharine M., 91 Vernon Ave.. 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y A Sp, Stv; 10-1-20 

Kupfer, Elsie M., SO W. 76th, Mn 1 A B (Ch). Wdl; 9-8-02 (2-8-09) 

Kupfer, Ernestine C, 448 Harmon, Bn A Cv BR; (11-3-13) 2-2-20 

Kiirke, George S., 2363 Valentine Ave.. Bx. A Com!, Ev C (4-8-12) 2-16-20 

Kysor, Dania, 149 W. 12th, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; 3-14-18 



Lacev, Bertha. T., Perrysville, Ind A D, WI; 9-9-12 

Laird, James D.", 3 W. 104th, Mn AM, DWC; (9-15-98) 9-11-16 

Lagerwall. Charles J., 340 E. 142d, Bx AM. HSC; (3-11-01) 10-1-12 

Lamb, William VV., 225 Argyle Rd., Bn... 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), MT; 9-14-03) 

(2-8-09) 

Lambert. Paula C, 621 W. 135th, Mn A S, JR; 3-1-17 

Lambert, Sophia W., 12 Bainbridge, Bn A B, WI; 2-15-09 

Lamm, Lucian, 618 Prospect Ave., Bx A H, DWC; 2-2-20 

Lancaster, Catherine A.. 30 Horton, Elm- 
hurst, L. I AD (Ch), Ntn; (111-2-11) 9-11-16 

Landau, Laura, 316 W. 97th, Mn A M, Ms; 9-9-01 

Landers, Leland L., 8552 116th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I AM (Ch), RH; 10-31-00 (2-8-09) 

Landesman, Abraham. 215 Audubon Ave., , . ,„ „„ 

Mn. A Cv, DWC; (11-2-03) 4-19-20 

Landowne, Julius, 2336 Loring PI.. Bx A B, DWC; (12-3-06) 9-11-16 

Lanese, Carolyn F. (Mrs.), 85 Hanover, 

Elmhurst, L. I A M, Ntn; (9-14-03) 9-11-11 

Lang, Antoinette T.. 689 Melrose Ave., Ex.. A Sp, TR; (2-1-18) 4-1-19 

Langdon, Amanda M., 157 W. 123d, Mn.. A Com! (Ch Ec & Cv), TR; 

4-17-12 

Langdon, Dorothy C, 1081 Prospect PI., Bn. A PT, Jam; (11-16-14) 9-8-19 

A H, Coml; 9-. -18 

Langdon. Ruth T., 157 W. 123d, Mn A St Tp, Bwk; 4-1-09 

Langer, Viola M., 2024 8Sth, Bn A Cv, Coml; 4-5-20 

Lanz, Jeanne M., 1224 Pacific, Bn A F, ED; 9-12-04 

Lapatnikoff. Paula, 355 W. 145th, Mn A G, Wdl; (3-1-12) 2-3-13 

Lapolla, Garibaldi M., 429 W. 214th, Mn... A E, DWC; 9-15-10 

Larsen, Isabel, 70 Morningside Dr., Mn.... A B, Ntn; 2-15-15 
Larsh, Charles H., 84 Gown, Forest Hills, 

L. I A Coml. Ntn ; 4-8-12 

Lasher, William R., 3177 Bedford Ave., Bn. A M, EH; 9-14-99 

Lasswell, Arthur C, 408 7th, Bn A B, Coml; 3-13-13 

Latham, Elizabeth B., 515 Clinton Ave., Bn. A D, EH; 2-1-15 
Latzke, Frances R., Douglas Manor, Doug- 

laston, L. I A F, Sp, WI; 2-1-18 

Latzke, Pauline D., Douglas Manor, Doug- 

laston, L. I A Sp, Coml; 2-1-18 

Lauder. Mary A., 781 Ocean Ave.. Bn A E, EH; 2-1-07 .„ „ „„x 

Law, Frederick H.. 472 Argvle Rd., Bn.... 1 A E (Ch), Stv; 9-12-04 (2-8-09) 

I-awrence, Antoinette, 26 McDonough, Bn. 1 A H (Ch), Jam; 1-31-02 (9-12-10) 

Lawton, Mary A., 160 E. 91st. Mn A E, WI; 2-3-13 

Lay, Wilfrid. 510 W. 113th, Mn A L, Fig; 9-11-99 

Leavitt, William M., 82 33d, Woodcliff-on- 

Hudson, N. J A L. DWC; 9-12-10 

I^bel, Emilie M. (Mrs.). 541 W. 142d, Mn. CI A, WI; 3-13-13 

Lechler, Pauline M., 520 W. 122d, Mn A E, Stv; 9-5-19 

Le Comte, Harold, 1934 University Ave., ,^ „.„„„ 

Bx. A E, Ms; (11-1-05) 9-10-20 

Lcdley, Charles W.. 601 High, Glen Ridge, , _ . ^ /n r, f>7N 

NT A Wood Turning, Stv; (9-9-07) 

' 3-2-14 

Lee, Joseph B., 942 St. Marks Ave., Bn... A M. Coml; 10-3-07 

Lee, Marguerite T., 66 W. 95lh, Mn 1 AB (Ch), Girls; 9-10-94 (10-1-06) 

Lee, Martha. 379 Hancock. Bn CI A, Jam; 3-15-20 

Leete, Gertrude M., 8786 Lefferts Ave., 

Richmond Hill, L. I A H, RH; 9-11-05 

A Sp, Wdl; 2-2-19 

Leffert. Ethel, 431 E. 155lh. Mn A Sp, Wdl; 2-2-19 

I^fkowitz. Abraham. East Elmhurst, L. I.. A H, HSC; (9-8-OS) 9-11-16 

Leggett, Blanche C, 611 Ocean Ave., Bn... A Gr, EH; 11-1-07 

Lehrer, Isidore D., 210 Dahill Rd., Bn A PT, Coml; 9-11-14 

Leibell, Agnes M., 23 E. 89th, Mn Lab A B. WI; 2-3-19 

Leistner, Ida, 1144 Jackson Ave., Mn A Sp, GComl; (11-3-13) 10-19-14 



200 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Lemowitz, Nathan H., 1506 Crotona Pk., E. 

N. Y A Coml, ED; (11-1-05) 9-12-10 

Lenfest, Bertram A., 130 Sterling PI., Bn... 1 A Mech Arts (Ch), MT; 9-11-05 

(11-1-17) 
Lent, Suzanne B., 524 Lefferts Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A E, RH; 2-3-13 

Lenz, George J., 244 W. 96th, Mn A Sp (Ch), Wdl; 2-2-14 

Leonard, Howard C, 789 Elton Ave., Ex.. 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), TR; (4-1-07) 

(2-2-20) 

Leonhard, Thomas S., 696 Decatur, Bn A D, Stv; 2-15-09 

LeRoy, Walter I., 186 Sterling, Bn A Toinery, MT; (1-2-08) 11-1-10 

Leskowitz, Albert, 348 Marcy Ave., Bn AM Boys- 9-8-16 

Leuchs, Fritz A.. 600 E. 164th, Bx A Sp Stv: 9-11-11 

Luetscher, George D., 8419 112th, Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A H (Ch Cv), Jam; 2-1-06 

Leasing, Edna, 1925 Andrews Ave., Bx A E, JR; 9-5-19 

Leventhal, Murray J., 1578 Elmore PI., Bn.. A M, Stv; (3-13-13) 

Leveridge, Ethel S., 277 E. Broadway, Mn.. A PT, ED; 2-5-17 

Levine, Harry, 544 W. 150th, Mn A M. DWC; 4-8-12 

Levine, Michael, 1646 University Ave., Bx. A B, HSC; (11-1-06) 3-4-12 

Levins, Julia M., 1785 Topping Ave., Bx.. A Sewg, WI; (2-19-96) 3-1-12 
Levis, Ella C, 215 Central Ave., Leonia, 

N. J A Cv, EH; 9-10-20 

Levy, Abraham, 255 S. 3d, Bn Lab A PC,, HSC; 2-4-18 

Levy, Harry A., 145 Taylor, Bn Lab A PC, EH; 9-11-11 

Levy, Helen M., 350 W. llSth, Mn A Cv, HSC; 2-2-20 

Levy, Joseph, 560 Dean, Bn A L Boys; 9-8-16 

Lewenthal, Rebecca, 53 Hamilton Ter., Mn. A D JR; (1-1-90) 2-1-04 

Lewis, Alfred H., Congers, N. Y AM, HSC; 9-11-05 

Lewis. Arthur C, 192 Grand Ave., Engle- 

wood, N. J AM, Ms; 9-16-07 

Lewis, Dorothy R., 101 E. 92nd, Mn A E, DWC; 9-10-20 

Lewis, Effie L., 44 Essex, Bn A E, GComl; (9-12-98) 4-1-19 

Lewis, Ernest D., 109 W. 45th, Mn 1 A H (Ch), EvC; 10-1-06 (2-2-20) 

Lewis, Ethel F., 69 Milford, Bn CI A, ED; 9-5-17 

Lewis, Frederick Z., 39 Winthrop, Bn 1 A B (Ch Cv), Boys; 2-21-99 

(12-1-06) 

Lewis, Isabel, 304 W. 109th, Mn A E, Stv; (9-1-80) 1-3-98 

Leyenberger, Harry W., 25 Daisy Ave., 

Floral Park, L. I A Coml (Ch), Haaren; 3-10-11 

Lichterman, Rose, 664 W. 179th, Mn A St Tp (Ch), Wdl; (4-8-12) 2-3-19 

Lichtman, Flora (Mrs), 23 W. 70th, Mn... A PT, EvC; (12-2-12) 9-5-19 

Lieb, Michael, 212 East 102d, Mn A Sp. Coml; 10-2-16 

Lieberman, Elias, 10 Bleecker, Bn 1 A E (Ch), Bwk; (11-2-03) 2-3-13 

(2-2-20) 

Lieberman, Jacob, 29 Cannon, Mn A C, Stv; 6-28-16, (4-19-20) 

Lieberman, Max, 379 Hancock, Bn A El, Bwk; (11-1-09) 9-5-13 

Lieberman, Max, 504 W. 151st, Mn A F, DWC; (11-3-13) 9-5-19 

Lieberman, Mildred. 758 Ocean Ave., Bn... A St Tp, JR; 2-3-19 

Lightcap, Joseph L., 204 Franklin Ave., Bn. A E, Stv; (4-13-18) 2-2-20 

Lind, Jacob J., 476 50th, Bn A L. Boys; 2-1-15 

Lindlar, William, 2725 Albemarle Rd.. Bn... A P, MT; 9-5-10 

Lindner, Clara A., 514 Fifth Ave., Bn A Sp G, RH; 9-11-14 

Lindquist, Harold S., 2494 Morris Ave., Bx. A Cv, HSC; (11-1-06) 10-1-19 

Lindquist, Margaret, 62 E. 190th, Bx A Coml, Haaren; (11-1-06) 9-11-16 

Lindsey, Frederick B., 124 Midland Ave., 

Glen Ridge, N. J A E, HSC; 9-12-04 

Lingg, Amalie S., 514 W. 114th. Mn A G, TR; 9-9-12 

Linker, John, 175 E. 79th, Mn. 1 A Coml (Ch), JR; 11-2-13 (2-2-20) 

Linnell, Wilhelminia A., 764 Halsey, Bn A E, Bwk; (9-7-06) 9-11-16 

Lippe, Adolph A.. 3 W. 128th, Mn A M, EvC; (10-6-98) 11-1-12 

Lippman, Louis G., 222 W. 105th. Mn A Cv, HSC; (11-2-03) 9-10-20 

Lippner, Philip, 730 Garden, Bx A St Tp, TR; (9-6-12) 10-1-19 

Lippner, Simon L., 1563 Union, Bn A G, NU; (9-8-05) 9-9-13 

Lipschitz, Berthold, 501 W. 143d, Mn A Coml, EvC; (11-1-07) 4-8-12 

Lipsks,, Abram, 1001 Faile, Mn A G, Stv; 9-11-11 

Littig, M. Josephine, 296 Lafayette Ave., Bn. A D, Bwk; (10-1-03) 9-11-11 

Littwin, Maxwell F., 1550 St. Johns PL, Bn. A E, Boys; (11-1-09) 9-11-17 

Lobsencz, Margaret, 233 W. 122d, Mn A E, Stv; (9-8-11) 9-9-19 

Lobsenz, Johanna, 233 W. 122d, Mn A Ec, HSC; (9-8-11) 9-5-19 

Locke. Alice G., 288 Ryerson, Bn AD, Bwk; 2-1-15 

Locke-Henry, Anna W. (Mrs.), 22 W. 72d 

Mn A B, Wdl; 9-12-98 

Lockwood, Cornelius W., 218 Cumberland, 

Bn A P, Stv; 9-9-07 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 201 

Login, Charles. 17 E. 97th, Mn A E, Stv; (11-1-07) 9-8-16 

Logue, Annie E., 160 E. 91st, Mn A Sewg, WI; (10-1-9S) 11-1-06 

Long, Leslie O., 27 Bank, Mn A H, DWC; 2-2-14 

Long, Reuben H., 122 W. Fordham Rd., Bx. A Coml, EvC; 9-11-05 

Look. Samuel M., 3875 Broadway, Mn A E, Ms; 9-14-03 

Loos, Richard F., ISO Franklin PI., Flush- 
ing. L. I A G, Jam; (9-10-01) 12-2-07 

Lord, Rose L. (Mrs.), 23 N. Sth, Wood- 
side, L. I A Sewg & Dresss Mkg (Ch Dom 

Art). Wdl; (12-2-01) 10-2-11 

Loring, Jacob M., Oak, Tempstead, L. I... A St Tp, Jam; 3-112 

Loughran, Agnes M., 142 Rutledge, Bn A Coml, ED; (1-1-91) 1-8-12 

Loughran, John, Little Neck Hills, L. I A E. DWC; 4-1-08 

Loughran, Vincent J., 199 Stryker Ave., 

Woodside, L. I AC, Bry; 9-8-16 

Love, Harry M., 2997 Briggs Ave.. Bx A E, TR; 9-9-10 

Loveland, Alfred E., 251 Maple, Bn A Coml, Coml; (11-2-03) 12-1-08 

Lovell, Katherine A., 260 Cumberland St., 

Bn A D, EH; (2-1-04) 2-3-13 

Lovely, Thomas, 163 Clinton Ave., Bn A H, Jam; 9-1-19 

Low, Clara L., 2226 Loring PI., Bx A Dom Sc, EvC; (4-1-02) 9-15-11 

Low, J. Herbert, 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn.. P, EH 1-31-98 (9-4-07) (4-30-17) 

Lowd, Emma F., Bronxville, N. Y 1 A E (Ch), Ms; 2-6-02 (2-8-09) 

Lowther, Maria L. (Mrs.), 435 W. 119th, 

Mn A Sp, JR; 10-9-16 

Lubin, Anna S. (Mrs.), 393 Edgecombe 

Ave., Mn A Coml, JR; 11-3-13 

Luby, Grace P., 56 Lefferts PI, Bn A L (Ch), Girls; 7-1-00 

Lucas, Hardin, 103 Quincy, Bn A E, Boys; 9-816 

Lucey, Anna M., 2538 Creston Ave., Mn.. A H, TR; 4-11-19 
Lucey, Michael H., Bay View PL, Tomp- 

kinsville, S. I P, JR; (10-9-99)2-1-10(6-13-17) 

Ludwig, Augustus, 889 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A St Tp, Ms; (1-20-98) 4-9-17 

Luft, Harry L., 33 6th, N. Rockaway Park, 

L. I A PT, FR; 10-14-18 

Lumley, Eleanor P., 381 Madison, Bn A L & Gr, Girls; 1-31-98 

Lundy, Edwin S.. 532 5th, Bn A Coml, Bwk; (12-1-03) 11-3-13 

Lupton, Olive M., 189 Lefferts PI., Bn A E, Girls; 9-5-13 

Luria, Max A., SOS W. 124th, Mn 1 A Sp (Ch), DWC; 10-1-14 

(2-2-20) 

Luther, Edith M., SOS 6th, Bn A E, MT; 9-17-16 

Lyle, Edith K., 200 Columbia Heights, Bn.. A H, Girls; 9-9-07 

Lynch, Thomas F., 286 Windsor PI., Bn... A E, Coml; 9-8-16 

Mc 

McArdell, Wesley E., 15 Argyle Rd., Bn... A Mach Shop Pr, MT; (11-12-13) 

10-1-19 

McAuliffe, Anna, 154 E. 91st, Mn AC, Ntn; 9-1-96 

McBain, Mary M. (Mrs.), 820 W. 180th, Mn. A E, TR; 9-14-08 

McBride, Elinor M., 155 W. 82d, Mn A L, Wdl; (2-1-01) 3-6-01 

McCabe, John P. J., 132A Patchen Ave., Bn. A M, Boys; 2-3-19 

McCaffrey. Philip E., 115 Quincy, Bn A Ace & Bus Pr, Bwk; 4-1-19 

McCain, Blanche, 574 Belgrove Dr., Arling- 
ton, N. J A Coml, (Co-ord), Haaren; 11-3-13 

McCain, Maude, 250 Riverside Dr. Mn AComl (Co-ord), Haaren; 11-3-13 

McCall, Carlton C, 1323 74th, Bn A MD Art Metal Wk, MT; 2-5-06 

McCarthy, John D., 2296 Loring PI., Bx A B, DWC; 2-1-10 

McCartney, Hoge, 1151 Dean, Bn A E, Boys; 9-11-11 

McCarty, Maria C, 40 Clinton, Bn A L, EH; 9-9-10 

McConnell, Marie F., 57 W. S9th, Mn A Mu. Jam; 11-5-06 

McConville, Lillian, 144 Madison, Bn A PT, Bwk; (12-3-06) 9-9-12 

McCormack, Christine, 307 E. 37th, Mn CI A, JR; 10-14-18 

McCormack, John W., 1095 Boulevard E., 

W. New York, N. J A P, Stv; 11-1-20 

McCormack, Joseph P., 1095 Boulevard C, 

W. New York, N. J AM, Stav; 9-11-14 

McCormick, Thomas, 156 William, East 

Orange, N. J AM, HSC; 9-5-13 

McCrae,^ Anne, 308 W. 107th, Mn A D, DWC; 2-2-14 

McCreary, Elspeth M., Park Ave, Hotel, Mn. A E, WI; 2-19-17 

McCreary, Herbert J., 1077 E. 13th, Bn AM, MT; 3-22-07 



202 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

McCullough, Mary (Mrs.), 135 Lefferts PI., 

Bn A G, F, Girls; 7-1-96 

McCutcheon, H. Louise, 374 Wadsworth 

Ave., Mn A F, WI; 2-3-13 

McDermott, Annie, 110 W. 126th, Mn A St Tp, EvC; 9-12-04 

McDermott, Thomas W., 206 Park PI., Bn. CI A, MT; 2-1-18 
McDonald, Genevieve A., 405 Prospect Ave., 

Bn AH, MT; (11-1-17) 4-1-19 

McDonald, H. Rosabell, 2195 Andrews PI., 

Bx A D, EvC; 9-11-14 

McDonald, John J., 446 3d, Bn A E L, MT; (4-1-07) 2-1-10 

McDonald, Mile F., 23 Randall Ave., Rock- 

ville Center, L. I P, Bwk; (10-16-01) 4-8-12 (9-8-20) 

McDowell, Florence, 504 W. 112th, Mn A E, Wdl; 9-9-10 

McFaul, Gregory B., 91 Quincy, Bn A Coml, Coml; 12-1-19 

McGee, Anne F., 201 W. 60th, Mn CI A, ED; 9-15-19 

liIcGill, Beatrice S. (Mrs.), 428 E. 17th, Bn. A F (Ch), EH; 9-10-00 

McGill, Florence E., 225 W. 14th, Mn A Coml, JR; (2-1-07) 2-1-15 

McGill, Franklin G., 432 Westminster Rd., 

Bn A L, EH; 10-1-10 

McGill, James V., 846 Lafayette Ave., Bn. A H, Bwk; 9-7-17 

liIcGinn, Catherine A., 2110 62d, Bn A E, GComl; 2-1-15 

McGivney, Virginia E., 917 West End Ave., 

Mn A St Tp, JR; 2-3-19 

HcGlue, Anna M., 2619 Bedford Ave., Bn. A PT, EH; 5-3-19 

Mclntyre, Edith A., 350 W. 55th, Mn A Cooking. Bry; (3-1-04) 2-6-08 

lIcKay, Jennie K., 88 Prescott Ave., Mn... A Sp, EvC; 2-1-18 

HcKee, Joseph V., 890 E. 176th, Bx A E, DWC; 10-1-14 

McKee, Louise. 205 Park PI., Bn A St Tp, Girls; (4-1-08) 11-3-13 

McKechnie, Elizabeth M., 1164 Pacific, Bn. A CI, EH; 2-1-12 

McKelvy, Esther A., 804 Park PL, Bn A E, Coml; 2-15-18 

McKenna, Charles J.. 22 St. Charles PL, Bn. A St Tp. Coml (12-4-11) 4-15-15 

McKenna, Mary, 155 W. 91st, Mn A M, WI; 11-3-10 

McKinney, May, 640 Academy, Astoria, L. I. A L, Ntn; 2-3-13 

McKnight, Elizabeth B., 260 75th, Bn Lib A, BR; 9-11-14 

McLachlan, William, So. Norwalk, Conn... A Foundry, Stv; 11-1-20 

McLaury, Mabel (Mrs.), 148 Steuben, Bn.. A E, GComI; 3-15-20 

McMahon, Grace A., 135 Hamilton PL, Mn. A Coml, WI; (3-1-12) 3-3-19 

McMahon, Kathryn, 1111 Carroll, Bn A PT, Ntn; 10-7-07 

McMahon, M. Mabel, 1. W. 64th, Mn A L, Bry; 9-1-87 

McMillen, Eleanor. 1 W. 101st, Mn A PT, JR; (2-1-06) 10-15-14 

McMillen, Florence, 1 W. 101st, Mn A M, Stv; 10-2-11 

McMillen, Harlow, 1647 Richmond Trnpke., 

West New Brighton, S. I A P, Curtis. 1-16-99 

McNally, Edward. Lynbrook, L. I A E, Coml; 10-16-9Q 

McNamara, Edward J., 1809 Ave. O., Bn... 1 A St Tp (Ch), GComl; 10-1-09 

(9-9-14) 

McNamara, Sylvester J., 1218 Carroll, Bn.. A St Tp, Coml: 10-1-06 

McNeill, John F., 242 Rugby Rd., Bn A E, HSC; 10-1-17 

McQuade, Regina F., 3603 Broadway, Mn. A Coml Br, EvC; (11-1-10) 9-11-16 

McQuade, Rose M., 370 Convent Ave.. Mn. A M, WI; 2-2-14 
!^^cQuiiland, George T., 63 Avondale, 

Brooklyn Manor, Queens, L. I AH, Ms; (2-302) 3-15-20 

McSherry, Lawrence J A Mac Shop Pr, MT; 

(4-9-17), 3-1-21 

McTiernan, Thomas, 436 W. 58th, Mn A El, DWC; 3-1-12 

M 

Maby, Amelia H. (Mrs.), 4381 Ridgewood 

Ave., Richmond HilL L. I... A L, MT; (9-1 108) 9-8-16 

MacColl. Grace B., 358 Parkside Ave., Bn.. A H, EH; 10-1-09 

MacGolL Robert J., 1322 Ave. I, Bn AM, MT; 9-13-13 

MacGregor, Isabel M., 102 Mamaroneck 

Ave., White Plains, N. Y AH, EvC; 3-1-20 

MacGregory. Charles C, 550 E. 9th. Bn A MD (Ch), Coml; 9-12-04 

Machlowitz, Joseph, 112 Alexander Ave.. 

Arverne, L. I A Coml, NU; 9-6-18 

Mackby, Julius C, 427 St. Johns PL, Bn... A MD, MT; (10-21-01) 4-2-09 
Mackay, Catharine B., 7 Chicago, Elmhurst, 

L; I CI A, Ntn; 2-1-12 

Mackay. Christine A., 7 Chicago, Elmhurst, 

L. I A St Tp, Ntn; (4-3-11) 2-5-17 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 203 



Mackay, David L., 1492 University Ave., 

Mn AM, BR; 10-2-11 

Mackey Arthur J., 247 74th, Bn A Coml (Co-ord), Haaren; (11-2-03) 

9-5-13 

Mac Laren, Donald C, S W. 82d, Mn A M, DWC; 9-11-99 

MacLaughlin, Helene S., 49 Hillside Ave.. 

Flushing, L. I A PT, RH; 11-3-13 

MacLean, Donald C, 738 E. 22d, Bn AM, EH; (11-1-06) 9-1-10 

MacNamara, Elizabeth, 570 Pacific. Bn A El, EH; (4-1-07) 2-3-19 

MacVay, Anna Pearl, 7 W. 49th, Mn 1 A (Adm) Class Lang, Wdl; 2-700 

(9-1-14) 

Madden, Marie R.. 211 Clinton, Bn AH, EH; 2-16-20 

Maeder, Emily L., 123 W. 121st, Mn A Cooking, JR; (9-10-06) 9-5-13 

Mageworth, J. Otis, 181 Park PI., Bn AEG, MT; (9-15-99) 9-10-06 

Maginn, Elizabeth M., 117 Montague, Bn... A F. MT; 3-6-07 

Magrane, Mary E. (Mrs), 147 W. 105, Mn. A Dom Art (Ch), Ms; (10-1-07) 

12-1-19 
Maher, Adelaide E., 18 S. 12th, Mt. Ver- 
non. N. Y A St Tp, JR; (4-13-14) 2-3-19 

Maher, Margaret J., 478 W. lS9th, Mn.... A St Tp, TR; (11-3-13) 10-1-19 
Mahnken, Florence V., 30 Victor PI., Elm- 
hurst, L. I A B, WI; (9-5-13) 11-14-18 

Maier, Augustus, 499 Washington Ave., Bn. A PT, Coml; (12-2-07) 5-3-09 

Main, Hugh D. M., Scarsdale, N. Y A FHD, EvC; (11-1-04) 2-2-20 

Male. Roy R., 3813 Ave. I., Bn A Coml (Ch). Coml; (3-2-05) 9-5-13 

Malloy, John F., 71 E. 123d, Mn A PT, Curtis; 11-1-20 

Malone, M. Agnes, 450 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A PT. WI; 9-11-14 

Maloney, Katherine E., 24 W. 95th, Mn.... A D, JR; (12-1-08) 2-2-14 

Manahan, Mary G., 34 Jefferson Ave., Bn.. A D, ED; 2-9-10 

Mandel, Benjamin, 298 E. 4th, Mn A St Tp, JR; (9-8-11) 9-919 

Mandel Bertha E., Forest Hills, L. I A E, ED; (11-1-12) 6-28-16 

Manfred, Maude E., 1356 Pacific, Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch) RH; 2-16-09 

(9-1-14) 

Mangan, Mary de C, 555 Bedford Ave., Bn. CI A, MT; 4-1-19 
Mangus, James, 14 Prospect Park S. W., 

Bn A P, MT; 5-1-18 

Manguse, William P., 56 Bonnett Ave.. 

Larchmont, N. Y AM, DWC; 9-10-00 

Manheimer, Wallace A., 2028 Grand Con- 
course, Bx 1 A PT (Ch), EvC; 9-12-10 

2-2-20 

Mankiewicz, Frank, 44 St. Mark's PI., Bn.. A G, Stv; 2-2-14 

Mann, Jacob, 1235 73d. Bn A L, Boys; 9-11-14 

Mann, Mary Lee, 59 E. 86th, Mn A B TR; 6-28-16 

Mann, Paul B,. 2293 Sedgwick Ave., Bx 1 A B (Ch). EvC; 9-12-04 (6-1-14) 

Mantel, Herman E., 167 W. 29th, Mn A G. DWC; 9-9-12 

Mantinband. Frank, 21 Bennett Ave., Mn... A El, DWC; (11-1-12) 41-19 
Marck, Sophie E., 33 30th Ave., Long Island 

City, L. I A St Tp, Bry ; 11-3-19 

Marcus. Evelyn B., 531 W. 124th, Mn A Coml. WI; 217-19 

Margolies, Fred B., 462 15th, Bn CI A, DWC: 10-2-5 

Marin, Raphael A Sp EvC; 4-5-20 

Marine, Merle. 56 W. 68th, Mn A E, DWC; 10-9-16 

Markett. Mark I.. 665 W. 160th, Mn A St Tp, HSC; (4-1-03) 2-5-17 

Marks, Ethel R.. 225 W. 110th, Mn A M, EvC; 9-8-16 

Marks. Harry M., 2048 63d, Bn A F, Stv; 2-2-20 (11-1-05) 2-2-20 

Marks, E. Jeannette, 555 3d, Bn A PT, MT; 6-28-16 

Marks, Lazarus E., 48 Stuyvesant, Mn A E. Stv; 2-3-13 

Marks. William B.. 151 Marion, Bn A PT. Stv; 10-17-18 

Marley. Ruth J.. 419 W. 119th. Mn A E. WI; 4-1-18 

Marness. Louis. 511 8th Ave.. Bn AH, Boys; (11-110) 9-10-20 

Marquardt, Florence A.. 369 8th. Bn A H. MT; 9-11-05 

Mars, Helen H., 91 Winthrop, Bn A PT, JR; 2-8-15 

Marsden. Nellie S. (Mrs.), 97 Columbia 

Hts., Bn A B, EH; 3-16 08 

Marshall, Adelaide. 166 W. 79th. Mn A E. WI; 2-1-11 

Marshall, Agnes M.. 25 Toledo, Elmhurst, 

L. I A E, Ntn; 2-3-13 

Marston, Charles W., 25 S. Hillside, Glen 

Ridge. N. J AM (Adm), Stv; 2-1-03 

Marston. Tames P.. 345 E. ISth, Mn A E, Stv; 2-1-11 

Martin, Florence I., 26 7th Ave., Bn A B (Ch). NU; 9-8-16 

Martin, Harriet G.. 116 E. 59th, Mn A E, Wdl; 11-1-10 

Martin, Paul, Jr.. 276A Quincy, Bn A Mu, Boys; (10-1-00) 6-23-09 

Martinez, Mariela C. 307 W. 87th, Mn . . . A Sp, JR; 11-1-20 



204 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Martini, Anna V. (Mrs.), 14 W. 127th, Mn. A St Tp, TR; 2-1-15 
Marty, Sara M., 37 Linden Ave., Irvington, 

N.J A H, Wdl; 9-10-20 

Marvin, Robert B., 826 Marcy Ave., Bn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Coml; 2-I.6f 

(2-8-09) 
Maschmedt, Marie, 72 Hanover, Elmhurst, 

L.I A G, Jam; 10-15-14 

Mason, Appleton A., 2545 Valentine Ave., 

Bx A PT, Stv; 2-1-15 

Mason, Lucius J., 47 W. 58th, Mn A B, DWC; 2-3-02 

Massonneau, Robert L., Jr., 12 E. 19th, Bn. CI A, MT; 2-1-02 

Masters, Raymond W., Ramsey. N. J AH, HSC; 12-12-18 

Mastin, Florence J., 358 Parkside Ave., Bn. A E, EH; 9-9-10 

Mattes, Max H., 288 Gates Ave., Bn A M, Girls; 9-9-10 

Matthews, Archibald, 63 Brookdale Ave.. 

New Rochelle, N. Y A E, Ms; 4-21-02 

Mattuck, Jacob A., 466 Argyle Rd., Bn A C. MT; 9-9-12 

Max, William D.. 208 Sterling PI., Bn A Ec, Coml; 12-1-20 

Maxwell, Rose de C, 301 Sterling PL. Bn. A El, Boys; 2-1-21 

May, Alfred A., 302 W. 22d, Mn A E, HSC; 9-9-12 

Mavforth, Valentine, Grand View. N. Y A C, DWC; (6-28-16) 2-2-20 

Mayman, J. Edward, 914 E. Parkway. Bn.. A Cv, EH; (11-1-07) 9-10-20 
Maynard, Ernest A., 17 Union Park Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A P, Jam; 9-10-06 

Mazzoranna, Adele (Mrs.), 2326 Ryder 

Ave., Bx A Sp, EvC; 3-15-20 

Meade, Mary E., 264 Serpentine Rd, Tomp- 

kinsville, S. I AH Curtis; 11-1-20 

Mechler, Walt H., 82 Seaman Ave., Bx A St, HSC; 2-5-17 

Medalie., Carrie K., 51 E. 129th, Mn A L. BR; 5-3-06 

Meehan. William, 9130 116th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A Coml, RH; 9-9-07 

Mehling, Jacob P., 141 Park Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A Coml, Ntn; 9-7-17 

Mehrtens, Henry E., 115 Sickles Ave., New 

Rochelle, N. Y A Joinery, Stv; (12-7-98)2-2-10 

Meigs, Kathcrine H., 20 Jefferson Ave., Bn. A B, ED; 9-9-07 

Meleney, Clarence E., 509 E. 16th St., Bn... Assoc Supt, BofE; (7-1-96) (1-14-03) 

Melson, George W.. 22 West 23d, Mn A St Tp, Coml; 2-8-09 

Melvin, Floyd J., 348 New York Ave., Bn.. A E, Coml; (2-1-04) 9-14-08 

Mendel, Martin, 1176 President, Bn AC, Jam; 2-2-20 

Mendell, Rose, 708 Bushwick Ave., Bn A PT, WI; (2-5-17) 11-3-19 

Mendenhall, Raymond E., 29 E. Park, 

Newark, N. J A Ec, HSC; 2-14-21 

Meneely, John H., 515 4th, Bn A E, MT; 9-14-03 

Mercado, Julio, 284 Manor Ave., Wood- 
haven, L. I A E, Coml; 9-5-13 

Merchant, Isabel L., Scarsdale, N. Y A B, EvC; 2-1-06 

Merchant, Manton E.. 220 E. 18th St., Bn. AD, EH; 9-9-01 

Merkert, Marie M., 736 Macon, Bn A Mu (Ch), GComl; 4-19-20 

Merrell, Katharine S., 1515 Mott Ave., Fat 

Rockaway, L. I A E, FR; 9-11-16 

Mersereau, Samuel F., Bloomfield, N. J A Wood Trng & Pattern Mkg, Bwk; 

9-10-06 
Meserve, Elizabeth E., 20 High, Glen Ridge, 

N. J A B, Wdl; 2-6-03 

Meserve. Martha C, 513 5th, Bn A E, MT; 9-9-07 

Messenger, John, The Inn, Forest Hills, L. I. AD (Trng Sc), Boys; 9-1-09 
Messenger, Leslie A., 103 Woolsey, Astoria, 

L. I A Joinery, Ntn; (9-14-05) 3-1-11 

Meyenberg, Ameilia, 204 W. 94th, Mn A St Tp, WI; 9-11-05 

Meyer, Anna, 2779 Bainbridge Ave., Bx A E, Ms; (2-1-10) 9-5-19 

Meyer, Anna, 2459 Davidson Ave., Mn A St Tp, TR; 2-1-16 

Meyer, E. Pennington, 66 Post Ave., Mn. . A H, GW; (9-8-16) 2-3-19 
Meyer, Hans C, 73 Herriman Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A Arch D. Stv; (4-9-17) 2-1-18 

Meyer, Irma D.. 57 E. 75th, Mn Lab A B, Ms; 4-1-19 

Meyer, Joseph H., 235 E. 79th, Mn A M, Stv; (9-15-99) 4-1-19 

Meyers, David F., 47 Ft. Washington Ave., 

Mn A E, Ms; (10-3-04) 9-11-10 

Meyers, Marjorie B. (Mrs.), 637 St. Marks 

Ave., Bn A E, Girls; 9-10-20 

Meyrowitz, Isadore, 260 Clarence Ave., Ar- 

verne, L. I A Ace & Bus Pr, FR; 11-6-19 

Middleton, Florence, 366 St. Nicholas Ave.. 

Mn A B, Wdl; 2-1-04 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 205 

Miklowitz, Harry, 149 Manhattan Ave., Mn. A PT, DWC; 10-14-18 

Miles, Dudley H., 70 Morningside Dr., Mn. 1 A E (Ch), EvC; 9-11-11 (9-9-14) 

Miller. Adelaide, 391 McDonough, Bn CIA, Boys; (4-24-18) 10-1-20 

Miller, Charles, 680 Bedford Ave., Bn A Coml, Bwk; (2-2-03) 2-1-11 

Miller, Charles A.. 2698 Creston Ave., Bx. 1 A PSc (Ch Physiog), Ms; 10-14-03 

(2-5-17) 
Miller, Frank H., 9 Bullard PI., Flushing, 

L. 1 1 A H & Cv (Ch), Fig; 9-9-01 

(9-4-07) 

Miller, Isabel, 853 Cauldwell Ave., Bx A PT, Girls; 11-1-17 

Miller, Marjorie B., 189 Sterling PI., Bn.. A E, Girls; 9-10-06 

Miller, Maud. 2126 Albemarle Rd., Bn A M, Girls; 9-16-07 

Miller, Maude, 405 W. 118th, Mn A G, GW; 2-8-09 

Miller, Myrtle H., 582 E. 16Sth, Bx AM, Ms; 9-12-98 

Miller, Rose S. (Mrs.), 56 E. 87, Mn CI A, JR; 11-1-17 

Miller, William L., 1221 Forest Ave. West 

New Brighton. S. I A E, Stv; (10-3-04) 2-1-15 

Mills, Emily W., 161 Emerson PL, Bn A E, Bwk; 11-3-13 

Mills, Joseph S., 572 Van Cortland Park 

Ave., Yonkers, N. Y 1 A P Sc (Ch C), HSC; 2-2-03 

(1-1-12) 
Millspauffh, Harrv W., 25 Greenvale Ave., 

Yonkers, N. Y A Mu (Ch). HSC; (11-9-98) 9-8-16 

Miner, Clarence E., 921 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A H, Wdl; 2-10-20 

Minnick, John D., 418 W. 118th, Mn Adm A M, HSC; 3-1-04 

Minor, Marie L., 7 E. 54th, Mn A B, Wdl; 9-12-97 

Mintzer, Joseph. 66 Stanton. Mn A Sp, HSC; 9-10-20 

Mix, R. Grace, 7211 Ridge Blvd., Bn A E, BR; 9-11-16 

Model, Charles, 427 Knickerbucker Ave, Bn. 1 A PT (Ch), ED; 2-1-11 (9-8-20) 
Moersburger, Grace L. (Mrs.), 1982 Univer- 
sity Ave.. Bx A Mu (Ch), EvC; (4-1-97) 2-3-13 

Moffett, John D., 859 E. Parkway, Bn A E, Coml; (12-2-01) 2-1-18 

Mohan, Lucy F., 401 Macon, Bn A E (Chg An), Bwk; (9-12-04) 

9-9-10 

Molwitz. Ernestine J., 88 E. 165th, Bx A G, GW; (12-1-02) 2-1-06 

Monro, Kate M., 5 Cliff Way, Larchmonf, 

N. Y A E, TR; 2-16-14 

Montross, Charles G., 25 Mountainview 

Ave., Orange, N. J A Sp, HSC; 5-8-11 

Mooney, Lawrence, 2117 Chatterton Ave., Bx. 1 A Mu, WI; 3-2-08 (2-2-20) 
Moore, George P., 723 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A Cv, Bwk; 11-1-20 

Moore, Henry C, 1755 46th, Bn A E, EH; (12-19-98) 2-1-21 

Moore, Sabra M., 101 Halsey St.. Bn A E, EH; 9-12-98 

Moorhead, Phyllis L., 320 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A E, JR ; 2-2-20 

Morales, Maria T., 3810 Broadway, Mn A Sp, HSC; 3-7-20 

Moran, Marion F., 228 E. 68th, Mn A H, EvC; 4-1-19 

Morgan, Gwilym S., 1042 Bloomfield, Hobo- 
ken, N. J AM. DWC; 9-12-98 

IVTorit? Mercedes I.. 446 E. 139th, Bx A Cv, Ms; 4-5-19 

Morrell, Henry B.. 203 Fenimore, Bn a G, MT; (3-12-06) 9-9-10 

Morrey, William T., 362 Riverside Dr., Mn. i A H (Chg An), Bwk; 9-12-98 

(10-1-12) 

Morrill, Abbie A., 677 Vanderbilt Ave., Bn. A St Tp, BR; 10-1-19 

Morrill, Frances U., 296 Ryerson, Bn A F, BR; 2-3-13 

Morris, Constance, 92 Gntes Ave., Bn A PT, BR; 2-9-14 

Morris. Edith M., 2604 University Ave., Bx. A Mu, GW; 9-28-16 

Morris, Eugene C., 813 Putnam Ave., Bn... A Mu (Ch), BR; (2-7-00) 3-1-12 

Morris, Gertrude E., 2604 University Ave., 

Bx A E, EvC; 2-5-17 

Morris, John W., 149 Fillmore, New Bright- 
on, S. I A PT (Ch), Curtis; 2-8-18 

Morris, Mary F., 616 W. 116th, Mn A P, Ntn; (3-1-12) 10-1-12 

Morrison, Grace L.. 424 Senator, Bn A B, WI; 10-20-14 

Morrissey, Alice, 217 W. 104th, Mn A PT (Ch), WI; (11-2-03) 9-9-10 

Morrow, Julie M., 101 W. SSfh, Mn A E, Wdl; 9-22-08 

Morse, Elizabeth E., 416 W. 118th, Mn A D (Ch), TR; (9-14-03) 9-10-06 

Morse, Mary J. (Mrs.), 415 W. 115th, Mn.. 1 A H (Ch Cv), JR; 10-7-07 

(11-3-19) 

Moscowitz. Bertha J., 14 E. 28th, ]\In A F, JR; (4-1-99) 4-2-00 

Moses, I. Edward, 216 E. Broadway, Mn A M, NU; (2-3-13) 10-1-19 

Moskowitz, David H., 1544 President, Bn... A M (Adm), Boys; 6-28-16 

Moskowitz, Morris, 241 McDonough, Bn.... A Coml, Coml; (4-4-04) 9-8-16 



206 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Moulton, Frances, 400 Manhattan Ave., Mn. A PT (Ch), Wdl; 9-11-99 
Moyer, Fayette E.. 87 Grove, Montclair, 

N. J 1 AH (Ch), DWC; 2-2-03 (6-1-14) 

Mulcahy, Mary A., 1105 Amsterdam Ave., 

Mn A St Tp, JR; 9-5-13 

Mueller. Ernest G., 2445 Valentine Ave.. Bx. A G, MT; (9-11-01) 3-1-05 

Mulholland, James V., 447 W. 47th, Mn... A PT, HSC; 9-10-20 

Mullen, Loring B., 917 Rug' y Rd., Bn 1 A M (Ch), Girls; 9-10-00 (1-1-07) 

Mullen, Rosemary F., 420 E. 84i-h, Mn 1 A B (Ch), WI; 2-1-09 

Muller, Ada H., 617 W. 143d, Mn A E, Ms; 9-9-10 

Muller, Catharine M., 1408 Madison Ave., 

Mn A FHD. ED ; 9-30-20 

Muller, Theodore, 543 W. 146th. Mn A B, HSC; 9-10-20 

Muller, Walter J., 8518 lOSth St., Richmond 

Hill, L. I AS, Boys; 2-3-19 

Mullin, Mary v., 318 W. 117th, Mn CI A, DWC; 11-18-18 

Mulligan, Mary C, 1242 Dean, Bn A Mu, EH; (2-7-00) 4-1-10 

Munger, Ethel T., 7211 Ridge Blvd., Bn AD, BR; 9-7-17 

Munger, Van Vechten. 7211 Ridge Blvd., Bn. A C, Coml; 10-2-16 (10-3-19) 
Munroe, Harry K., 54 Woolsey, L. I. City, 

L. 1 1 A E (Ch), Bry; 2-2-03 (9-4-07) 

Munson, Daniel G., 1052 Lincoln PL, Bn A E, Boys; 2-3-99 

Murphy, Alice, 221 W. 121st, Mn A E, Wdl; 9-1-19 

Murphy, Edith H., 1551 S5th. Bn A E, BR; (3-1-12) 9-14-14 

Murphy, Florence S., 126 Lincoln PI., Bn.. A H E, BR; (12-1-08) 9-11-14 

Murphy, George F., Plainfield, N. J A St Tp, WI; (12-1-04) 10-9-14 

Murphy, Henrietta, 204 W. 114th, Mn A Cv. Fig; 4-7-98 

Murphy, Margaret L., 148 Steuben, Bn AD, MT; (10-3-04) 9-9-10 

Murphy, Marie E., 515 W. 134, Mn AH, Boys; (9-5-13) 2-1-21 

Murphy, Thomas P., 145 Amity, Bn A Cv, DWC; (9-7-06) 10-1-19 

Murphy, Virginia AD, GW; 10-2-16 

Murray, Isabella M. (Mrs.), 230 S.. 2nd 

Ave., Mt. Vernon, N. Y A D EvC; 4-23-20 

Murray, Jennie E., 2053 7th Ave., Mn A D, GW; 10-2-16 

Murray, Jennie E., 220 W. 132d, Mn A El, Wdl; 9-9-12 

Mussaeus, Marie G., 414 W. 121st, Mn A F, Wdl; 9-11-14 

Mussey, Dela P., 672 St. Nicholas Ave.. Mn. A D (Ch), Ms; 9-12-97 
Myers, Willard L., 258 Degraw Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A E, ED; 9-9-07 

N 

Nachemov, Morris, 1451 Prospect Ave., Bn.. CI A, DWC; 9-5-17 

Nahon, Zarifa, 108 W. 11th, Mn A F, DWC; 2-2-14 

Nammack, Elizabeth F.. 110 Morningside 

Dr., Mn A L, Wdl; 9-12-98 

Nanes, Philip, 473 Hancock, Bn A H (Ch), Bwk; (4-2-07) 2-1-11 

Nearing, Elena P., 171 Union, Flushing, L. I. AM (Ch), Fig; 9-10-06 

Neidlinger, William, 225 W. 99th, Mn A Mu, WI; (4-1-10) 9-9-12 

Neiswender, Ada B. C, 809 Ocean Ave.. Bn. A L, EH; 9-16-07 

Nelson, Hazel W., 474 Halsey, Bn A E, ED; 9-8-15 

Nelson, Willard B.. 511 2d, Bn 1 A PSc (Ch), MT; 9-1-99 

(9-8-20) 

Neuman, Libby, 151 W. 117th, Mn A G, A Sp, WI; 9-11-14 

Neumann, Joshua H., 288 Ryerson, Bn A E, Boys; 9-11-16 

Neumarker, John G., 446 62d, Bn A G, Stv; 11-1-10 

Nevins, Dora R., 116 Hawthorne, Bn A M, MT; 9-11-05 

Nevins, Nannie R., 116 Hawthorne, Bn A St Tp, Bwk; 3-13-13 

Newcomb, Florence A., 225 W. 3d, Mn A D, WI; 9-12-10 

Newcomer, Harvey, 14 Lattin Dr., Yonkers, 

N. Y 1 A P Sc (Ch), Bwk; 9-11-03 

(1-2-17) 

Newman, Charles, 958 Prospect Ave., Bx. . . A H, DWC; (2-3-02) 9-14-08 
Newman, Henry J., 1121 West Farms Rd., 

Bx A St Tp, TR; 11-1-20 

Newman, Joseph, 266 W. 139th, Bn A C, Coml; (4-6-98) 2-1-06 

Nice, Madaline (Mrs.), 26 W. 97th, Mn A F, Ms; 2-2-14 

Nichols, Clyde S., 4 Medina PL, Elmhurst, 

L. I A Coml, Ntn; 4-3-13 

Nichols, Eda L., Beverley Apts, New Bright- 
on, S. I A EI, Curtis; 3-15-09 

Nichols, Newton D., 6 Compton Ter.. Ja- 
maica, L. I AM, RH; (11-1-07) 4-4-20 

Nightingale, Eleanor M., 44 Morningside 

Dr., Mn 1 A El (Ch), WI; 3-9-03 (10-1-19) 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 207 

Nightingale, Ida E.. 44 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A El, WI; 911-14 

Nightingale, Irene L., 210 Parkside Ave., 

Bn A Sewg & Dress Mkg, EvC; 

(2-1-98) 9-10-20 
Noble. Helen G., 432 Hoboken Ave., Jersey 

City, N. J A Sewg, Bry; 9-1204 

Nolan, Grace, 335 Clinton. Bn C\ A, WI; 2 112 

Noll, Anna, 80 W. 90t!i, Mn A Cv, Wdl; (11-1-17) 2-2-20 

Noonan, Raymond L., 102 Oakland Bn A E, Coml; 9-618 

Norman, Gerald F., 53 Juniper, Flushing. 

L. I A Joinery, Bry; (9-10-06) 9-5-19 

Norr, Henry I., 1893 VVashinefton Ave., Bx. Adm A M. EvC; (4-1-03) 2-3-13 

Northrop, Cora E.. 53 Irving PI., Mn A E, WI; (9-9-01) 9-14-03 

Norton, George W., 8425 112th, Richmond 

Hill, L. 1 1 A Mech Arts (Ch), Bvvk; 2-1-05 

(2-5-17) 

Note, Rosa, 326 E. ISth, Mn A Sp, BR; 21-18 

Nussey, Herbert V., 212 Kingston Ave., Bn. A E, EH; (4-13-14) 2-2-20 

Nurnberg, Maxwell, 1331 Clinton Ave., Bx. A E. DWC; 3-15-20 

Nye, Douglas D., 126 Riverside Dr., Mn . . . A Mu, Stv; 11-1-20 



Ober, Alice M.. IS E. 38th, Mn A Cooking Girls; (11-1-07) 2-1-15 

Ober, William. 1291 Lexington Ave., Bn... A Cv, Stv; (11-1-12) 2-2-20 

O'Brien, Charlotte E., 55 E. 95th, Mn A M, Curtis; (11-1-10) 9-5-13 

O'Brien, Eugenie M., 162 Hewes, Bn CI A, Bwk; 11-10-19 

O'Brien, Florence J., 171 E. 107th, Mn CI A, TR; 2-3-19 

O'Brien. Josephine G., 211 Jeflferson Ave., 

Bn A L, BR; (2-1-09) Q-8-16 

O'Brien, Katherine E., 607 W. 136th Mn... A Sp, DWC; 10-1-19 

O'Connell, Edward J., 216 Lincoln Rd., Bn. A PT, EH; (4-1-07) 9-10-20 

O'Connell, Eugenie, 354 E. 79th, Mn Lab A B, EH; 2-5-17 

O'Connell, Genevieve A., 872 E. 164th Bx.. A PT, EvC; (2-3-13) 11-1-17 

O'Connor, John P., 2436 Marion Ave.. Bx. CI A. DWC: 9-S-13 
O'Connor, Leona H. (Mrs.), 619 W. 179th, 

Mn CI A, TR; 2-3-19 

Odell, Louis S., 1827 E. 15th, Bn Adm A M, MT; 9-11-05 

O'Donnell. Agnes T., 853 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn. AG, Ms; 2-3-13 

O'Donnell, J. Emmett, 86 72d, Bn A E, MT; (1-31-02) 4-8-12 

O'Donnell, Marjorie V., 2870 Briggs Ave., 

Bedford Park, N. Y Lib A, TR; 2-2-20 

O'Hara, Mary F., 1133 Park Ave., Mn CI A. JR; 10-14-18 

Ohl. Rosina, 115 Washington PL, Mn A Sp, Girls; 9-7-17 

O'Keefe, David H., 179 Marcy Ave., Bn... A St Tp, HSC; 10-1-06 

O'Kecffe, Marion T., 41 Halsey, Bn A E. MT; 11-3-19 

O'Leary, Alice R., 1229 Madison Ave., Mn. A PT, GComl; S-3-20 

Ollendorf, Arnold O., 508 W. 42nd, Mn CI A, Stv; 9-8-20 

Oiler, Marie, 400 W. 118th, Mn A E, WI; 11-3-13 

Olsson, Nils W., 2233 Story Ave., Bx A PT, TR; (9-8-16) 2-3-19 

O'Mahoney, John P., 461 73d, Bn AH, MT; (3-1-10) 4-1-19 

O'Neil, M. Alice (Mrs.), 423 Hilbide Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A Coml, Fig; 2-1-10 

O'Neill, Edith F., 409 Stuyvesant Ave., Bn. A Coml, WI; 4-8-12 

O'Neil, William R., 214 Hicks. Bn A Sp, Boys; 9-12-10 

Opdycke, John B., 139 W. 72d, Mn 1 A E (Ch), TR; 2-1-05 (9-5-13) 

Oppermann, Melvin C, S40 S. 6th Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A Cv. Wdl; (9-12-92) 11-3-19 

Orleans, Joseph B., 995 E. 173d, Bx A L, GW; 9-8-16 

O'Rourke. Norine, 2253 Loring PL, Bx AD, EvC; (10-16-11) 2-1-18 

Orr, Ella J., 128 W.13th, Mn A St Tp, WI; 10-2-05 

O'Ryan, William P., 185 Kingston Ave., Bn. A St Tp, Coml; (5-16-01) 9-1403 

Osborn, Ralph, 120 E. 86th. Mn A B, DWC; 4-12-09 

Osborne, Louie H. (Mrs.), 120 E. 86th, Mn. A E, Wdl; (1-28-99) 2-8-99 

Osborne, Mabel E., 1159 Dean, Bn A B, ED; 3-9-08 

Osgood, Charles R., 30 Circle Dr., Hastings- 

on-Hudson, N. Y A ComL GW; 9-14-08 

Osgood, Ellen L., 20 W. 10th, Mn A H (Co-ord), Haaren; 9-14-14 

Ostrander, Agnes, 12 Woodruff Ave.. Bn... A D, Curtis (3-17-96) 1-9-02 

Oswald, Frederick, 167 Sunnyside Ave., Bn. A F G, MT; 2-1-10 

O'Toole, Joseph H., 600 W. 179th, Mn A Cv, Coml; (5-1-08) 9-10-20 

Otten, Henry D., 18 Chichester Ave., 

Jamaica, L. I A Sp, Bwk; (3-4-12) 9-9-12 



208 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Overholser, Charles E., 171 Kingston Ave., 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Boys; 2-27-05 

Bn (9-11-11) 

Owens, Ethel I., 29 Hamilton Ave., Yonkers, 

N. Y A FHD, EvC; 10-5-20 

Owens, J. Louise. BriarclifE Manor, N. Y. . . AH, Boys; (4-1-03) 9-6-18 

Owens, Lois, Briarcliff Manor, N. Y APT. WI; (11-1-OS) S-3-20 



Pabst, Grace, 127 E. 9Sth, Mn A Cv, EvC; 2-2-20 

Padve, Meyer, 618 W. 187, Mn A Cv, GComI; (1-2-12) 2-1-21 

Page, Donald T., Wood-Cliff-on-Hudson, N. 

J AM, Stv; 10-1-12 

Paget, Frances. 2059 Davidson Ave., Bx... A F, Ms; 9-11-14 

Paine, Frederick H., 185 Gates Ave., Bn 1 A H (Ch), ED; 2-1-00 (9-12-04) 

Palmer, Caroline B., 544 W. lS7th, Mn A PT, JR; 9-11-11 

Palmer, Leonard L., 545 W. 158th, Mn A PT, DWC; 9-15-16 

Palmer, Mabel B., 16 Monroe, Flushing, 

L. I A Sewg & Dress Mkg, Fig; (9-8-05) 

9-8-16 

Palmer, May T., 171 Union, Flushing. L. I. A M, Fig; 2-1-10 

Panuska, Frank C, 321 E. 77th, Mn.. A MD, Stv; 2-2-20 

Parelhoff, Bernard M., 559 W. 191, Mn A M, DWC; 2-9-10 

Parker, Isabel C. (Mrs.), 45 Madison Ave., 

Mn CI A, WI; 9-5-17 

Parker, Jacob. 566 W. 162d, Mn A PT, Ms; 9-11-99 

Parker, Margaret B., 1 W. 127th, Mn A D, Ms; 2-1-11 (4-13-03) 

Parker, S. Ridley, 28 Ormond PI., Bn Lib A, Boys; 11-1-05 

Parmelee, William J., Jr., 121 25th, Elm 

hurst, L. I A B, DWC; 10-1-10 

Parrott, Alfred F., Plandome, L. I A F, Stv; 2-1-06 

Parsons, Edward B., 488 Macon, Bn 1AM (Adm), Boys; 7-1-93 

(9-14-96) 

Parsons. Herbert H., 488 Macon, Bn AH, Boys; 2-10-98 

Parsons, Sidney T., 11 McDonough, Bn A PT, Girls; (4-1-08) 11-1-17 

Partridge, Edith J., 304^ Claremont Ave., 

Bn A FHD, MT; 10-4-20 

Partridge, Marie N., 136 Park PL, Bn A PT, ED; 11-12-17 

Pascal, Rose L. (Mrs.) A G, JR; 9-11-14 

Pasner, Samuel D., 250 Henry, Bn A Sp, Haaren; 2-1-21 

Pasternak, Jessie, 109 Montague, Bn A B, Boys; 10-1-14 

Pasternak, Nathaniel, 109 Montague, Bn... A M D, MT; (11-1-98) 2-1-06 
Patterson, George W., Jackson Ave., Queens, 

L. I AM, Stv; (2-1-10) 9-6-18 

Patterson, Mabel L., 20 St. James PL, Bn.. CI A, Girls; 4-1-02 

Patterson. William A., 359 Lenox Ave., Mn. A H, HSC; 2-5-17 

Paucek, George, 338 E. 70th, Mn Lab A, P, C, Boys; 2-1-18 

Paul, Francis H. J., 35 Bow, Forest Hills, 

L. I P, DWC; (5-18-98) 8-1-14 

Payant, Felix, 316 W. 58th, Mn A D, HSC; 10-14-19 

Payne, Frank O., 1819 Dorchester Rd., Bn. 1 A B (Ch), HSC; 9-1-97 (10-15-14) 
Payne, Jennie C, 90 Maurice Ave., Elm- 
hurst, L. I A PT, Ntn; (11-1-06) 11-2-14 

Peabody, James E., Carhart Ave., White 

Plains. N. Y 1 A B (Ch). Ms; 9-12-97 (9-1-03) 

Peabody, Susan P., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn. A L, EH; 10-19-94 

Peavy, Evelyn, 303 Greene Ave., Bn Lab A, P, C, Bwk; 2-2-20 

Peck, Emily S., 515 Clinton Ave., Bn A E, MT; (11-1-07) 9-9-10 

Pendelton, Margaret, 111 W. 190, Bx A E, GW; 9-5-19 

Penhollow, Harry B., 122 W. 114th, Mn. . . Adm A M, DWC; 9-10-00 
Pennock, Emma B. (Mrs.), 65 Hanover, 

Elmhurst, L. I A Sp, Ntn; 2-18-19 

Percy, Harriet C, 27 Washington Sq. N., 

Mn A E, WI; 6-28-16 

Perkins, Deborah (Mrs.), 1035 Anderson 

Ave., Bx A St Tp, Ms; 9-9-12 

Perkins, Fannie D., 537 1st, Bn A Cooking, Girls; (6-3-01) 12-4-OS 

Perkins. Lynn F., lOth Ave. and 59th, Mn.. A Ec. DWC; 9-10-20 

Perkins, Helen L., 537 1st, Bn A S, EH; 9-9-01 

Perrine, Frederick J., Crestwood, N. Y A E, DWC; (10-9-99) 9-6-18 

Perry, Edward O., Claremont and Walworth 

Aves,, Hartsdale, N. Y 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), GW; S-lS-11 

(2-5-17) 

Perry, Mabel L., 171 Union, Flushing, L.I. A St Tp, RH; (12-1-03) 9-4-12 

Perry, Oroli R., 163A Halsey, Bn A Dom Sc, Ntn; (3-2-04) 2-1-13 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 209 

Peters, Frederick A.. Holbrook, N. J A Sp G, MT; (2-3-02) 3-2-03 

Peters, Lucy E., 123 Horton, Elmhurst, L.I. CI A, Bry; (6-2-19) 11-1-20 
Peterson, A. Everett, 42 W. Fordham Rd., 

Bx A H & Cv (Ch), EvC; 11-1-07 

Peterson, Dorothy R., 380 Monroe, Bn A Sp, Bwk; 3-15-20 

Petrie, Jean D., 435 W. 123d, Mn A PT, Wdl; (4-21-03) 9-14-uo 

Philip, Mary I., 249 St. Marks PI., New 

Brighton, S. I A E, Curtis; (11-2-03) 2-4-07 

Phillips, Anna L., 34 Jefferson Ave., Bn... A M (Chg An), ED: (9-7-85) 

9-10-00 

Phillips, Julia Tracy, 4407 6th Ave., Bn Lib A. Curtis; 9-9-07 

Phillips, Sara J., 4407 6th Ave., Bn A E, BR; 2-14-01 

Phillips, Sidney D., 70 Post Ave., Mn A Cv H, Stv; (2-1-19) 2-2-20 

Pichel, Margaret, 600 W. 183d, Mn A M, HSC; (4-3-11) 2-2-14) 

Pick. Thekla, 41 E. 72d, Mn A G, WI; (11-12-14) 2-1-15 

Pickens, Lila, 514 W. 114th, Mn A El, GVV; (9-1-97) 3-3-19 

Pickens, Rose K., 309 E. 57th. Mn A St, DWC; 3-2-14 

Pickman, Marie A., 494 W. lS8th, Mn A St Tp, TR; (9-10-09) 10-1-19 

Pierce, Alice R., S3 Washington Sq., Mn A E, Stv; 9-11-11 

Pinard, Amelia P., 1350 Fulton Ave., Bx... A F, Ms; (9-12-04) 9-8-16 

Pinch, Minnie A., 132 Cambridge PI., Bn... A L, ED; 9-1-01 

Pincus, Max, 1244 Grand Concourse, Bx... A PT, HSC; 5-23-18 
Pingrey, Cora E. (Mrs.), 152 S. 1st Ave., 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y A B, EvC; 9-10-00 

Pintler, Hariette A., 80 Edgecomb Ave., Mn. A B, WI; (4-3-11) 2-2-14 

Pittaro, John M., 1614 Van Buren, Bn A Sp, Stv; 9-8-16 

Piatt, Emile L., 52 Hinckley PI., Bn A B, EH; (10-1-02) 9-11-14 

Pohl, Frederick J., 359 Halsey, Bn A E, Boys; 9-10-17 

Pokorny. Rudolph C, Tenafly, N. J AM, DWC; (9-21-97) 2-1-07 

Polk. Ellery C, 1095 Prospect PL, Bn AH, Coml; 3-1-10 

Pond, Harriet, 136 Irving, Jersey City, N.J. A Cooking, WI; (10-20-97) 3-1-11 

Pond, Pearl F., 161 Emerson PL, Bn AD, GComl; (9-12-98) 2-8-09 

Pons, Catherine Archer, 176 E. 78th, Mn... Lab A, WI; 9-1-14 

Pope, Seth E., 810 Washington Ave., Bn... Lib A, Boys; 4-8-12 

Potter, Harry A., 518 68th, Bn P, NU; 2-1-00 (1-25-12) 

Potter, Marion E., 519 W. 121st, Mn A Sp, WI; 2-1-18 

Potter, Mary G.,39 W. 60th, Mn A PT, Wdl; (9-14-08) 4-8-12 

Poutasse, Louis P., 312 W. 109th. Mn A Coml. HSC; 9-5-19 

Powers, Florence M., 56 Macon, Bn A E, BR; (11-1-06) 9-10-20 

Powers, Minnie M., 1236 Union, Bn A M (Ch), Ntn; 9-1-95 

Pownall, Edythe M., 545 W. 148th, Mn A E, WI; (4-2-07) 2-4-10 

Pratt. Elizabeth F. (Mrs.), 151 Chestnut, 

Rutherford, N. J A F, WI; 2-3-19 

Pratt. Marion, 112 Stuyvesant ,P1., New 

Brighton, S. I A L (Ch). Curtis; 9-16-07 

Pratt, Winifred, 296 Lafayette Ave., Bn... A D, WI; (9-19-05) 4-8-12 
Prescott, Lucy M., 1123 Bayport PI., Far 

Rockaway, L. 1 1 A Class Lang (Ch), FR; 9-14-08 

(9-1-14) 
Preston. Helen G., 20 Ketcham PI., Elm- 
hurst, L. I AH (Ch), Ntn; 9-9-10 

Price, Anna G., 145 Greenway, So. Forest 

Hills, L. I AD, Bry; (9-9-01) 4-1-08 

Price, Isaac, 72 E. 96th, Mn A St Tp, WI; (4-1-03) 9-11-14 

Primoff, Walter, 1410 Columbus, Far Rock- 
away. L. I A Coml, Bwk; (12-3-06) 2-1-18 

Procter, Harriet D., 1320 Fulton Ave., Bx. A G, Sp, Ms; 9-11-14 

Proctor, Robert H.. 80 Decatur, Bn A E, Coml; 9-10-06 

Proper, Emberson E., 478 Washington Ave., 1 AH & Cv (Ch H), BR; 2-10-08 

Bn (10-1-12) 

Puig, Louise M., 1270 Carroll, Bn AH. MT; 10-1-03 

Pugh, Alexander L., Pomona, N. Y 1 A Coml (Ch Ec), HSC; 2-1-06 

(2-8-09) 

Pulvermacher, Dolores, 719 W. 180th, Mn.. A PT, GW; (9-11-08) 11-3-13 
Pulvermacher, William Dean, 283 Sanford 

Ave.. Flushing, L. I A B, Fig; (10-22-01) 2-3-13 

Puorro, Michael, 36 Van Eicken Ave., Flo- 
ral Park, L. I A B, Coml; 2-9-10 

Purcell, Reuben R., 99 Vanderbilt Ave., 

Floral Park, L. I A D (Ch), Boys; (9-19-10)9-10-16 

Putnam, Edith C. 87 Columbia Heights, Bn. A E, Bwk; 9-11-14 

Putnoi, Ezra. 269 E. 194th, Bx A Joinery. MT; (9-9-07) 9-5-19 

Putz, Edward H., 152 E. 80th, Mn A Coml, BR; 9-9-12 

Pyle, Willard R., 125 Franklin Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y 1 A P Sc (Ch), Ms; 9-11-99 

(12-1-06) 

Pyne, Henry R., 1115 Boston Rd., Bx 1 A Class Lang (Ch), EvC; 9-12-97 

(9-9-14) 



210 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Quick, Emma M.. 135 Hemes, Bn A St Tp, FR; (9-9-01) 2-1-21 

Quigg, Helen T., 51 E. 87tli, Mn A E, WI; 11-3-13 

Quiraby, Ernest S., 244 E. 86th, Mn A E, EvC; 9-14-03 

Quinn. Edward J., 326 Audubon Ave., Ex. A Coml. WI; 11-3-13 

Quirk, Cecile B., 1066 82d, Bn A F, NU; 3-13-13 



R 

Rabus, Maximilian, 138 E. 16th, Mn A D, Stv; 9-7-17 

Radenhausen, Paul E.. 208 Martense, Bn A G, DWC; 6-28-16 

Radu, John W., 420 W. 121st, Mn A Inst Mkg, Stv; 9-10-20 

Rae, Anne M., 34 Jefferson Ave., Bn A E, Girls; 4-1-08 

Rafter, Hermia (Mrs.), 540 Carlton Ave., 

Bn A Coml, ED; 2-1-18 

Rakowitz, Samuel, 174 Bedford Ave., Bn... A F, Stv; (12-4-11) 9-11-16 

Raiman, Robert I., 248 Park PL, Bn A E (Chg An), Boys; 11-2-03 

Rallion, Harriet E., 207 W. Palisades Ave., 

Englewood, N. J A Sp, HSC; 9-10-20 

Ralston, Ella L. (Mrs.). 519 Manhattan 

Ave., Bn A Ec, Wdl; (9-6-18) 4-119 

Ransom, Minnie H., 2644 Marion Ave., Bx. A Cv, Wdl; 3-1-20 

Randall, Bernice E., 1224 Pacific, Bn A PT, BR; 2-1-21 

Randall, Christine V., 49 Hillside Ave., 

Flushing, L. I A PT, RH; 9-11-16 

Raphael. Arthur, 283 Rutledge, Bn A E, HSC; 9-10-20 

Raubicheck, Charles W., 1367 Plimpton Ave., 

Bx A E, EvC; (10-3-04) 4-8-12 

Raubicheck, Letitia E. (Mrs.). 1367 Plimp- 
ton Ave., Bx A El, JR; 6-28-16 

Ravett, Irving, 857 Tinton Ave., Bx A Ace & Bus Pr, Bwk; 9-10-20 

Ray, Medora (Mrs.), 49 Vreeland Ave., 

Rutherford, N. J A Sp (Ch), WI; 12-2-01 

Raynor, Gilbert J., 1340 Pacific, Bn P, Coml; 9-14-08 (6-1-14) 12-2-18 

Read, Edith, 1350 Fulton Ave., Bx A B, Ms; 10-1-02 

Read, Mary E.. 11917 Ridgewood Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A St Tp, RH; 9-11-14 

Read, Warren W., 4 Cedar Ct., Flushing, 

L. 1 1 A E (Ch). Fig; 9-8-02 (9-1-11) 

Reed, Edna Shaw (Mrs.), 520 W. 122d, Mn. A M, GW; 9-13-10 

Reed, Helen M., 2204 Clarendon Rd., Bn... A Coml, BR; 3-1-18 

Reed, Mary A., 159 Lafayette Ave., Bn... A PT, GComl; (12-1-00) 9-11-11 

Reed, Nellie M., 2204 Clarendon Rd., Bn... A Cv, BR; 11-1-06 (2-2-20) 

Reed, William E., 416 E. 9th, Bn A Cv, MT; (9-10-00) 2-2-20 

Reedy, May R., 44 N. 9th, Rockaway Park, 

L. I CI A, JR; 5-14-19 

Reich, Leo, 1181 Union Ave., Bx A Sp, Ms; (11-3-13) 9-5-19 

Reichenbach, Charles A., Springfield Gar- 
dens, L. I A Arch D, Coml; 2-1-lb 

Reifler, Elizabeth B., 434 E. 148th, Mn A Sp, EvC; 2-2-20 

Reilly, John J., 718 Beck, Mn A Ec, Coml; 9-10-20 

Reimers, Helen M. (Mrs.), 49 Whitestone 

Ave., Flushing, L. I AG. Fig; (9-12-98) 9-8-16 

Reinhold, Alida B., 123 Giffords Lane, Great 

Kills, N. Y CI A, Curtis; 2-3-13 

Reinke, Eva G., 540 W. 189th. Mn A St Tp, TR; 10-1-20 

Regard, Leon, 1341 Webster Ave., Bx A Ec, HSC; 6-28-16 

Remy, Alfred. Bronxville, N. Y AG, HSC; 2-21-99 

Reser, Edward N., 171 S. Oxford, Bn A D, Coml; 9-10-00 

Reese, Clare H., 478 W. 145, Mn A H Cv, EvC; 9-11-16 

Rexford, Frank A., 445 3rd, Bn AC (Adm), BofE; (9-9-01) 

3-1-06 

Reynolds, Alice M. (Mrs.) 1310 Ave P., Bn. A Sp, MT; 9-6-18 

Reynolds, Alice R. (Mrs.), 117 W. 79th, Mn. A Sewg, WI; (11-1-06) 9-9-12 

Reynolds. Frank A., 5 W. 125th, Mn A L, Stv; 9-9-01 

Reynolds, Gerald, 2464 Grand Ave., Ford- 
ham, N. Y A Mu (Ch), Ev C; 4-13-14 

Reynolds, James I., 24 De Graw Ave., Ja- 
maica, L. I A L, Jam; 9-10-06 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 211 



Reynolds, Lewis G., 103 Herkimer, Bn A G, Boys; 2-1-10 

Reynolds, Paul G. A., 12 Tompkins PL, Bn. A C, Coml; 2-2-20 (4-19-20) 

(4-19-20) 

Reynolds, Percy L., Hastings-on-Hudson,N.Y. A PT, HSC; 6-28-16 

Reynolds, Ruth, 416 VV. 118th, Mn A E, HSC; 9-8-16 

Rhodes, L. Maude, 126 23d, Elmhurst, L. I. A PT, Fig; (9-13-98) 9-13-17 

Ribber, Emma, 246 E. 2Sth, Bn A Coml, ED; 3-3-97 

Riblct, Mary V.. 130 E. 51st, Mn 1 A E, Bry; (3-1-97) (1-4-04) 

2-105 (3-1-20) 

Rice, Mabel E., 125 Washington PI., Mn... A St Tp, JR; 9-11-14 

Rice, Marshall D., 560 W. 179th, Mn A Sp, Stv; 9-5^19 ., ,. o«n 

Rice, Winfield L., 36 Sidney PI., Bn 1 A H (Ch) Boys; 9-5-13 (3-15-20) 

Richards, Ellen L., 70 Irving PL. Mn A Sewg & Dress Mkg, WI; 2-3-03 

Richards, Elsa, 530 W. 124th, Mn A St Tp, JR; 5-12-20 

Richardson, Kathryn E., 839 Jennings, Mn. A E, Stv; (11-1-05) 4-1-19 
Richardson, Marion G., 823 Church, Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A St Tp (Ch). RH; 9-9-12 

Richardson, Roy S., 387A McDonough, Bn. A B, Boys; 9-10-00 

Richardson. William C, 500 E. 18th, Bn... A L, MT; 10-3-04 
Rider, Lloyd A., Ocean View Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I A B, Coml; 3-1-12 

Riecker, William. 538 E. 88, Mn A E, Boys; (11-1-20) 2-1-21 

Riegger, Elizabeth, 1238 Pacific, Bn A G, Bwk; 2-3-13 

Riess, Ernst, 221 W. 113th, Mn 1 A Class Lang (Ch), Boys; 2-13 00 

(1-1-12) 

Riley, Eugene B., 2425 Hughes, Bn AH, Fig; 9-8-16 

Riordon, Elizabeth. 3657 Broadway, Mn A St Tp, WI; 2-3-13 

Ritter, Charles P., 2119 Regent PL, Bn.... AC, EH; 9-11-14 
Rives, Mattie M. (Mrs.), 9 Prospect Pk. W., 

Bn A Sewg (Ch), Bwk; (2-1-04) 9 8-16 

Roberts, Alfred S., 1109 College Ave., Bx.. AH (Chg An), DVvC; (2-8-04) 

2-11-13 

Robeson, Julia G.. 69 Montague, Bn Lib A, RH; 2-1-15 

Robins, Florence L., 55 Wall, New Brighton, 

S. I A E. Curtis; 2-3-13 

Robinson, Alfred T., 1344 E. 17th, Bn A Joinery (Ch), MT; (4-2-02) 

3-2-08 

Robinson. Alice M., 1035 Anderson Ave., Bx. A M, WdI;2-6-03 

Robinson, Anna E., 70 Irving PL, Mn A E, JR; (10-22-00) 2-1-18 

Robinson, Eva A., 8205 11th Ave., Bn A H G, NU; 3-1-09 

Robinson, Franklin D., 12001 St. Annes 

Ave., Richmond HiU. L. I A M. RH; 9-14-03 

Robinson, Harry W., 969 Hoe Ave., Bx... A PT, Boys; (9-5-13) 4-19-20 

Robinson, John T.. 945 E. 34th, Bn A Forging, MT; 9-4-94 

Robinson, L. Archibald, 408 77th, Bn A Physiog, BR; 2-9-14 

Robinson, Nathaniel, 600 W. 146th, Mn A Coml, Bry; (11-1-07) 9-11-16 

Robinson, Robert, 1999 Clinton Ave., Bx... A M, HSC; 9-11-14 

Roche, Elizabeth A., 2 St. Nicholas PL, Mn. 1 A St Tp (Ch), WI; (11-1-94) 

9-12-97 (6-1-14) 
Rochow, John P., 269 E. Kingsbridge Rd., 

Bx. A G, HSC; (3-1-94) 9-11-11 

Rodick, Burleigh A.. 38 Monroe PL, Bn AH, Stv; 9-10-20 

Rodkey, Edith, 79 Hanson PI, Bn A E, Stv; 4-5-20 

Rodman, Bayard B., 54 E. 2Sth, Whitestone, 

L. I. AC. Stv; (12-1-04) 

Roe, Paul E., 234 Covert, Bn A PT, Boys; 10-14-18 

Roessler, Erwin W., 418 Central Park W. ,^ ^^^^ „,^„. 

Mn . 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), HSC; 912-04 

(2-8-09) 
Roessler, Nellie M. (Mrs.), 418 Central Park 

W, Mn A L, Wdl; 12-19-01 

Rocth, Natalie S., 201 W. 91st, Mn A B, Stv; 9-12-10 

Rogers, Cora M., 71 Lamont Ave., Elm- 
hurst, L. I A E, Ntn; 7-1-97 

Rogers, Charles E., 1640 University Ave., 

Bx A Coml. HSC; 10-15-00 

Rogers, Lorana G., 43 State, Bn A FHD, FR; 2-2-21 

Rogers, Sarah L.. 32 Nostrand Ave., Bn A Sewg, FR; 12-8-19 

Rogers, William W., 26 Scribner Ave., New 

Brighton, S. 1 1 A H (Ch), Curtis; 2-1-07 (2-5-17) 

Rogin, Robert I., 427 Dyckman, Peekskill, 

N. Y AH, DWC; 5-9-18 

Roll, Rose, 201 E. 82d, Mn A M, WI; (11-1-09)9-9-10 

Roman, Louis, 429 Bainbridge, Bn A Sp, G Coml; 11-17-19 

Romm, Edith, 1335 Madison Ave., Mn A Mu, Bwk; 9-10-20 



212 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Romme, Percy E., 827 Melrose Ave., Bx. . . CI A, Stv; 2-17-19 
Root. Eva R., 730 Lefferts Ave., Richmond 

Hill, L. I A E, RH; 9-11-11 

Root, Lydia F., 730 N. Lefferts Ave., Ja- 
maica, L. I A L, Jam ; 9-8-02 

Rosanoff, Lillian, Kings Park, L. I AM, Coml; 9-10-20 

Roselle, Chilion, 502 W. 113th, Mn A Mu, Haaren; 2-1-21 

Rosenblatt, Sallie, 151 Throop Ave., Bn A M, EH; (11-2-14) 9-10-20 

Rosenblum, Abraham, Hasbrouck Hts., N. J. A St, WI; 2-14-01 
Rosenbluth. Henry, 8548 113th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A Coml Br, Bry; (12-18-11) 2-2-14 

Rosenhaus, Maximilian, 25 Clinton, Bn A Coml, Bwk; (4-1-07) 2-2-14 

Rosenthal, Daniel C, 425 W. 114th, Mn... 1 A Mod Lang (Ch), Bry; 9-1-16 

(2-3-20) 
Rosenthal, Frances C, 527 Neptune Ave., 

Bn A Sp, Boys; 10-1-19 

Rosenthal, Terese R.. 5 W. 91, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; (4-3-11) 4-8-12 

Ross, A. Franklin, 65 Kenilworth PL, Ridge- 
wood, N. J 1 A H & Cv (Ch), Stv; (9-1000) 

9-12-04 (3-1-17) 
Ross, Annie, 659 Sanford Ave., Flushing, 

L. I A Mod Lang, Fig; 2-14-10 

Ross, Herbert M., 2585 Grand Concourse, Bx. A PT, EvC; 10-1-17 

Ross, Joseph, 1878 7th Ave., Mn A Sp, DWC; 6-28-16 

Ross, William A., 728 Lafayette Ave., Bn.. A Coml, Coml; 2-1-06 

Rostetter, Alice, 438 W. 116th, Mn A E, WI; (10-9-99) 9-5-13 

Roth. Helen M., 2344 Putnam Ave., Bn A E, Girls; 9-5-19 

Rotherhan, Philip J. E., 202 W. 88th, Mn.. A PT, HSC; 10-2-11 

Rothholz, Meta, 835 E. Parkway, Bn A M, EH; 9-11-11 

Rowe, Stuart H., 104 Hillcrest Ave., Yonk- 

ers, N. Y P, Wdl; (9-12-04) 9-1-10 

Royce, Sarah Grace, 509 W. 122d. Mn A L, Wdl; 9-8-02 

Rubel, Jacob A., 326 Troy Ave., Bn A Ec, ED; (12-3-06) 2-2-20 

Rubenstein, Jacob, 1179 Slst, Bn AH, BR; (9-8-05) 2-3-13 

Ruggeri, Agnes C, 59 E. 93d, Mn A St Tp, JR; 11-3-13 

Ruggles, Zola B.. 431 Clermont Ave., Bx. . . A D, WI; 2-5-17 

Russell, George P., 25 W 65th, Mn AC, Coml; 10-1-19 

Russell, Helen, 54 Wall, New Brighton, S. I. A M, Curtis; 7-30-12 

Russell, Helen G., 520 W. 122d, Mn A B, EvC; 9-13-10 

Russell, Louise S., 593 Lexington Ave., Mn. A St Tp, ED; 2-1-18 
Russell, Warren L., Jackson Ave., Queens, 

L. I A L. MT; 9-14-08 

Russum, Ruth E.. 412 Ocean Ave., Bn A S, ED; 10-1-09 

Ryan, Elizabeth G., 207 W. 11th, Mn A El, WI; 9-5-13 

Ryan, Loretta C. 143 W. 84th, Mn A PT, JR; (11-1-07) 9-7-17 

Ryan, Monica D., 374 Jefferson Ave, Bn.. A E, BR; 11-1-20 

Ryan, Olive, 207 W. 11th, Mn '. A Sp, WI; 2-16-20 

Ryan, William J., 165 East 88th, Mn A H, Boys; (9-7-17; 10-15-17 

Ryder, Mary E., 24 Rockrose PI., Forest 

Hills, L. I A E, Ntn; 2-13-19 



Sabin, Daisy B., 2414 Creston Ave., Bx Lib A, EvC; 9-11-14 

Sable, Amelia B., 560 W. 163d, Mn A E, HSC; (10-1-02) 9-10-20 

Sackman, Esther B., 15 Martense Ct., Bn.. A Coml, WI; 5-1-11 

Sackman, Gilbert R., IS Martense Ct., Bn.. A D, Stv; 9-9-10 

Sachs, Felix, 1510 Greene Ave., Bn A M, Boys; 6-28-16 

Sacks, Sarah Lifshitz (Mrs.), 2118 Vyse 

Ave., Bn A Coml, JR; 2-1-18 

Sachs. William S., 447 E. 174th, Mn AM. Stv; 6-28-16 

Safir, Shelley R., 230 E. 173d, Mn A B, Stv; 9-11-14 

Saltzberg, Florence B., 1107 Forest Ave., Bx. A E, Wdl; (11-1-10) 10-2-11 
Salzano. Francis F., 1336 Bay, Rosebank. 

S. I AM, DWC; 9-11-11 

Sanborn, Mildred L., 200 Cathedral Park- 
way, Mn A E, JR; 9-8-16 

Sandal, Caroline, 158 25th, Elmhurst, L. I. A E, JR; 2-1-15 

Sanders, Edward I., 702 Avenue C W., Bn. A El NU; (11-3-13) 2-2-20 

Sandman, Ida, 716 W. 180th, Mn A PT, WI; (3-27-94) 3-2-03 

Sandry, Edna E., 80 Cambridge PI., Bn.... AD (Ch), Jam; 9-21-18 

Sanford, Clarence H., 764 Weeks Ave., Bx. A App Mech, Steam & Elec, Stv; 

9-11-11 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 213 

Sanial, Marie L., Northport, L. I A B, Wdl; 2-9-99 (9-14-87 

Santee, Eloise B., 1159 Dean, Bn AG, ED; 2-1-06 

Saphier, Conrad J., 1062 Carrol, Bn A St Tp (Ch), BR; 2-3-13 

Saul, Gertrude E., 429 9th Ave., Queens, 

L. I AG, Bry, 9-11-14 

Saxton, Margaret D., 173 W. 81st, Mn A G, JR; 2-2-14 

Sayre, J. Frank, Princeton, N. J A Cv, HSC; 10-1-19 

Scales, Carrie L., 2053 7th Ave., Mn A PT, WI; (4-1-03) 11-1-06 

Schaible, Godfrey C, 355 St. Johns PI., Bn. A G, MT; 2-1-07 
Schabacker, Harold M., 219 Audubon Ave., 

Mn A Sp, Stv; 2-3-19 

Schamus, John B., 2493 Valentine Ave., Bx. A El, EvC; (9-10-06) 2-3-13 

Scharff, Violette E., Ill St. James PL, Bn. A F. BR; 9-8-05 

Schatteles, Arthur, 2462 Valentine Ave.. Bx. A Coml, Ms; (4-8-12) 9-6-18 
Schaumloeffel, John H., 2103 Ocean Ave., 

Bn Lab A. MT; 2-1-10 

Schaumloeffel, Mildred B., 2103 Ocean Ave., 

Bn A B, Jam; (12-1-08) 11-3-13 

Schawaroch, John T., 9 Medina PL, Elm- 
hurst, L. I A PT, Fig; 3-11-20 

Scheib, Richard, 1167 Clay Ave., Bx P (Actg), TR; 9-9-12 

Scheibe, Elizabeth, 50 Morningside Ave., Mn. A St Tp, Wdl; 9-11-11 
Schenone, Adelaide L., 1923 Homecrest Ave., , - - _ 

Bn. A St Tp, EH; (11-1-07) 10-1-14 

Scherer. Morris, 883 E. 176th, Mn A St Tp, TR; 4-1-19 

Schilling, Helen, 170 Stratford Rd., Bn.... A PT, BR; 11-1-17 

Schindler, Samuel, 205 McDonough, Bn A PT, Coml; (10-16-11) 2-1-lS 

Schlauch. William S., Hasbrouck Hts., N.J. 1AM (Ch), HSC; 9-11-05 (9-5-19) 

Schlesinger. Ethel, 275 Central Pk. W., Mn. CI A, JR; 9-5-17 
Schlosberg, Samuel, 11 Lathers PL, New Ro- 

chelle N Y... A E, Ms; (10-21-01) 9-9-12 

Schmidt, Cari G.. 246 Hancock, Bn A Mu (Ch), EH; 9-14-08 

Schmidt, Clara H., 31 N. Bleecker, Mt. Ver- 
non N Y AC, DWC; 9-8-16 

Schneider, A. Arthur, 2196 Dean. Bn A E, Bwk; (9-7-17) 9-6-18 

Schoedde, Emma J., 1350 Fulton Ave., Bx. A F G. MS; 2-14-01 
Schoenchen, Gustav G., 2240 Grand Ave.. 

Bx. A E. DWC; (11-1-10) 9-8-16 

Schoenroch, Hedwig. 309 E. 162d. Mn A G, Ms; (4-1-99) 3-2-08 

Schonert, Ida H., 12 Arion PL, Bn CI A, Coml: 9-18-19 

Schottland, Max, 1176 President, Bn A Coml, GW; (2-2-14) 9-6-18 

Schradieck, Helen E., 1319 Carroll, Bn.... A Sp G, Bwk; 10-1-09 
Schrage, Dorothy M., 232 Amherst Ave., Ja- 
maica, L. I CI A, Tam; 12-12-18 

Schreyer, Emma A., 10 Sherman Ave., Mn. A F, GW; 9-9-10 
Schroeder, Anita L. (Mrs.), Douglaston BL, 

Douglaston. L. I A Sp, Bry; 2-1-10 

Schryver, George O., 4 Smith, Mt. Kisco, 

N. Y A L, Boys; 9-5-13 

Scoville, Florence M., 177 Woodruff Ave., 

Bn A E, EH; 9-12-98 

Schuh, Elsa, 112 86th Ave., Richmond Hill, 

L. I A E, Fig; 2-1-21 

Schulman, Herman, 826 Ritter PL, Bx A .PT, EvC; 3-15-20 

Schulz. Bertha. 54 E. 122d, Mn A F. Wdl; (3-3-97) 2-104 

Schuman, Samuel, 972 Tiffany, Bx A E, Stv; (4-4-04) 9-11-14 

Schumer, Jacob H., 944 E. 14th, Bn A P, GirLs; (2-3-02) 9-10-06 

Schuyler, Elmer, 87 71st, Bn 1AM (Ch), BR; (9-12-04) 9-9-12 

Schwager, Harrv. 512 W. 158th, Mn A Coml, HSC; 2-5-17 

Schwartz, Beatrice, 825 W. 179th, Mn A Sp, MT; 11-1-20 

Schwartz, Edward E., 344 Wyona, Bn A G, MT; 9-9-12 

Schwartz, Isidore A., 312 Haven Ave., Bx. A F, DWC; (11-2-14) 12-3-17 

Schwartzenbach, Peter A., 143 W. 16th, Mn. A D, DWC; (9-10-06) 3-1-12 

Schwarzkopf. Ernst. 342 79th, Bn A Forging, Stv; 2-3-13 

Schwitzer. Myrtle. 1391 Madison Ave., Mn. CI A. HSC; 2-3-13 

Scott, Alice B., 79 Washington PL, Mn A D. WI; 9-11-16 

Scott, Cora A., 188 Wadsworth Ave.. Mn... A M, Ms; (9-9-01) 2-1-04 

Scott. Izora, 2015 Bedford Ave., Bn A L, EH; 9-25-08 

ScoTill, Florence M.. 177 Woodruff Ave.. Bn. A E. EH; 9-12-98 
Scudder, John O., 115 S. 8th, Mt. Vernon, 

N. Y. A P, GW; 12-4-99 2-1-11 

Scully. Teresa M., 81 Northern Ave.. Mn.. A St Tp, Ms; 2-1-12 

Seamans, Mary A., 1236 Pacific, Bn A Coml Br, GComI: 11-1-07 

Seaman. Mary E., 1236 Pacific, Bn A Sp G, Bwk; 3-2-08 

Sears, Theresa C. (Mrs.), 203 17th. Bn A St Tp, GCor.il; 31-20 



214 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 

Seeber, Elizabeth. 138 E. S4tli, Mn A G, Ntn; 10-2-11 

Seidensticker, Clara, 65 Montrose Ave., So. 

Orange, N. J A Sp, Wdl; 9-12-97 

Seipp, Anna M., 188 Claremont Ave., Bn.. A D, NU; 10-14-19 

Selman, Frances, 231 Rutledge, Bn A M, MT; (11-1-17) 9-10-20 

Sergent, Nellie B., 503 W. 121st, Mn A E, EvC; 10-2-16 

Serota, Ruth. 727 E. ISSth, Mn A St Tp, TR; (10-2-03) 9-11-14 

Sesso, Pauline M., 303 E. 161st, Bx 1 A Mod Lang. Wdl; (11-1-87) 

9-12-98 (9-1-14) 

Seymour, Mary I., 627 E. 12th, Bn A E, GComl; 7-1-96 

Shanholt, Henry H., 5 E. 106th, Mn A M, Stv; 4-1-19 

Shanly. Mary E., 139 Madison Ave., Flush- S-'l |*'| (I-' ■•.'npj- — 

ing, L. I A E, Ntn; 5-8-11 

Shapiro. Philip S., 209 Lee Ave., Bn A PT. Coml; 10-1-17 

Shapiro, Sarah M. (Mrs.). 533 W. 156, Mn. A St Tp, WI; (4-1-07) 2-1-15 
Sharpe, Barnet P., 18th Ave. and 86th, Bn. A NU, PT; (11-2-08) 111-13 
Sharp. Eleanor, 110 Maurice Ave., Elmliurst, 

L. I A Coml, Ntn; 2-1-15 

Sharp, Richard W., 142 St. Paul PI., Bn... A B, DWC; 2-1-07 
Shaw. Adele M.. Forest Hills Inn, Forest 

Hills, L. I A E, Ntn; (7-1-94) 2-»-09 

Shaw, Laura J. (Mrs.), 136 Fafayette Ave., 

Bn A St Tp, Bwk; 10-1-19 

Shea, John, 259 Brooklyn Ave., Bn A St Tp. Coml; 3-1-09 

Shean. Chauncy C. 1014 Eastern Pkway, Bn. A PT. Coml; 9-5-13 

Shear, Alexander S., 1269 Morris Ave., Bx. A E, Stv; 11-1-20 

Shearer, Robert J., 1320 Ave I. Bn A St Tp, Coml; 10-1-09 

Sheely, Jane V., 180 Quincy, Bn A H, Girls; (9-14-03) 2-2-14 

Shellard, Warren P., 308 Stratford Rd., Bn. A P, WI; (10-3-04) 10-9-14 

Shepard, Bertha S.. 426 E. 26th, Mn A D, WI; (3-3-13) 9-11-14 

Shepard, Oscar C, 400 W. 57th, Mn A St, HSC; 10-2-16 

Sheridan, Gladys. 158 Gleane, Elmhurst, L. I. A E, Ntn; 11-3-19 

Sherman, MartJia H., 540 W. 144th. Mn... CI A, Ms; 10-14-18 

Sherman, Rose E., 143 E. 21st, Mn. A E, WI; 9-5-13 

Sherwell, Luis M., 509 W. 146th, Mn A Sp, Stv; 2-5-17 

Shimberg, Jeannette, 209 Rutledge, Bn AM, MT; (2-1-10) 4-8-12 

Shirkas, Hyman, 124 Boerum, Bn A B, Coml; (11-2-14) 11-1-20 

Shipley, James H., 453 W. 152d, Mn A St Tp. HSC; 10-3-01 

Shipley, Joseph T.. Tuckahoe, N. Y A E, Stv; 2-1-15 

Shirley, Minerva B., 247 73d. Bn A E, NU; 9-11-16 

Shoudy, Theodore. Essex Falls, N. Y AD, HSC; 6-28-16 

Shulman, Morris A., 55 St. Marks PL, Mn. A Coml WI; (11-1-99) 15-1-11 

Shumway. Edgar S., 472 E. 18th, Bn 1 A L (Ch). MT; 9-9-01 (9-1-03) 

Siedler, Charles. 2316 Andrews Ave.. Bx A L, EvC; (2-8-09) 10-1-12 

Siegel, Fred, Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y... A D, Haaren; 12-12-17 
Silverman, Henry J.. S3 Orchard, Jamaica, 

L. 1 1 A PT (Ch), Jam; (3-1-06) 4-1-10 

9-8-20 

Silverman, Mollie, 796 E. 17Sth. Mn A St Tp, HSC; (4-13-14) 2-2-20 

Silverstein, Nathan. 18 W. 107th, Mn A M, Stv; 5-1-07 

Simon, Madelyn R., 314 11th Ave., Long 

Island Citv, L. I A FHD, Bry; 9-30-20 

Simonpietrj. Marie L.. 279 Halsey, Bn A Sp, MT; (1-4-97) 2-3-19 

Simmons, Kate C, 167 Joralemon, Bn A D, Girls; (9-9-01) 2-1-05 

Simpson. Gertrude, 1570 E. 17th, Bn A St Tp. NU; (11-1-17) 10-1-19 

Simpson, Julia. 1570 E. 17th, Bn AM, Coml; 2-3-19 

Sindelar, Charles, Browdale Dr., Little Neck, 

L. I AM, Stv; (5-20-98) 10-1-09 

Singer, Ray, 112 Hopkins, Bn A St Tp, Haaren; 2-1-21 

Sipser, Emma H. (Mrs.), 114th St. near 

7th Ave., Mn CI A. Wdl; 9-1 1-14 

Skahan, Mary R., 147 E. 82nd, Mn A PT, JR; 4-1-08 (5-3-20) 

Skeele, Otis C, 21 Sycamore Ave.. Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y A PT (Ch), Ms; 9-12-98 

Skelton, Christine P., 252 Hancock, Bn A Cooking, Sewg. FR; (5-1-08) ' 

9-11-16 

Skilton, Clara M.. 52 Livingston. Bn A E, Bwk; 9-11-11 

Skinner. Herbert C. 261 E. 201st, Bx A Sp. HSC; 2-1-10 

Skinner, Mabel. 19 E. 95th, Mn A Cv (Ch), WI; (9-8-02) 9-16-07 

Skipp, Francis E., 163 Eastern Pkway, Bn. A PT, Boys; 2-1-lS 
Slack, Earl B., 22 Cassilus Ave., Bronxville, 

N. Y A P (Ch Ph Sc). WI; 9-11-11 

Slade, Una C, 459 Mt. Prospect Ave., New- 

ark, N. J A E, EH; 9-10-20 

Slater. Florence W., 129 E. 10th, Mn A B, WI; 9-10-01 

Slater, Henry B., 127 4th, Elmhurst, L. I. A Coml, Ntn; 3-7-07 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 215 

Sleeth, Addie A., 400 W. 118th, Mn A Physiog, JR; 2-1-18 

Slocum. Miriam F., 221 Eastern Pkway, Bn. A St Tp, GComl; 2-5-17 
Smallheiser, Annette. 638 Lafayette Ave., 

Bn APT, ED; (4-1-07) 4-1-21 

Smallheiser, Albert Lee, 90 Hart. Bn A H, Boys; (9-8-16) 9-10-17 

Smerling, Frank A., 599 W. 190th, Mn A E, Stv; (9-9-10) 9-10-17 

Smith, Anna H., 121 N. Maple Ave., East 

Orange, N. J A E, DWC; 9-11-99 

Smith, Bernice C, 40 Morningside Ave., Mn. A D, TR; 9-7-17 

Smith, Charles M., 131 Livingston, Bn A St Tp (Coord), Haarcn; 2-11-09 

Smith, Donald E., 1974 University Ave., Bx. A H, Ms; 11-10-13 

Smith. Edith I., 115 W. 96th. Mn A PT. JR; 12-18-11 

Smith. Ernest E., 186 Maple. Bn 1 A H (Ch), MT; (9-10-06 (9-^-1/ . 

Smith, Ethel M., 147 W. 75th, Mn A Coml, JR; 2-1-18 

Smith. Florence M., 428 Elizabeth, Inwood, 

N. Y A L, FR; 2-3-15 

Smith, Frances A., 197 Gates Ave., Bn A E, WI; 11-3-13 

Smith. Franklin H.. 414 W. 120th, Mn A H, Wdl; 2-25-07 

Smith, Frederick, 226 Bement Ave., W. New 

Brighton. S. I A Coml. JR; (11-1-06) 10-15-17 

Smith, Georgina M.. 75 McDonough, Bn... A F, WI; 10-1-09 

Smtih. Harriet K., 2674 Valentine Ave.. Bx. A St Tp, EvC; 9-12-97 (10-1-94) 

Smith. Harry D., 412 E. 33d, Paterson, 

N. J A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; (2-5-17) 5-3-20 

Smith. Herbert O., 146 Fenimore, Bn A C, DWC; 2-2-14 

Smith, Isabelle F., 941 Intervale Ave., Ex.. A Coml, JR; (12-1-03) 9-8-16 

Smith, James V., 84 Grove. Mn A PT. EH; (2-1-10) 2-2-20 

Smith, J. Clarence, 430 4th, Bn A L (Chg An), MT; 9-11-05 

Smith, Joseph H.. 75 McDonough, Mn A Sp, WI; 2-23-09 

Smith. L. Brewster, 97 Vista PI., Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y AM, HSC; 5-8-11 

Smith, Louise, 59 Downing, Bn A L, Bwk; 12-14-11 

Smith, Luella G. (Mrs.), 1974 University 

Ave.. Bx A Mu Ms; 2-1-15 

Smith. M. Helen, 514 Sth. Bn A B, MT; 2-5-06 

Smith. Mabel P., 434 W. 120th, Mn A E, Ms: 2-2-14 

Smith, Madeleine W., 205 St. Johns PI., Bn. A PT. EH; (2-1-10) 2-2-20 

Smith, Marguerite, 1 W. 69th, Mn A B, DWC (9-14-09) 91 6-10 

Smith, Mary L.. 470 W. 166th. Mn A Cv. ED; (11-3-19) 3-1-20 

Smith, Maude F.. 619 W. 127th, Mn A Cooking (Ch Dom Sc), Wdl; 

(11-1-04) 2-2-14 

Smith, Myrtle A., 161 Emerson PI., Bn A C, Bwk; 4-28-15 

Smith, Natalie A., 97 Kenmore PI., Bn A E, EH; 9-5-13 

Smith, Ruth W., 144 E. 22d, Mn A PT (Ch), BR; 10-1-14 

Smith. Seymour L., Hastings - on - Hudson, 

N. Y A Mach Shop, Stv; 9-12-10 

Smith. Violet E.. 1527 Union, Bn A FHD, WI; 9-30-20 

Smith, Walter M., 8 Church. Paterson, N. J. A Wood Turning, Stv; 2-1-07 

.Smith, W. Palmer, 330 E. 19th, Bn 1 A El (Ch), Boys; 2-1-06 (2-2-20) 

Snider, Annie M., 431 W. 121st, Mn A E, WI; 3-24-13 

Snow. Ella M.. 420 W. 119th. Mn A F. Bry; 11-12-09 

Snow. Minnie R.. 386 4th. Bn A M. MT: 10-1-09 

Snow. Rose, 49 E. 123d, Mn A PT, EvC; 2-5-17 

Snvder, Horace M., 863 E. 18th. Bn P, MT; (9-7-10) 4-16-17 

Sohon, Michael D.. 1334 Chisholm, Bx 1 A Ph Sc (Ch C), Ms; 9-12-97 

(12-1-13) 

Soloman, Charles. 88 Linden Ave., Bn A M, MT: (2-4-04) 9-22-08 

Solomon, Augustine H., 89 Linden Ave., Bn. CI A, Girls; 2-2-20 

Solomon. Michael, 1327 Bristow, Bx A L, DWC; 2-1-10 

Solon, Sarah R. (Mrs.), 43 Washington 

Sq.. Mn A St Tp, TR ; 6-28-1 6 

Sommerfield, Alfred, 560 W. 144th, Mn A Coml, WI; 3-1-12 

Sonnenthal. Pauline. 2122 Anthony Ave., Bx. A St Tp, JR; (3-1-12) 11-1-17 

Soule. Bertha L., Hotel St. George. Bn . . . . A L, MT; 9-11-05 

Southwell. Etta E., 161 Emcr.'=on PI., Bn... A B. Bwk: 9-28-10 

Sprague. Clarence H., 1827 E. IS. Bn A FHD, HSC; 3-1-10 

Sparke, Minnie E.. 2173 Bedford Ave., Bn. A G. EH; 9-14-03 
Spear, Alice B. (Mrs.), 2720 Creston Ave., 

'^ Bx CI A, Ms; (6-2-19) 2-2-20 

Spear. Dorothy A., 2720 Cre.'^ton Ave., Bx.. A E. EvC: 9-11-14 

Spector. Thomas. 534 W. 152. Mn A D, DWC: (11-2-14) 9 7-17 

Spencer, Elizabeth. IS W. 12th. Mn A Cooking. Wdl; (10 3-10) 2-17-19 

Spencer. Mary. 1062 Sterling. Bn AD, Girls; (2-1-00) 9-907 

Sper, Felix, 1233 St. Johns PI., Bn A E, Stv; (11-3-13) 11-5-17 



216 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Speyer, Henrietta L.. 1662 Boston Rd., Bx. A St Tp, Bry; (11-2-08) 2-16-20 

Sperling, Harry, 391 Marlboro Rd., Bn A PT, ED; (12-3-06) 3-2-08 

Spier, Doris J., SIS W. Ill, Mn A B, Wdl; 9-11-14 

Spivack, Louis B., 1450 Linson PL, Far 

Rockaway, L. I AM. DWC; 4-4-20 

Sprague, Clarence H., 1827 E. ISth, Bn... A FHD (Ch), HSC; 3-1-10 
Sprague, Harold C, 10020 Garrison, HolKs, 

^ L.I A P (Adm). Boys; 2-3-15 

Sprague, Laura E., 580 E. 21st, Bn A H, EH; 9-13-97 

Squires, Martha U. (Mrs.). 25 McDonough, 

Bn A G, Bwk; 12-18-11 

Stableford, Richard G., 8 Poplar, Bn CI A, Stv; 2-S-17 

Stacey, Sidney G., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn. A L, EH; 1-31-98 
Stagen, Ruth M., 459 Bement Ave., West 

New Brighton. S. I A E, Curtis; 9-11-14 

Stahl. George F., 2804 Pond PL, Bx 1 A Mech Arts (Ch Wood Wkg). 

StahL Ida M., 152 Lincoln PL, Bn A ComlVchg An),%V;%^8-lV^^ 

Stager, Selda, 101 E. 78th, Mn A St Tp, Bry: (11-1-09) 2-16-20 

Stamm, Caroline L., 25 N. 7th Ave., Mt. 

yernon. N. Y. A Cv G, EvC; 2-2-14 

Stanford, James H., 192 Bradhurst Ave., Mn. A Wood Trng, Stv; (10-1-14) 2-1-15 

Stannard, J. Ellis, 3111 Beverly Rd., Bn... A P, Boys; 9-9-12 

Stanton, Anna E., 283 Parkside Ave., Bn... A B, Bwk; 10-2-11 
Stapff, Hetta, 7 Guyon Ave., Oakwood Hts., 

N. Y A G, AF, Curtis; 9-5-13 

Stapleton, Christopher R., 321 E. 200th, Bx. A E, EvC; 2-1-10 

Stark, Henry, 6 41st, Corona. L. I A Milling & Bldg Const, Stv; 

^ , ,„ (11-1-16) 9-10-20 

Starkey, Warren L., 464 E. 26th, Bn 1 A BkKpg (Ch ComI), Jam; 9-13-97 

(9-1-11) 

Starratt, Rosa M., 419 W. 121st, Mn A E, JA; 9-8-16 

Stauff, John H.. 35 Bentley, Tottenville, S. I. A H, DWC; (9-10-17) 9-6-lS 

Stebbins. Charles M., 1427 Union, Bn A E, EH; 2-2-03 

Steers, Edna L., 1251 Pacific, Bn A B, Girls; 11-1-06 

Steigman, Benjamin, 169 Columbia Hts., Bn. A E, Stv; 9-11-11 

Steinecke, Jeannette A., 55A Lynch, Bn A St Tp, Girls; 2-1-15 

Steinert, John B., Hastings-on-Hudson, N. Y. A Wood Trng, Stv; (12-1-98) 9-9-07 
Steinmets, William G.. 8928C 116th, Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A Com], RH; 9-8-16 

Steeneck, Adelheit M., SO Bank, Mn A M, Fig; 2-18-20 

Steigman, Max, 427 ISth, Bn A C, Boys; 4-7-20 

Stepanek, Beatrice, 610 W. 116th, Mn A L. ED; 2-1-06 

Stephens, Walter L., 39 Woodland Ave., 

Rockville Centre, L. I A Cv, Stv; 11-3-19 

Stern, Regine, 434 7th, Bn A F G, MT; 9-9-01 

Sternberg, George. 501 W. 143d, Mn AS, Coml; (3-2-98) 11-1-09 

Stetson, Sophie M., 851 West End Ave., Mn. A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; 9-11-16 

Stevens, Henry J., 156 W. 128th, Mn A L, DWC; (10-10-98) 11-3-13 

StCTcns, William S., 33 Arden PL, Yonkers, 

N. Y AM, Bwk; 9-11-99 

Stevenson, Beulah E., 178 Emerson PL. Bn. A D, Girls; (9-9-07) 10-1-09 
Stevenson. Christian R. 1 N. Wertland Ave., 

Queens, L. I A Cv, RH; (3-1-OS) 2-2-20 

Stevenson, Florence J. (Mrs.), 2860 Cres- 

ton Ave., Bx A Sewg & Dressmkg, FR; (9-6-12) 

9-6-18 
Stevenson, Helen G., 136 2nd Ave., New- 
ark, N. J AH, WI; 9-10-20 

Stevenson, J. Allison, 876 Lincoln PL, Bn.. A L, Boys; 6-28-16 
Stewart, Charles A., 8524 111th, Richmond 

Hin, L. I A Coml (Chg An), RH; 9-12-04 

Stewart, Effie F., Sound Beach, Conn A L, Ms; 2-1-06 

Stiebritz, Elsie, 419 9th Ave., Astoria, L. I. A PT, WI; (4-1-07) 11-1-17 

Stieg, Fern, 1109 Amsterdam Ave., Mn A PT (Ch), TR; 9-5-13 

Stiles, Ethel A., 1236 Clay Ave., Bx A E. WI; 2-10-20 

Stilson, William E.. 8438 113th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I AM, RH; 9-12-04 

St. John, Emily P., 578 E. 21st, Bn A E, EH; 9-11-05 

St. John, Robert P., 815 E. 14th, Bn 1 A E (Ch), Coml; 2-1-00 (1-1-06) 

Stocker, John H., 197 East 17th, Bn 1 A PSc (Ch), EH; 4-8-95 

(2-5-17) 

Stockton, J. Lewis, 248 Stratford Rd.. Bn.. A Cv H Ec (Ch Cv), EH; (2-14-01) 

9-9-12 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 217 

Stoll, Louise A. (Mrs.), 164 Parkside Ave., 

Bn A M, EH; 10-2-11 

Stolper, Benjamin J. R., 101 S. 10th, New- 
ark, N, J A E, Stv; 9-10-20 

Stone, Bertha R., 317 W. 95th, Mn A St Tp. WI; 4-8-12 

Stone, Katharine VV., 365 Monroe, Bn A L, EH; (9-8-OS) 2-8-09 

Stone, Limond C, 148 Putnam Ave., Bn A M, Boys; 10-3-01 

Stone, Lulu M., 1433 Union, Bn A E, Girls; 9-9-95 

Stone, Mabel, 7 A. Locust Ave., Port Wash- 
ington, L. I ^ A Cooking, MT; (10-6-96) 4-3-03 

Stone, Mary M.. 404 Ocean Ave., Bn A M. EH; (2-4-98) 2-1-99 

Stone, Maudie L., 525 5th, Bn A Cv PT, MT; 912-04 

Stone, Wilmer T., 210 W. 84th, Mn A E, DWC; 2-5-17 

Storer, Henry A., 333 Brevoort, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A St Tp, RH; (1-2-02) 4-1-19 

Story, Helen M., 251 E. Kingsbridge Rd.. Bx. A Cooking, Ms; (9-10-06) 2-1-10 

Stotler, Albert, Forest Hills, L. I A Wood Trng. Stv; (12-3-06) 2-8-09 

Strahs, Jacob, 1740 77th, Bn CI A, NU; 9-8-20 

Strasburger, Bertha, 55 W. 9Sth, Mn A M. Wdl; (1-1-90) 9-11-99 

Stratford, Aline C, 165 Clinton Ave., Bn... A E. ED; 2-1-00 

Stratton, William ., 245 Westminster. Rd.Bn. A PT, EH; (9-6-12) 2-1-18 

Strauss, Joseph B., 194 E. 76th. Mn A El, Boys; (S-lS-14) 10-1-20 

Strauss, Julius, 441 Durham Ave., Mt. Ver- 
non, N. Y A PT, Ms; (2-14-10) 9-9-10 

Strayer, Franklin R., 11 Primrose Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A P, Ms; 9-14-03 

Streeper, Amanda, 3 E. Elm, Norristown, 

Pa A H, WI; 2-10-20 

Strelitz, Hattie M., 700 W. 178th, Mn A St Tp. JR; (10-7-01) 11-3-19 

Strom. Carl A. W., 446 74th, Bn AM. EH; (4-4-04) 9-5-13 

Strom, Nathan, 916 Stebbins Ave., Bx A Ace & Bus Pr, Ms; (9-7-06) 2-4-20 

Strong, William M., 141 Buckingham Rd., 

Yonkers, N. Y A L. EvC; 9-12-98 

Strum, Nellie A., 105 E. ISth, Mn A E, Ms; 3-1-04 

Strumpf, Harold A., 857 Crotona PI., N. Bx. A St Tp, Ms; (10-3-04) 2-5-17 

Stryker. Russell F., 1121 Bedford Ave., Bn. A L, Boys; 9-8-16 

Stumpf, Gustav A., 31 Jerome, Bn A E, Boys; (10-3-04) 9-10-20 

Sugarman. Arthur M., 556 W. 140, Mn A St Tp, JR; (12-1-02) 9-9-12 

Sullivan, Bessie, 292 Clermont Ave., Bn A E, M. Girls; 9-9-01 

Sullivan, Mary, 292 Clermont Ave., Bn A M, ED: 9-12-04 

Sultan, Pauline M., 675 E. 170th, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; (12-1-10) 

2-18-19 

Sunderland, Florence. 423 W. 120th, Mn... A E, GW; 9-9-10 

Supnik, Henry F., 702 Ave C, Bn A E, Com!; (3-9-00) 2-5-17 

Supplee, Mary F., 1224 Pacific, Bn A B, GComl; 2-1-21 

Surrey, Frank M., 593 Riverside Dr., Mn... 1 A (Adm) PSc, Ms; 9-9-10 (9-8-20) 

Swann, Harvey J., 57 Gates. Bn A F, Boys; 9-7-17 

Swanson, Minnie I., 31 Windsor PI., Bn... A E. BR; (9-8-05) 9-10-20 

Swanton, Richard L., 245 Adelphi. Bn A H, Boys; 2-1-15 

Swartout. Caroline H., 839 W. 179th, Mn... A G, Ms; 9-8-03 

Swartz, Sidney A., 1615 Union, Bn A E. Stv; (4-3-14) 2-5-17 

Swarzenbach, Peter A., 133 E. 73d, Mn A FHD, DWC; (9-10-05) 3-1-12 

Sweeney, Helen M., 1360 University Ave., 

Bx A E, Wdl; (9-1-84) U-9-97 

Swenson, Celeste C. 87 Locust, Flushing, 

L. I A L, Ntn; 3-18-07 

Swenson, John A., 204 Park Ave., Leonia, 

N. J 1 A M (Ch), Wdl; 3-1-05 )9-9-14) 

Swenson. Mary E., 5 Elm PL, Flushing, L.7. A Sp, Bwk; 9-11-14 

Swett, Carolyn P., 677 W. 204th, Mn A B, GW; 3-2-03 

Swick, Mary S.. 54 S. Parsons Ave., Flush- 
ing, L. I AD, Fig; (9-10-01) 10-2-11 

Syms, Louis C, 11J4 E. 87th, Mn A F, Wdl; 9-12-97 



Taintor, S. Augusta, 70 Morningside Dr., 

Mn A E, TR; 6-28-16 

Talbot, A. May, 8603 104th, Richmond Hill, 

L. I AM, RH: 9-14-08 

Tanz, Louis. 1774 Bryant Ave., Bx A Coml, GW; (9-8-11) 9-11-16 

Tanzer, Edith P., 308 W. 82d, Mn Q A, Bry; 2-1-15 

Tasch, Ulysses S., 965 Hoe Ave., Bx A Coml. Ms; (11-1-07) 9-7-17 



218 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Tausk, Alfred M., 1851 7Sth, Bn A G, Boys; 2-1-10 

Taylor, Arthur M., 103 Montague, Bn A Mu (Ch), Bwk: ai-11-091 ^-1 1? 

Taylor. Edward F., Fishkill, HolHs, L. I... AH, Coml- 9-10-00 
Taylor, Harold E., 10234 88th Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I A MD, MT, 1 1-1-20 

Taylor, Jane I., 53 W. 126th, Mn A H, Wdl; (10-6-84) 2-9-99 

Taylor, Jeannette S., 196 Columbia Hts.. Bn. A E, Girls; 3-2-08 
Taylor, Louis, 501 Willard Ave., Wood- 

T i^^^'T/ ^- \ -WW V^,---^ ^ ^°' ^T; (12-18-13) 12-15-19 

Taylor, Marion L., 34 Monroe PL, Bn AG, EH- 9-14-08 

Taylor, Miriam L., 67 W. 126th, Mn A M, Wd'l; 9-12-98 

Taylor, Nettie, 770 Halsey, Bn A E MT- 10-10-98 

Tea, Mary A., 75 W. 92d, Mn A F, EvC; (12-4-05) 2-5-17 

Teeter, Charles H., 683 E. 14th Bn 1AM (Chg An), Coml; 9-8-01 

Tefft. Mary E. B.. 186 S. Columbus Ave., 

Mt. Vernon, N. Y A Physiog, Wdl; 12-5-00 

Tennant, George B., 3 Heights Ter., Ridge- 
wood, N. J A E, Stv; 10-1-09 

Tenrosen, Daniel, 8 W. 119th, Nn A H, JR; (11-2-14) 9-5-19 

Terral, Lillian A., 513 5th, Bn A Sewg. MT; (9-14-96) 9-25-08 

Tewksbury, Carl H., 963 Sheridan Ave., Bx. A B. Coml; 3-10-20 

Thayer, Annie M., 373 W. 116th. Mn Lib A, Bry; 10-17-04 

Thoma, Wilhelmina M., 379 Weirfield, Bn.. A E El, GComl; 3-1-20 

Thomas, Anita, 140 Claremont Ave., Mn A Sp, HSC; 6-28-16 

Thomas, Guy R., 443 73d, Bn A P (Ch P Sc), NU; 2-15-15 

Thomas, Harley H., 360 Halsey. Bn A PT (Ch), RH; (9-15-10) 9-8-16 

Thomas, Harrison C, 46 Barrows, Mn A H, DWC; 11-3-13 

Thompson, Ann C, 52 Irving PI., Mn A PT, WT; 9-11-14 

Thompson, Annie S., 314 W. 106th, Mn A H, EvC; 9-1-99 

Thompson, Arthur H., 387A McDonough. 

Bn AM, Boys; 6-28-16 

Thompson, Burt M., 622 48th, Bn A Coml, Coml; 4-29-18 

Thompson, Christina M., 541 Lexington Ave., 

^, Mn A Sewg, WI; 2-5-03 

Thompson, Dora R., 26 Clifford Ave., Pel- 

hamwood, N. Y Adm A E, WI; 9-9-10 

Thompson, Kirk W.. 54 Columbia Ave., 

Richmond Hill, L. I A P (Ch P Sc), Jam; 9-10-06 

Thompson, Lucy I., 172 Macon, Bn AH, Bwk; (12-1-10) 2-2-14 

Thompson, Martha, Morsemere, N. J A B, Ms; (9-12-04) 3-1-09 

Thompson, Miriam A., 266 83d, Bn A Mu, BR; 9-7-17 

Thorndike, Mildred L., 251 W. 261. Bx A E, EvC; 11-3-13 

Thorburn, Harriette P. (Mrs.), 80 Edgecomb 

Ave.. Mn A B, WI; (4-3-11) 2-2-14 

Thorne, Frederick, 20 Sanford Ave.. Flush- 
ing, L. I A Man Trng, Fig; (9-14-08) 2-2-14 

Thorp, Benjamin H., 99 Madison Ave., 

Flushing, L. I A E, Jam; 9-1-98 

Thun, Irene M., 108 7th Ave., Bn Lab A P C, MT; 2-2-20 

Tibbetts. William F., 8 Sherman Ave., Rose- 
bank, S. 1 1 A Class Lang (Adm A). Curtis; 

9-9-01 (2-5-17) 
Tietz, John W., 9441 Church, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A B, DWC; 9-14-14 

Tildsley, John L., Spuyten Duyvil. Bx Dist Supt. BofE; 9-12-98 (10-1-06) 

(12-14-08) (10-24-16) (8-11-20) 

Tilley, Lydia L., 611 W. 156th, Mn A G, Ms; 10-2-11 

Timmerman, Charles E., 269 N. Grove, E. 

Orange, N. J 1 A P (Chg An). DWC; 9-11-99 

(2-1-10) 

Timmerman, Ruth D., 511 6th, Bn AH, Tarn; 11-1-20 

Tindall. Glenn M., 223 Riverside Dr., Mn. A Mn,"NU; 2-14-21 

Tobin. James L.. 505A Kosciusko, Bn A H, Coml; (11-27-99) 9-9-12 

Tobin. Kate H., 424 Senator, Bn A Sp, BR; (4-5-20) 

Tobin, Lauretta M., 312 W. 109th, Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, TR; (2-5-17) 

2-17-19 
Tompkins,, Elizabeth M., 134 Linden Ave., 

Bn A B, EH; 11-1-09 

Topp, Emily, 122 Manhattan Ave., Mn A B, JR: (2-1-10) 9-15-13 

Tortora, Albert, 354 Garritson Ave., S. I. Lab A, DWC; 9-5-13 
Townsend, Arthur M., 412 E. Dudley Ave., 

Westfield, N. J A L. EH; 4-8-12 

Townsend, Charles W., 1133 E. 39th St. Bn. A Coml, Coml; 4-8-12 

Tracy, Edwin S., 305 E. 161st, Bx 1 A Mu (Ch), Ms; 9-12-04 (2-9-20) 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 219 

Tracy, Howard M., 403 Oakland Ave., W. 

New Brighton, S. 1 1 A Ace & Coml Law (Ch), Cur- 
tis; 9-7-06 (2-3-13) (2-2-20) 

Tracy, Mary L., 106 Morningside Dr., Mn. A E, EvC; 9-S-13 

Trask. Thomas C, 1081 Park PI., Bn 1 A H & Cv (Ch), Coml; 9-11-99 

(2-1-10) 

Trautvetter, Ida, 250 W. SSth, Mn AG (Co-ord), Haaren; (9-9-01) 

3-2-03 

Traynor, John, 802 Halsey, Bn AM. Ntn; 3-3-19 

Treadwell, Flora G., 294 Cumberland, Bn... A PT, Girls; 9-1-97 

Tredick, Helen F., 128 Linden Ave., Bn... A B, EH; 9-9-10 

Trench. Ruth, 1815 Newkirk Ave., Bn A E, EH; 9-5-13 

Trent, Lewis, 150 E. 178th, Mn A St Tp, WI; (12-1204) 9-22-08 

Tressler, Jacob C, 115 Pembroke PI., Kew 

Gardens, L. 1 1 A E (Ch), Ntn; 2-15-09 (9-1-14) 

Trosten, Sophie, 688 Dawson, Bx A F, DWC; 2-2-20 

Trostler, Emil, 65 New York Ave., Bn AD, Coml; 2-8-09 

Trowbridge, Cornelia, 351 W. 14th, Mn A B, ED; 4-1-09 

Trowbridge. Cornelia R., 106 E. 52d. Mn... A E, GW; 2-1-11 

Tschudy, Vera A.. 138 W. 120th, Mn A Sp, Ms; 10-17-18 

Tucker, Charles R., 13 Greene Ave., Bn A P. MT; 3-25-01 

Tuerck, William B., 221 Myrtle Ave., Flush- 
ing, L. I A Coml Br, Fig; 2-1-18 . 

Tufts, Anne B., Spuvten Duyvil, Bx A E, WI; 9-11-11 

Turner, Eva G., 426 Halsey, Bn A Coml, GComI; (10-1-02) 2-4-18 

Turner, Kate E., Hotel Wodostock, Mn P, BR; (10-1-88) 2-1-97 (1-1-12) 

(11-19-17) 

Tuthill, Dorothy P., 301 Lafayette Ave., Bn. Lab A B. DWC; 3-15-20 

Tuthill, Mary E., 625 Rugby Rd., Bn A D, MT; (9-9-01) 2-2-14 

Tuttle, Edith M., 267 Hamilton Ave., Pater- 
son, N. J A E. WI; (9-14-03) 9-18-05 

Twamley. Edna, 639 Walton Ave., Bx A E, Ms; 2-1-18 

Tweedy, Grace B., 1 W .64th, Mn A F, Wd! ; 9-14-03 

Tweedy, Mary M., 930 West End Ave., Mn. A B, Wdl; 10-1-14 

u 

Uhlig, William C, 191 N. Clinton. East 

Orange. N. J AC, Stv; 9-12-10 

Ullman, Edgar A., 215 Ridgewood PI., Glen- 
dale, L. I CI A, Stv; 4-1-19 

Ullman, Selma, 65 Hamilton Terrace, Mn.. A St Tp, JR; 10-1-19 

Underbill, Mary, 87 Hamilton PI., Mn A M (Chg An). JR; 2-10-02 

Underwood, Elizabeth, 602 W. 146th, Mn... A M, Wdl; 9-12-04 

Unger, Gertrude N., 2805 Ft. Hamilton Park- 
way, Bn A St Tp. ED; 9-5-13 

Urdang, Harry, 531 W. ISlst, Mn A E, Coml; 9-9-10 



Valentine, Anne E., 25 Monroe PI., Bn A E. Fig; 9-11-16 

Valentine, Cornelius I., 318 Barclay, Flush- 
ing, L. I A Mu, Ntn; 4-13-14 

Valentine. Morris C., S Maxwell Ave., Ja- 
maica, L. L A B (Ch Sc). RH; 9-9-01 (2-23-09) 

Van Dam, Emanuel F., 138 Westervelt 

Ave., New Brighton, S. I A PT, HSC; 2-1-18 

Van Deusen, Edwin W., Hollis, L. I A Coml, Jam; 9-9-07 

Van Dusen, Eldon M., 43 State, Far Rock- „ , . „, 

away. L. I 1 A St Tp (Ch), FR; 9-14-03 

^ (2-2-20) 

Van Duyn, Evelyn, 567 W. 173d, Mn Lab A B, ED; 9-10-20 

Van Houten, Charles M., 461 Diamond Ave., , „ „ „, 

Woodhaven, L. I A Coml, Coml; 9-10-06 

Van Olinda, James E., 46 St. Johns PI., Bn. A Mu, MT; (9-1-93) 9-14-08 

Van Santvoord, Alice G. (Mrs.), 244 So. ^, . ^ ^ „ , , „, 

Broadway, Yonkers, N. Y CI A, EvC; 9-14-03 

Van Tuyl, George H., 71 Clinton PI.. Bx... A Coml, EvC; (9-11-98) 2-1-10 

Van Vliet, Jessie L., 405 W. 118th, Mn.... A L Gr Wdl; 4-1-98 

Varney, Grace D., 430 W. HSth, Mn .... A Sp, EH; 9-10-20 

Vaughan, Henry J., 114 Bainbndge, Bn... A E, Coml; (9-11-01) 2-2-20 
Vedder, Estella M., Flatbush Ave. and E. 

34th. Bn A B, EH; 9-8-02 



220 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Vermilya, Mabel, 115 W. 96th, Mn A M, EvC; (11-1-07) 2-3-13 

Vieillard, J. Frank, 1147 Woodhaven Ave., ^ ^ o lo 

Woodhaven, LI A Mach Shop Pr, Stv; 10-1-19 

Vincent, Charlotte M., 53 E. 88tli, Mn A G, Bry: 9-11-97 

Vlymen, Wililam T., 379 Front, Hempstead, 

TT hJ^c ■,• • • V • •;^ ••;- ••••: p, ed; (11-8-86) (2-1-00) 

Vogt, Charles A., 60 Franconia Ave., Flush- 
ing, L. I A Joinery, Woodwkg & Pattern 

Mkg (Ch). Bry; (12-1-98) 

2-25-09 

Volckhausen, William, 433 W. 162d, Mn... A Coml (Ch), DWC; (3-8-00) 9-9 10 

Volentme, Mary F., 1140 Pacific, Bn A L. EH; 1-31-02 

von Nardroff, Ernest R., 397 Madison, Bn.. P, Stv; 9-13-97 (11-2-08) 
Voorhees, Sophia, Tower Villa, Richmond 

,7 J^'";^A,^-, A L (Ch), RH; 9-1-98 

Vosburgh, Charles H., 11709 SSth Ave., Rich- 
mond Hill, L. I p, Jam; 9-1-96 (1-1-12) (1-22-19) 

w 

Wagenschutz, Anna L., 64 Montague, Bn... A S. ED; 9-10-00 

Wane, Charlotte A., 419 W. 119th, Mn.... A Sewg (Ch), JR; 9-5-13 

Wakeman, Susan E., 121 Bainbridge, Bn... A L, Girls; 12-2-01 

Waldman, Mark, 631 E. 168th, Bx A Sp, EvC; (11-2-03) 2-1-05 

Walker, Claude F., 75 Downing, Bn 1 A P So (Ch P), Boys; 9-12-04 

(10-15-14) 

Walker, Ruth N., 96 Winthrop, Bn A B, EH; 9-12-10 

Wallace, C. Earl, 66 Vermilyea Ave., Bx... A D, HSC; 9-8-16 
Wallace, William C, 29 Howard Parkway, 

,,, , New Rochelle, N. Y A Coml, WI; 10-1-14 

Waller, Phoebe M., S3 Washington Sq., Mn.N A E, WI; 11-3-13 

Walsh, John v., 570 W. 191st. Bx A St Tp, Ms; (11-1-05) 4-9-17 

Walter, M. Louise, 136 W. 120th, Mn A Sewng & Dressmkg, JR; (4-21-97) 

3-1-12 
Walthall, Margaret V., 110 Bidwell Ave., 

Jersey City, N. J Lab A B, Curtis; 2-2-20 

Walton, Georgiana C, 497 4th, Bn A M, MT; 9-11-OS 

Waltz, G. Edward. 149 Congress, Bn A Coml, Coml; 9-9-07 

Ward, Ada W., 76 Herriman Ave., Jamaica, 

L- I A EI, Jam; 9-11-05 

Ward, Grace F., 512 W. 122d, Mn A H, Wdl; 9-5-19 

Warner, Elma L., 230 Fenimore, Bn A PT, EH; (9-9-01) 9-11-05 

Warner, Frederica, 541 Lexington Ave., Mn. A E, WI; 2-5-17 

Warner, Margaret B., 218 Hancock, Bn A H, ED; 6-28-16 

Warr, F. Louise, 308 W. 82d, Mn A G (Adm), WI; (1-2-01) 2-11-07 

Warren, James P., 1525 Union. Bn A E, ED; 2-2-03 

Warschauer, Josephine, 166 E. 67, Mn A M, DWC; (11-3-13) 12-2-18 

Washburn, S. Annette, 51 E. 87th, Mn A D, WI; (10-23-11) 9-11-14 

Waters, Anna M, 320 W. 117th, Mn A Ec, Bry; (12-16-18) 9-5-19 

Waterbury, Nellie M.. 519 W. 121, Mn... A Ace & Bus Pr, GComl; 2-1-21 

Watkins, Julia C, 262 W. 77th, Mn A F, JR; 6-28-16 

Watrous, Louise E., 176 Sterling PL, Bn,. A M, BR; 2-16-14 

Watson, Alice D., 234 78th, Bn AH. ED; (9-6-92) 10-1-09 

Watson, Mary H., 117 W. 58th, Mn A E, DWC; 9-11-05 

Watters, T. Dorothy, IS Arlington Ave., Bx. A PT, EvC; 2-1-05 

Watters, Edith, 445 7Sth, Bn A PT, EH; 11-1-17 

Waxer, Madeline, 61 Riverside Dr., Mn A Ace & Bus Pr, JR; 9-6-18 

Way, Mary J., 1284 Pacific, Bn AH, Girls; 7-3-90 

Wayave, Leon J., 564 E. 9th, Bn 1 A H (Ch), Coml; 10-1-03 (2-5-17) 

Wayt, Hazel I., 161 Franklin, Astoria, L. I. A E, JR; 9-10-20 

Weaver, Robert L., 426 E. 16th, Bn A M, BR; 9-1-1-14 

Webster, Sara E., 620 W. 116th, Mn A D, WI; 2-1-06 

Weberman. Benjamin, 238 Rivington, Mn.. A F, EH; 4-19-20 

Wechsler, Philip D., 1036 Intervale Ave., Bx. A E, EvC; (11-2-14) 2-5-lS 

Wedge, Alfred H., 701 W. 178, Mn A L DWC; 11-3-10 

Weed, Henry T., 1298 Dean, Bn 1 A Sc (Co-ord), WI, Haaren; 

9-4-94 (5-21-00) 

Weed, Marguerite, 21 E. 198th, Bx A E, TR; 2-3-19 

Weeks, Marion I., 511 8th, Bn A El (Ch), BR; (2-1-10) 4-8-12 

Weill, Blanche A., 8 Van Nest PL, Bx A PT, JR; (11-1-07) 2-1-18 

Weiner, Meyer, 5617 12th, Bn AM (Ch), NU; 6-28-16 

Weinstein, Israel L., 701 W. 177th, Mn A B, Ms; 2-1-lS 

Weinstein, Reuben, 403 E. S2d, Mn A Coml, HSC; (S-1-08) 9-11-16 

Weinstock, George J., 570 E. 143d, Mn CI A, Stv; 9-8-16 

Weirich, Majorie C, 1819 Church Ave., Bn. A E, EH; (11-1-07) 2-S-17 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 221 

Weiser, Samuel, 787 Crotona Pk. N., Bx... A St Tp, EvC; 2-1-10 

Weiss, Alma E. (Mrs.), 61 E. 59th, Mn A G, VVI; (11-1-09) 12-1-09 

Weiss, Mary T., 718 Westchester Ave.. Bx. A Coml, Ms; (4-13-14) 2-17-19 

Weiss, Morris E., 160 W. 119th St., Mn... A Ace & Bus Pr. Coml; (10-21-01) 

9-10-20 

Weiss, Rose E, 16S1 Washington Ave., Mn. A M, ED; (2-1-15) 9-8-16 

Weizenhoffer, Max, 305 W. 150th, Mn A St Tp, Ms; (12-4-05) 9-5-19 

Welch, Alberta M., 153 E. 71st, Mn 1 AM (Ch), Bry; 9-14-03 (9-1-14) 

Welkowitz, Samuel, 294 E. 3d, Mn AM, Stv; 2-2-20 

Waller, Ethel E. C, 109 S. Broadway, White 

Plains, N. Y A Sewg. JR; (11-1-07) 11-1-17 

Welling, Florence E., 160 Claremont Ave., 

Mn A El, DWC; 9-8-19 

Wellington, Guy, 117 Jefferson Ave.. Bn... A PT, Boys; 2-1-18 

Welle, Mildred A., 14 Butler PI., Bn AH, WI; 9-5-19 

Wells, Nellie E., 103 Maurice Ave., Elm- 
hurst, L. I AG, Ntn; (11-15-07) 4-1-09 

Wellwood, Elizabeth, 1236 Pacific, Bn A El, ED; (10-7-01) 2-3-13 

Welsh, Edith E.. 335 W. 29th, Mn A El, WI; (11-3-02) 3-1-15 

Wendel, Mary M A PT, Bry; 9- -99) 4-1-21 

Wendell, May G., ^81 Edgecomb Ave.. Mn.. A G, JR; 9-12-13 

Wendt, Cordelia, 226 Garfield PL, Bn 1 A E (Ch), Girls; 10-21-01) 5-1-02 

1 (1-1-12) 

Wessa, Ida, 610 W. 116th, Mn A L (Ch), WI; 2-3-13 

West, Louis F., 233 Bergen, Bn A Mu, DWC; 2-5-17 

Weymann, Linda E., 148 E. 16th, Mn A S, ED; 9-11-14 

Whalen, Frank D., 3057 Bailey Ave., Bx... A E, DWC; 6-28-16 

Wharton, William P., 152 W. 91st, Mn A E, HSC; 9-10-06 

Wheat, Frank M., 2483 University Ave. Bx. 1 A B (Ch), GW; 12-4-11 (3-25-20) 

Wheat, Grace A., 987 Sterling PI., Bn A Cv, BR; (9-11-99) 2-16-20 

Whiffen, Edwin T., 21 Hill, New Rochelle, 

N. Y AH, EvC; (11-16-00) 3-1-12 

Whipple, Bemice, 155 E. 72d, Mn A S, JR; 11-7-17 

White, Bessie R., 132 Remsen. Bn A E, M, Girls; 2-1-93 

White, Cornelia F., 500 W. 122d, Mn A PT (Ch), Bry; (9-14-03) 12-1-04 

White, Dorothy E., 497 4, Bn A M, FR; (2-14-17) 2-1-21 

White, Emory S., 290 W. 4th, Mn A Mu, TR; 4-13-14 

White, Fred C, 470 E. 161st, Bx 1 A H (Ch), Ms; 10-3-04 (9-7-17) 

White, Isabelle D., 1013 Prospect PL. Bn... A F, JR; 10-1-09 

White, Jessie C, 142 Jewett Ave., Jersey _. , 

City, N. J A Sewg & Dress Mkg, Girls; 

(2-2-03) 9-10-20 

White, Mabel M., 257 W. 93d, Mn A St Tp, JR; (10-15-94) 9-11-11 

White, Ruth E., 2195 Andrews Ave., Bx... A E, EvC; 10-1-12 
White, Walter C. L., Farmers & St. Marks 

Ave., St. Albans, L. I AD, Boys; (9-9-07) 9-9-10 

Whitehall, Frank M.. 438 Quincy, Bn A E (Adm), Stv; 9-9-10 

Whitmore, Clara H., 81 Highview Ave., 

Hamilton Pk., New Brighton, S. I A E, Curtis; 9-14-03 

Whitney, Catherine E., 3604 Broadway, Mn. A CI, WI; 2-1-15 
Whitney, Chester M., 15 Tecumseh Ave., Mt. 

Vernon, N. Y A Joinery, Stv; (9-9-07) 3-2-14 

Whitney. Clara G., 3604 Broadway, Mn A D, WI; 6-28-16 

Whitney, Harold A., 446 Hudson Ave., West 

New York, N. J AC, DWC; 9-22-16 

Whitney, N. BeU, 56 Martense, Bn AM, EH; 9-14-08 

Whitsit, Jesse E., 146 W. 55th, Mn 1 A C & P (Ch C), DWC; 2-2-03 

(2-1-06) 

Wicks, Helen D., 25 Claremont Ave., Mn... A E, BR; 3-13-13 

Wicksman. PauL 1165 E. Parkway, Bn A ComL JR (4-1-08) 4-9-17 

Wiesner, Helen E., 1062 Herkimer, Bn... A E, Bry; 9-11-11 

Wight, Walter A., 130 Hawthorne, Bn A F, EH; 9-9-01 

Wigle, George C, 1097 Lincoln PL, Bn A Joinery, MT; (9-14-08) 2-3-19 

Wilbert, Abraham L., 1269 College Ave., Bx. A Ec, HSC; 12-3-17 

Wilcox, Ruth S.. 2 St. Nicholas PL, Mn... Lib A, WI; 3-3-19 

Wilcox, Stella, 785 DeKalb Ave., Bn A St Tp, Girls; 9-5-19 

Wilder, George F., Queens, L. I A M, EH; 9-12-01 

Wilford, Herbert E., 14 Kinsland Ave., 

Elmhurst, L. I A L, DWC; (5-6-01) 9-8-02 

Wilkes, Max S., 136 Sylvan Ave., River- 

dale, Bx. A FHD, AD, Stv; (9-10-06) 9-12-16 

Wilkin, Josephine D., SI Park Ave., Jamaica, 

L. I. ..; A H (Ch M), Jam; 9-1-96 

Wilkins, Lawrence A, 598 W. 191st, Mn... Dir Mod Lang, BofE; 2-1-07 

(9-1-14) (2-2-20) 



222 HIGH SCHOOLS OF NEW YORK CITY 



Willard, Florence, 16 Mead Ave., Passaic, 

^- J • 1 A Dom Sc (Ch), WI; (2-20-99) 

^.'11^''^' S^^.y?' il^ Bedford Ave., Bn.... A L Gr F, Girh'ri-lO-OO) 
Willard, Meriel. W., 16 Mead Ave., Pas- 

^2ic, N. J 1 A Dom Sc (Ch Dom Art), WI; 

^ir-n- T^ . X, (2-20-99) 2-4-03 (2-20-99) 

Williams, Daisy P., 1223 Bushvvick Ave., Bn. A Cv, Bwk; (9-20-01) 3-1S-20 
Williams, Edward M., 1342 Franklin Ave., 

„,?,f.- ••••••;•••••; A Bkkpg (Chg An), TR; 9-12-98 

Williams, Helen W., 249 St. Marks PL, 

New Brighton. S. I A E. Curtis; 2-3-19 

Williams, Homer E., 15 Locust Lane. Rye, 

„,.„N- Y. A Mu, DWC; 4-1-19 

Williams, Joseph S., 336 W. 9Stht, Mn A L. EvC; 9-9-10 

Wjlhams, Lewis C, 98 Rutland Rd., Bn. A P, Haaren; 2-1-01 

Williams, Lillian E., 132 Herkimer, Bn CI A, Bwk; 9-8-20 

Williams, Margaret, 240 78th, Bn A Cooking (Ch), BR; (2-14-07) 

„r.„. r, ^ 3-2-14 

Williams, S. Elizabeth, 351 St. Nicholas 

-„,, Ave. Mn A F. WI; (9-8-90) 2-3-13 

M^ilmot, Mabel E., 19 Covert PL, Flushing, 

„,., L. I. A E, Bry; 3-13-13 

Wilson, Agnes W.. 489 6th. Bn A PT (Ch) GComl; 2-1-10 

Wilson. Anna T., 363 Washington Ave., Bn. A B, Bwk; 9-8-16 

Wilson, Bessie D., 628 W. 140th, Mn A F, Wdl; 9-14-03 

Wilson, Bessie G., 489 6th, Bn A Sewg&Dressmkg. Girls; (9-11-08) 

„r-, ^ , . 9-8-16 

Wilson, Catherine, 363 Jefferson Ave., Bn.. A E, Boys; 4-11-18 

Wilson. Chas. B., 1544 President, Bn A F. Boys; (9-8-16) 9-7-17 

Wilson, George A., 928 Lincoln PL, Bn A Mu, Coml; 4-13-14 

Wilson, George W., 738 E. 229, Bx A C, HSC; (2-1-11) 2-1-14 

Wilson, John H., 248 87th, Bn A Foundry, Stv; 2-13-17 

Wilson, Martin L., 703 Embree Crescent, 

Westfield, N. J AH, HSC; 2-5-17 

Wilson. Sinclair J., 110 Kent Ave., Bn A M, Boys; 9-11-14 

Wilson, Stuart, 703 Sterling PL, Bn Adm A M, ED; (10-22-97) 9-16-07 

Wilson, Zada J., 1224 Pacific, Bn A M, Girls; 9-5-92 

Winslow, Isabel G., 1051 Tinton Ave., Bx. A M, Ms; 4-22-01 

Windman, Ralph, 52 E. 107th, Mn A F, Stv; 4-5-20 

Winslow, Julia E.. 132 Remsen, Bn A L, Girls; 9-1-89 

Winston, Samuel, 277 Kingston Ave., Bn.. A B, Boys; (5-1-08) 2-1-21 

Winter, May, 136 W. 12th, Mn CI A, HSC; 11-3-19 

Wisthaler, Johanna S., 771 Lincoln PL, Mn. A G, Girls; S-1-03 

Witherbee, Rita, 1406 Union, Bn A E. Girls; 12-1-09 

Withers, Samuel C, 219S Anderson Ave., 

Bx AM, EvC; 9-5-13 

Wohlfarth. Amelia, 672 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn AG, TR; 1-3-05 

Wolcott, Emily P., 8438 113th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A E, RH; 9-14-08 

Wolcott, Henry G., 443 E. 4th, Bn A B, MT; 9-14-03 

Wolf, S. Louise, 67 Piling, Bn APT, EH; (9-20-01) 11-1-17 

Wolfe, Alice J. (Mrs.), 96 Winthrop, Bn.. A E, MT; 9-10-06 

Wolfson, George, 1369 Intervale Ave., Bx.. A El, Boys; 2-3-19 

Wollaston, Caroline M., 47 Hancock, Bn... A PT (Ch), Girls; (9-14-03) 2-1-05 

Womack, Mary D., 18 Garden PL, Bn A B, Wdl; 12-10-00 

Wood, Daniel, 8923 118th, Richmond Hill, 

L. I A Mu, (Ch) RH; 6-28-16 

Wood, Elizabeth C, 100 Morningside Dr., 1 A H & Cv (Ch), Wdl; 9-12-97 

(10-1-06) 

Wood, George C, 798 Lincoln PI, Bn 1 A B Sc (Ch), Coml; 10-1-03 

(10-15-14) 

Wood, Georgiana M., 672 Greene Ave., Bn. A Ace & Bus Pr, GComl; 9-10-20 

Wood, Howell R., 171 Union, Flushing, L. I. A P (Ch P Sc), Fig; 9-1-97 

Wood, Mabel J., 363 Grand Ave., Bn A E, GComl; 2-1-21 

Wood, Mary M., 595 W. 124th, Mn A E, WI; 9-9-10 

Wood, Walter D., Pleasant Plains. S. I A Mill & Const, Stv; (10-2-11) 

9-11-14 

Woodbury, Ella A., 607 Carlton Ave., Bn.. A E, Bwk; 10-2-11 

Woodman, Sophie P., 561 W. 186, Mn A H, EvC; 2-2-14 

Woodruff, Frank E., 216 Kingston Ave., Bn. A M, Boys; 2-1-10 

Woodward, Adele M., 419 W. 22d. Mn A F, Wdl; 9-12-97 

Works, Austin M., 2644 Marion Ave., Ex.. A E, DWC; 9-11-11 



ALPHABETICAL LIST OF TEACHERS 223 

Worstell, Helen S., 234 W. 113th, Mn A H (Tr of Blind), DWC; 9-8-16 

Worth, William A., 103 Sickles Ave., New 

Rochelle, N. Y A Joinery, Stv; (10-1-99) 10 1-09 

Wresher, Helen E., 1062 Herkimer, Bn A E, Bry; 9 11-11 

Wright, Hermon H., 238 Amitv St., Flush- Dir High Sc Org, BofE; 914-03 
iiig, L. I. (9-9-14) (2-2-20) 

Wright, Helen S. (Mrs.). 513 Sfh, Bn A D, MT; (12-1-02) 9-12-04 

Wright, Kenneth W., 2776 Morris Ave., Bx. A E. DWC; 10-3 04) 10-2 11 

Wright. Mabel, 1383 Dean, Bn Adm A M, Girls; 916-07 

Wyckoff, Harriet E., 523 W. 121st, Mn A H, HSC; (9-9-01) 9-1408 

Wylie, Stella M., 30 S. 13th Ave., Mt. Ver- 
non. N. Y A E. EvC; 9-8-02 

Wynkoop, Gertrude, 695 St. Nicholas Ave., 

Mn A PT, Ms; (2-3-02) 2-2-20 



Yarrington, Adrian M., 173 Steuben, Bn. . . A H, MT; 9-8-02 

Yerbury, Charles S., 215 McDonough. Bn.. A Mu (Ch), MT; (12-15-88) 3-3-02 

Yoder, Arthur L., 8411 106th, Richmond 

Hill, L. I A P, RH ; 9-10-06 

Yokel. Arthur, 995 E. 173d, Bx A L, DWC; 4-8-12 

Yost, Clemens A., 30 Sterling PI., Bn A F, MT; 9-10-20 

Young, Charlotte S., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn. A B, EH; 2-15-09 
Young-High, Caroline (Mrs.), 382 E. 197th, 

B.x A Phvsiol, EvC; 2-4-00 

Young, Mabel A., 177 Woodruff Ave., Bn.. A B, EH; 9-10-00 
Younghem, Edith C, 370 Central Pk. W., 

Mn A E, WI; 2-1-18 



Zabriskie, Edward C, 36 W. 93d, Mn f, WI; (9-11-95) 4-1-15 

Zacharie, Jean B.. 9 Mitchell PI., Mn A F, DWC; 4-8-12 

Zagat, LiUie, 973 Summit Ave., Bx AM, WI; (11-1-10) 10-1-12 

Zarnitz, George H., 89 Lee Ave., Bn A Coml, Coml; (10-1-92) 9-8-16 

Zaslaw, Myer, 119 Montague, Bn AM, MT; 2-4-14 

Zatz, Morris, 709 Willoughby Ave., Bn Lib A. Stv; 3-3-19 

Zeiner. Edward J. A., 1295 Pacific, Bn 1 A Mu (Ch), Coml; (U-lS-Ol) 

9-14-03 (2-2-20) 

Zelmer, Dorothy, 54 Herkimer, Bn A E, Boys; 2-1-21 

Zenker, Helen, 351 E. 84th, Mn APT, ED; (11-3-13) 9-S-lS 

Zenner, Henry W., 20 Lewis Ave., Elmhurst, 

L.I CI A, Fig; 11-1-17 

Zerban, Alexander H. W., 21 21st, Elmhurst, 

L. I AG, Ntn; 3-1-06 

Zick, Henry, 36 W. 96th St., Mn 1 A Mod Lang (Ch F), Wdl; 3-7-01 

(9-7-10) 

Zimmerman, Elizabeth A.. 310 E. 18th, Mn. A E, Stv; 9-5-19 

Zimmerman, Julius, 627 Saratoga A,.ve., Bn. A M Stv; 2-5-17 

Zinovoy, George, 191 E. 3d, Mn A PT. NU; 9-10-20 

Zinner, Sigmund, 565 E. 8th, Bn A St Tp, NU; (11-1-12) 10-1-19 

Zollinhoffer, Sophie, 56 Lefferts, Bn A E, ED; 3-4-01 

Zorn, Freda, 55 CJhauncey, Bn A G, Bwk; 3-1-10 

Zuckerman. Rose, 359 Bristol, Bn A PT, ED; 4-1-19 

Zweibel, Abraham D., 920 S. 18th, Newark, 

N. J A Sp, DWC; 9-10-20 



